1、INTRODUCTION TO TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY 管道铺设非开挖技术的介绍 摘抄整理：摘抄整理：吕明刚吕明刚Traditional Methods 传统的方法 First suited for“gre enfield”适用于未发展区域 Low tech little change over past 50 yrs.技术含量低，近50年没有多大改进 Level of planning&implementation basic 对计划与实施手段的要求低“Non-greenfield”surface disruptions,underground utilities 在市区
2、施工，对地面上的物景产生损坏，对地下的管网产生威胁Trenchless Technologies 非开挖技术 Thrust Boring&Pipe Jacking(pre-1900s)顶管法 Auger Boring(1940)螺旋钻进法 Impact Moling(1962)冲击矛法 Directional Drilling(1971)水平定向钻进法 Impact Ramming(1980)夯管法 Pipe Bursting(1980s)爆(裂)管法Definition ofTrenchless Technologies 非开挖技术的定义开挖技术就是采用各种方法，材料，设备来铺设，更换或修复
3、地下公用设施而能做到最小限度地扰民碍市 Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法 Lengths of 15-1800 m 施工长度：151800米 Diameters of 25-1200 mm 管径251200毫米 Applications:应用 utility conduits 市政工程 Pipelines 管道设施 gravity sewers 下水管道 force mains 压力管道 horizontal remediation wells 治理污染的水平管群 geotechnical investigations地质调查HDD Process
4、 水平定向钻进过程HDD Process 水平钻进定进过程Pipe Bursting 爆(裂)管法Pipe Bursting Process(Static)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)Pipe Bursting Process(Static Cont.)爆管法的过程（固定裂管工艺)续Pipe Bursting Process(Pneumatic)爆管法的过程（气动工法)下水管道的安装Pipe Jacking 顶管法 Lengths of up to 490 m have been achieved 施工长度可达490米 Diameters of 1060-3050 mm 管径介于1060305
5、0毫米 Applications:应用 large diameter gravity sewers and force mains 大型下水管道和压力管道Pipe Jacking Process 顶管法施工过程Lengths of 12-150 m 施工长度：12150米Diameters of 200-1500 mm 管径：2001500毫米Applications:应用relatively short crossings of pipes and conduits 短距离的管道施工TWO CASE HISTORIES 两个例子（一）Pipe Bursting 爆管法（二）Horizonta
6、l Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法 Parallel the existing gravity trunk sewer with a new gravity trunk sewer 将新下水管与旧下水管平行安放 Construct a series of 5 new pumping stations and pump to adjacent sewerage area 需要设置5个新泵站，把污水泵送到邻近排污系统 Advantages 优点 Maintains gravity flow 维持重力流动 Disadvantages 缺点 Construction in s
7、ilty sand to clayey material 3 to 6 metres deep with high groundwater in close proximity to Millstone River,a highly sensitive Coho salmon habitat stream.在3-6米的粘沙土层施工难度大；地下水位高；会影响三文鱼栖息地的生态 Additional right-of-way would be required 需要额外的管位 Cost Estimated at$5.1 million 成本估算约5.1百万美元 Advantages 优点 Mini
8、mizes environmental impacts as pump stations and forcemains for the most part would be constructed in existing right-of-ways.对环境扰动小 Disadvantages 缺点 Added undesirable long term operational costs to the City of Nanaimo 给这个城市增加了一些额外的长期营运成本 Cost Estimated at$5.2 million 成本估算约5.2百万美元 Advantages 优点1.Less
9、 environmental impact as excavation is minimized 由于极少动土，对环境影响小2.Gravity flow maintained 保持重力流动3.No additional right-of-ways required无需额外的管位4.No long term operational and maintenance costs associated with pump stations 无需象泵站方案那样需要长期的营运和维护成本5.More cost effective than alternatives 最经济的工法Disadvantages 缺
10、点1.Upsize required at the upper limit of PB technology in North America;however,there had been limited success 扩径要求已达北美的爆管的上限；但也有一些成功的实例2.Lengths 100m to 175m 长度为100米 至175米3.Limited availability of contractors in North America with capability to perform upsize of this nature 能做这样的扩径工程的承包商有限 Ability to burst project lengths(100m to 175m)能施工100 至175 米的长度 Ability to burst pipe couplings 能裂管接头 Ability to burst concrete encasement 能裂混凝土包封 Although some difficulties encountered,remaining project was subsequently awarded 尽管遇到一些困难，项目最后获得通过。（二）Horizontal Directional Drilling 水平定向钻进法 定向钻在美国信息高速网路上的应用
