1、.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationWe have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.-Epictetus A Greek Stoic（禁欲主义）（禁欲主义）philosopherQuestion for U:Do you agree with Epictetus?State your reasons.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationDo you think that interpersonal ski
2、lls are very important at school and at work?Please share us your opinions.Interpersonal skills should be considered very important both at school and at work.Good interpersonal skills enhance relationships with fellow students or colleagues and help build a pleasant environment for all to work in.C
3、onversely,poor interpersonal skills can often lead to coldness and even hostility between one another and may lead to inefficiency in study or at work.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationUnit 7 Relationships and CommunicationKang MinText A How Well Can We Listen?Text B What We Can Do to Improve Hu
4、man Relationships.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationParts Main Ideas12-45-78The rise of the issue:peoples complaints about others not listening;the possible consequences of the problem.The analysis of the reasons for the failure in communication:misunderstanding resulting from poor listening.How
5、 we can be good listeners.Conclusion:restatement of the importance of listening.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationHow Well Can We Listen?Kathleen T.McWhorter1.It is not uncommon to hear people complaining that no one listens to them and no one understands them.Such complaints come not only from
6、kids but also from adults.How often is this a vital cause in the failure of personal relationships?How often does it contribute to broken homes?How often do we hear of a married couple who fail to have communication,or of children who feel deserted?It seems something must have gone wrong.我们时常听到人们抱怨说
7、没有人聆听他们，没有人能理解他们。这样的抱怨不仅出自孩童之口，也出自成人之口。人际关系不和谐，这不往往是个重要原因吗？家庭破裂，不也往往拜其所赐吗？我们不也还常常听说夫妻之间无法交流，孩子感觉被遗弃吗？看来这其中一定出了什么问题。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication2.Experts tend to resort to the term“generation gap”to explain the conflicts between parents and children.Can this term be applied to the cases me
8、ntioned above?Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when“generation”is taken into account,it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis.There are bound to be differences,or gaps,in the opinions of two people that give rise to conflicts,and ways to reduce the
9、m are by no means easy to be sought,but it is equally true to say that there is bound to be a solution to every problem.Part of the solution to human conflicts is to avoid misunderstanding.每当父母和孩子之间发生冲突的时候，专家们往往会用“代沟”这一术语来解释。那么这个术语能否用于上面提到的情况呢？当然，如果细究“代”的本义，那么这算不上特别贴切，但是大可借用该术语的其他涵义来分析问题。两个人的观点之所以会引
10、起纷争，肯定因为存在分歧，而要设法减少分歧又谈何容易！但是我们也同样可以说，每个问题肯定都会有办法解决。人际冲突的部分解决办法是避免误解。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 3.Misunderstanding often arises from a lack of communication.Curiously enough,in a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pa
11、ger have been developed,people are still confronted with this problem.Investigations show that technological inventions do help facilitate human communication.They also show that while there are more opportunities for personal contact,especially through verbal communication,many people still find th
12、eir listeners do not listen to them.Clearly,something is wrong with their listening ability.误解常常源于缺乏交流。令人纳闷的是，在现代社会，虽然发明了不少先进的通讯工具，如移动电话和传呼机，但是人们仍然面临这样的问题。研究表明，科技发明确实有助于人与人之间的交流。研究也同样发现，虽然人与人之间接触的机会增加了，特别是言语交流的机会增加了，许多人仍然发现没有人真正聆听他们说话。很显然，人们的聆听能力出了问题。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 4.People
13、may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound.This is a basic mistake we often make.Very often hearing is confused with listening,as they are so closely related.Believing that hearing is a physiological function,which comes to us naturally,we ta
14、ke it for granted that listening does not require much effort.Experts in the field of communications are quick to attack this belief.In their view,listening requires hard work and energy.When people are listening,they have quicker heartbeats and faster blood circulation.Good listening,they think,is
15、not as simple as it might seem.人们也许会问，为什么听觉没有问题而他们的聆听能力却不如人意呢？这就是我们常犯的错误：因为听觉能力和聆听能力的关系如此紧密，我们经常把两者混淆。我们会认为听觉能力是一种生理功能，是与生俱来的，所以我们想当然地以为聆听不需要付出特别的努力。对于这种观点，交流领域的专家会毫不犹豫地加于指正。在他们看来，聆听既费神又费力。人们聆听时心跳加速，血液循环也会加快。专家认为，认真的聆听并不是我们想象的那么简单。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.To become a good listener be
16、gins with concentration.That looks easy on the surface.In too many cases,we have to listen to other people with physical and mental distractions around us.The ring of the telephone,the slam of a door or other human voices are some of the common physical distractions.The mental distractions in ones o
17、wn mind,on the other hand,are much more difficult to overcome,for many reasons.A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the working of the listeners mind.The average persons rate of thinking is faster than the average rate of speech.With much free time left at their disposal,the listeners are lik
18、ely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way.That is where the problem lies:listening too quickly.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.要成为好的聆听者首先需要集中注意力。这表面上看起来很简单。在很多情况下，我们听别人说话时，周围都有外界的和心理的干扰，电话铃声、关门声、其他人的声音是一些我们常见的外界干扰。但是心理的干扰更难克服。这里面的原因很多，说话人可能无法跟上听话人思想的速度。常人的思考速度
19、要比说话的平均速度快得多。当听话人有很多自由时间支配的时候，他们就可能会太专注自己的思绪而很快就不知道说话人说到什么地方了。这就是问题的所在：听得太快！.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication6.Sometimes,the listener tends to skip part of what is being said unconsciously.Since each person has his own range of interests,when the speaker talks about something that is of no per
20、sonal interest or concern to him,he would“switch off the talking.”Though he might nod his head or respond with gestures,his mind is wandering.This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring.有时候，听话人会下意识地跳过说话人的一些谈话。每个人都有自己的兴趣爱好，如果说话人谈论一些听话人不感兴趣或与听话人无关的事情，听话人就会“关掉
21、谈话”。虽然听话人可能还会点头或用其他肢体语言回应，他的思绪却游移到别的事情上去了。这种自动控制系统的作用在谈话内容太枯燥的时候尤其明显。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 7.Other psychological factors also come into play.A persons feeling towards the speaker can affect his listening ability.If he has a poor impression of the speaker,because of his appearance o
22、r whatever,it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the speaker.其他心理因素也同样会起作用。一个人对说话人的印象也会影响他的理解能力，如果听者对说话人的印象不好，比如由于说话人的相貌或某些原因，那他自然就不会去认真聆听说话人说的内容。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 8.Verbal communication is a good means for people to understand each other.What has to be
23、borne in mind is that,to ensure that good communication takes place,talking and hearing are just not enough.When we hear people complain that no one listens to them or no one understands them,we should be able to provide an acceptable explanation.言语交流是人们相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我们注意的是要确保交流的顺利进行，光凭说和听是不够的，当听到有人
24、抱怨没人听他们说话或没人理解他们的时候，我们应该能够给他们一个合理的解释。.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationThe rise of the issue(peoples complaints)Further reason:lack of good listeningBenefits of good listeningHow to be a good listenerConclusionThe reasons:differences in opinion;misunderstanding.1.人际关系人际关系personal relationships2
25、.促成促成contribute to3.感觉受冷落感觉受冷落feel deserted4.往往往往tend to5.借助借助resort to6.考虑在内考虑在内take into account7.一定会一定会be bound to8.引起引起give rise to9.避免误解避免误解avoid misunderstanding10.缺乏交流缺乏交流lack of communication.13.生理功能生理功能physiological function14.血液流通血液流通blood circulation15.跟上跟上keep pace with16.任某人处置任某人处置at on
26、es disposal17.心理因素心理因素psychological factors18.起作用起作用come into play19.忘乎所以忘乎所以be carried away20.牢记牢记bear in mind11.面临面临be confronted with12.言语交流言语交流 verbal communication.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication2.vital:adj.extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or existRegular exerci
27、se is vital for your health.旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的。旅游业对于国民经济来说是至关重要的。The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.NB:vitality n.生命力生命力，活力，活力.Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationWords Splain:1.vi.express feelings of pain,dissatisfaction,or resentment2.vt.express dissatisfaction or
28、 resentmentMany patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug.员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。员工们抱怨工资过低而且福利差。The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate.NB:complain complaint n.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication4.desert:vt.leave at a
29、difficult time or in a cruel way,esp.with the intention of not returningMrs.Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication3.contribute:1.vi.(usually followed by to)help in causing a situation,event,or conditionAn increase in the p
30、rice of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.2.vt.give money,help,ideas,etc.to something1.vi.(usually followed by to)help in causing a situation,event,or conditionAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1.vi.(usually followed by to)hel
31、p in causing a situation,event,or condition2.vt.give money,help,ideas,etc.to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1.vi.(usually followed by to)help in causing a situation,event,or conditionThe volunteers contribute their own time to the projec
32、t.2.vt.give money,help,ideas,etc.to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1.vi.(usually followed by to)help in causing a situation,event,or condition.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.resort:1.vi.(usually followed by to)make use of;turn t
33、o(often something bad)for help Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out.2.n.a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreationa health resorta pleasure resorta summer resort a tourist resort疗养地疗养地游乐胜地游乐胜地避暑地避暑地旅游胜地旅游胜地3.n.the act of turning to something for aid or
34、relief;recourse反复实践是取得真知的方法。反复实践是取得真知的方法。Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication6.apply:1.vt.(usually followed by for)request or seek assistance,employment,or admission She applied for a job with the local newspaper.2.vi.(usually followed b
35、y to)be pertinent or relevant勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings.3.vt.put to or adapt for a special useWe should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice.apply v.application n.applicable adj.applied adj.申请；应用申请；应用申请；应用申请；应用适用的；可申请的适
36、用的；可申请的 应用的应用的.8.analysis:n.(pl.analyses)examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about itUnit 7 Relationships and Communication7.take into account:(also take account of/take into consideration)consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment ab
37、out somethingThese figures do not take into account the changes in the rate of inflation.NB:analyze vt.analysis n.analytic adj.analyst n.分析分析分析分析分析的分析的分析家分析家.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication9.bound:1.adj.very likely;certain建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。建立在金钱基础上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。The marriage on the basis of money
38、is bound to break up.2.adj.travelling towards a particular place or in a particular direction这列火车是开往上海的。这列火车是开往上海的。This train is bound for Shanghai.be bound for(a place)be bound to do sth.Collocation（搭配）（搭配）:前往某地前往某地必定必定,一定一定.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication10.arise:vi.(arose,arisen)usually fo
39、llowed by from,out of come into being or begin to be noticed;happen;appear疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。Accidents often arise from carelessness.arise:是不及物动词，意思主要指是不及物动词，意思主要指“出现，发生出现，发生”（后接（后接from形成词组，形成词组，意为意为“起因于起因于”）。例如：）。例如：A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。出现了新的困难。arouse:是及物动词，意思主要指是及物动词，意思主要
40、指“唤醒，唤起，引起唤醒，唤起，引起”。例如。例如:The odd sight aroused our curiosity.奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。奇怪的景象激起我们的好奇。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 11.confront:e face to face with,especially with defiance or hostilityShe confronted the vital question of being bankrupt.她面临要破产的重大问题她面临要破产的重大问题。12.facilitate:vt.make easy o
41、r easier;help新建的地铁将便于人们去城市各处。新建的地铁将便于人们去城市各处。The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.Dividing students into small groups usually helps facilitate discussion.14.keep pace with:move,increase,change,etc.at the same speed as sb./sth.Unit 7 Relationships and Commu
42、nication 13.distraction:n.something or someone that distracts,esp.an amusement宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我难以集中精力学习。宿舍里使人分心的事物太多，使我难以集中精力学习。There are too many distractions in the dorm for me to concentrate on my study.工资的提高是否与通货膨胀同步？工资的提高是否与通货膨胀同步？Are wages keeping pace with inflation?The supply of materials cann
43、ot keep pace with the demand.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication15.disposal:n.the act of getting rid of something;removalHis disposal of the difficulty pleased everybody.at ones disposal 和和 at(或或in)ones disposition 都表示都表示“由某人任意支配由某人任意支配”，即想怎么处置就怎么处置。然而，即想怎么处置就怎么处置。然而前者特别强调两点：前者特别强调两点：任意使用；任意使用；任凭
44、某人的指挥。任凭某人的指挥。他对这个困难的处理使大家都感到满意。他对这个困难的处理使大家都感到满意。.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication16.ensure:vt.make(something)certain to happen我们可以保证把工作做好。我们可以保证把工作做好。We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.ensure,assure&insureA letter of introduction will ensure you an interview.I can assu
45、re you of the reliability of the news.My house is insured against fire.我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。凭一封介绍信准保你会受到接待。凭一封介绍信准保你会受到接待。我的房子保了火险。我的房子保了火险。.1.See,listen,and be silent,and you will live in peace.多看多听少多嘴，你会太平过日子。多看多听少多嘴，你会太平过日子。2.The wise man is always a good listener.智者善听人言。智者善听人言。3.To make
46、 enemies,talk;to make friends,listen.要成仇敌，多讲；要成朋友，多听。要成仇敌，多讲；要成朋友，多听。4.I like to listen.I have learned a great deal from listening carefully.Most people never listen.Ernest Hemingway,American writer 我喜欢倾听。从仔细聆听中我学到了很多。大多数人从不倾听。我喜欢倾听。从仔细聆听中我学到了很多。大多数人从不倾听。美国作家美国作家 E.海明威海明威Proverbs and Quotations.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
