1、 中考专题复习十一中考专题复习十一 Modal verbs 占陇华南学校，朱月华老师占陇华南学校，朱月华老师studying aims1.Review modal verbs.2.Learn to use modal verbs with exercises.Whats the definition of modal verbs?情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表表示说话人的情绪示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词态度或语气的动词,但但不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。构成谓语。What are the functions o
2、f modal verbs?1.Ability（能力）（能力）2.Obligation（义务）（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）（可能性）4.Permission（允许（允许）5.Make requests（提出请求）（提出请求）6.Make suggestions（提出建（提出建议）议）7.Make offers（提供帮助）（提供帮助）8.Give advice（提出意见）（提出意见）How can we deal with exercises How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs?concerning modal
3、verbs?Functions&usage of modal verbsLanguage context(上下文、上下文、语境语境)Functions&usage of modal verbsLanguage context(上下文、上下文、语境语境)表能力的情态动词：表能力的情态动词：can/couldbe able to情态动词表示能力情态动词表示能力情态动词表示能力时，一般用情态动词表示能力时，一般用cancould或或be able to。1.can常指现在，较常用；如果只表示能力时，两者都可常指现在，较常用；如果只表示能力时，两者都可用。用。e.g.I can/am able to
4、swim.2.be able to 可用于各种时态可用于各种时态 e.g.We shall be able to finish the work nex week.侧重于侧重于“克服一定困难克服一定困难”“经过一定努力经过一定努力”“有能力有能力”干某干某事事can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态 客观上能够客观上能够即讲即练即讲即练 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to答案：答
5、案：D情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词表示推测的用法（语气从强到弱）（语气从强到弱）1._所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为意为“一定一定”。2.can和和could主要用于主要用于_句和句和_句中，句中，cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”。3.may和和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于作或情况，主要用于_句中，句中，might相相对于对于may来说，表示的可能性更小一些。来说，表示的可能性更小一些。mustshouldcancouldmaymightmust否定否定疑问疑问肯定肯定注意：注意：1 表
6、示猜测，表示猜测，can/could一般不用于肯定句一般不用于肯定句中，除非是中，除非是“经验之谈经验之谈”。e.g.Anybody can make mistakes.2 表示猜测，表示猜测，may和和might都不用于疑问句都不用于疑问句中。中。e.g.(正正)Can Could it be cloudy tomorrow？(误误)May Might it be cloudy tomorrow？4.should也可以用来表示也可以用来表示“推测推测”，意为，意为“可可能；该能；该”，相当于，相当于be expected to。往往指。往往指具有一定的具有一定的客观根据客观根据或或根据推理根
7、据推理对现在某对现在某事发生的事发生的“可能性可能性”进行描述，语气上不如进行描述，语气上不如must强。强。Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.can答案：答案：C()-Is Peter here now?-Not yet,but he _ be here soon.He usually is on time.A.would B.could C.should D.must()It nearly took me an hour to go there.-Have a drin
8、k,then.You _ be thirsty.A.should B.need C.will D.mustCD 当 堂 训 练 （一）情太动词表推测，可能性()1.Have you decided which senior high school to choose?-Not yet.I _ go to Moonlight School.A.must B.may C.need D.should()2.Do you have any plans for the weekend?-I m not sure.I _ go climbing Mount.Tai.A.need B.can C.may D
9、.shall()3.-Whose shirt is this?Is it Johns?-It _ be Johns.Its _ small for him.A.cant;much too B.cant;too much C.mustnt;much too D.mustnt;too much BCA()4.-Listen!Is that Millie playing the violin in the next room?-No.It _ be her.She has gone to the teachers office.A.may not B.mustnt C.neednt D.cant()
10、5.Fifty dollars for such a blouse!(衬衣)You _ be joking.-Im serious.Its made of silk.A.must B.can C.may D.need()6.I walk for an hour in the hot weather.-Have a drink,then.You _ be thirsty.A.should B.need C.will D.must DAD 情态动词表示情态动词表示“许可许可”、“允许允许”的用法的用法can/could/may/might过去式过去式could常用于疑问句中，比常用于疑问句中，比c
11、an更加委更加委婉，表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形婉，表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形can或者或者may，不可再用过去式，不可再用过去式could/might。e.g.Can/May/Could I use your pen?肯定简略回答：肯定简略回答：Yes,you can/may.Yes,please.否定简略回答：否定简略回答：No,you mustnt.Please dont._No,you may not.即讲即练即讲即练 Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you _.A.might B.will C.can D.should答案：答案
12、：C 当 堂 训 练 （二）情太动词表许可，建议()1.Bob,shall we go and meet our new classmate?-Sorry,Im busy now.But you _ ask David to go with you.He is free.A.need B.may C.would D.must()2.I hear youve got a new iphone5s.-_ I have a look?A.May B.Do C.shall D.should()3.-_ I try on those shoes in the window?-_.They are jus
13、t on show.（展出）A.Could;Yes,you can.B.Can;Sorry,you couldnt C.Could;Sorry,you cant D.Can;Yes,you couldBAC?()4.-_ I swim here?Im sorry.Children _ swim alone here.A.must;cant B.May;must C.Can;mustnt D.Cant;can()5.Shall I tell Jim the good news?No,you _.Ive told him already.A.wouldnt B.neednt C.shouldnt
14、D.mustnt()6.What do you want to eat for lunch?I will prepare earlier today.-Honey,you _.Lets go have something different.A.mustnt B.cant C.shouldnt D.dont have to CBD()7.-_ I smoke here?-No.You are not allowed to smoke in public places.A.Could B.Must C.May D.Might()8.Can I borrow your dictionary?Yes
15、,you_.A.can B.must C.should()9.How long may I keep the book?-You _ keep it for two weeks.A.may B.must C.will()10.May we leave the classroom now?-No,you _.You shouldnt leave until the bell rings.A.may not B.cant C.neednt()11.May I smoke here,please?-Im afraid you _.This is a non-smoking area.A.can B.
16、cant C.may D.may not CAABB()12.Its such a long way!What shall I do?You _ take my car if you want.A.will B.must C.may D.shall()13.May I watch TV for a while?-No,you _.You have to finish your homework first.A.should B.neednt C.mustnt D.wont()14.How was the party last night,Mark?-It was great fun.You _
17、 go.A.must B.can C.should D.may CCC 易混情太动词易混情太动词Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldnt last year.It will be sunny in the daytime,but it could rain later on this evening.-Can I go now?-Yes,you can.Could you wait a few days for the money?This cant/couldnt be done by him.表示表示“能力能力”表示表示“客观可能
18、性客观可能性”表示表示“请求和允许请求和允许”表示表示“请求请求”,口语中代替口语中代替can,使语气更委婉使语气更委婉,主要用于主要用于疑问句疑问句,答语用答语用can.-Could I use your bike tomorrow?Yes,_.No,_.表示不相信的态度表示不相信的态度(主要主要用于否定句用于否定句,疑问句和感疑问句和感叹句中叹句中)”you canIm afraid not1.can和和could1.can/be able to区别区别:can表示表示或或，而，而be able to更加强调更加强调或者或者，能做到的事情。能做到的事情。表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做
19、表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不不能用能用could。He_fleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Note：could 区别区别 was/were able to was able to1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday.Luckily,everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2.She _ speak both English and French.canI cant thank you t
20、oo much.can never/canttoo表示表示“无无论怎样论怎样也不过分也不过分”，“越越越越好好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。You cant be too careful while crossing the road.May I watch TV after supper?Yes,_./No,_.Might I use your telephone?May I go home now?It may be true.She may come tomorrow.He might have some fever.May you succeed!Ma
21、y you have many more days as happy as this one!you mayYou mustnt允许允许,许可许可禁止禁止,阻止阻止Might比比May的语气更委婉的语气更委婉表示可能性的推测表示可能性的推测,译为译为“大概大概,可能可能”用用might时显得更加不肯定时显得更加不肯定用于祈使句表示祝愿用于祈使句表示祝愿2.May 和和Might A computer _ think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might notAmay _ can_表主观
22、表主观“可能可能”表客观表客观“可能可能”cannot_ may not_不可能不可能可能不可能不 may 和和canThey_ be doing the experiment in the lab.Why？Because the lights are still burning.A.could B.can C.must D.would must表主观意志，而表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因表由于客观因素不得不做完成的事情。素不得不做完成的事情。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用去的时间。在直接引语中表示过
23、去的时间用had to代替。代替。I told her that she must give up smoking.比较比较must&have toIts getting late.I have to leave now.（客观需要）（客观需要）-Whats the name?-Khulaifi._ I spell that for you?A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might在疑问句中，用于第一、三人称，表示征求在疑问句中，用于第一、三人称，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。常用句型：对方的意见或向对方请示。常用句型：Shall I?Shall we?4.shall/sh
24、ould（10江苏）江苏）I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_ have it by Friday.A.could B.shall C.must D.may 解析：解析：shall在第二人称中表示在第二人称中表示允诺允诺，还可以表，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。中的要求或规定。答案：答案：BYou shall be punished for what youve d
25、one.你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。1.The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.2.When I was a child,I would often go skiing.我小时候经常去滑雪。3.We would stay up all night talking about our future.那时候我们常常彻夜谈论我们的未来。would 5.will/would可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。可表示经常性、习惯性、倾
26、向性。翻译为翻译为“经常、惯于、总是经常、惯于、总是”。will 表示意志，愿望，决心。表示意志，愿望，决心。Would 表示过去的意志、愿望或决心表示过去的意志、愿望或决心这一用法可以用于各种人称这一用法可以用于各种人称I will give up smoking.-Write to me when you get home.-_.A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can 答案：答案：C 我会的我会的Will/would 在疑问句中在疑问句中用于第二人称时，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。常用句型：Will you please lend me your bi
27、ke?语气委婉一点就用would you please lend me your bike?()-Dont forget to post the letter for me.-No,I _.A.dont B.wont C.mustnt D.cant 表示“我不会忘记的我不会忘记的”()They _ let him in because he was poorly dressed.A.couldnt B.mustnt C.cant D.wouldnt Wouldnt 在此处表示他们不愿意让他进，因在此处表示他们不愿意让他进，因为他穿着太破旧了。为他穿着太破旧了。BD主语若为无生命的东西，主语若为
28、无生命的东西，wont wont 不表示意不表示意志，而用来谈论事物的自然属性，表示拒志，而用来谈论事物的自然属性，表示拒绝，意为绝，意为“不肯不肯”、就是不就是不”、或、或“怎怎么也不能么也不能”。The window wont open.=The window refuses to open.这窗户打不开。这窗户打不开。e.g.Ive tried several times,but the car just _.A.doesnt startB.wouldnt startC.wont start D.didnt startC6.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、d
29、are 情态动词(+动词原形)行为动词 .needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化;2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中;*在在if/whether之后之后;*或与或与hardly,never,no one,nobody连用连用;3.3.常以常以neednt 和和darent 的形式出现的形式出现;4.4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句多用于肯定句;sb need to do sb dare to doSth need to be done=sth need doing 1.Need 作为情太动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原
30、形。词义“必要”，need 情太动词提问，肯定回答用must,否定回答用 neednt,neednt do sth 表示没有必要做某事。2.Need作实义动词，词义“需要”，有人称和数的变化，有时态的变化。作实义动词的句式如下：sb need to do sth sb need sb to do sth sb need sth to be done sb/sth need to be done =sb/sth need doing(用doing 主动形式表示被动意义）1.判断正误判断正误:How dare you say such a thing?How dare you to say suc
31、h a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd,did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These di
32、shes need cleaning carefully.表示否定的情态动词的用法表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。之一。mustnt 不准不准,禁止禁止 neednt 没必要没必要(=dont have to)cant 不能不能;不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以;可能不可能不shouldnt 不应该不应该(=ought not to)（10湖南）3.You_ buy a gift,but you can if you want to.A.must B.mustnt C.have to D.dont have t
33、o 考点：情态动词考点：情态动词解析：解析：dont have to 意为意为“没有必要没有必要”，符合，符合语境，句意为：语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。你想买的话，你也可以买。”答案：答案：D情态动词情态动词+have+过去分词过去分词must have donecan/could+have doneshould/ought to+have donemay/might+have done neednt+have done路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。路上是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。The road is wet.It_ _ _last ni
34、ght.-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustnt答案：答案：Cmust have rained must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测。表示对过去肯定的推测。1.仅用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的仅用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测，推测，“一定一定 准是准是”2.反意疑问句：反意疑问句：didnt 或者或者 havent.He must have studied English last night,didnt he?因为有
35、因为有last night,表示的是过去的时间状语，表示的是过去的时间状语，所以用所以用didnt。He must have studied English for years,hasnt he?因为有因为有for years 表示一段时间，持续至今，表示一段时间，持续至今，所以用现在完成时。所以用现在完成时。can/could+have done表示对过去否定表示对过去否定疑问的推测。疑问的推测。1.只能用在否定和疑问句中。只能用在否定和疑问句中。2.时间上都表示过去，语气上时间上都表示过去，语气上can比比could更肯定更肯定3.could+have done 常表示对过去可能常表示对过
36、去可能做而没有做某事的遗憾，不高兴。做而没有做某事的遗憾，不高兴。She _ have left school,for her bike is still here.A.cant B wouldnt C shouldnt D neednt答案：答案：AHe paid for a seat,when he _have entered free.A.could B.would C.must D.need答案：答案：Ashould/ought to+have done1.肯定句中，表示过去应该做而实际上肯定句中，表示过去应该做而实际上没有做的事。没有做的事。2.否定句中，表示不该做而实际上做了。否定
37、句中，表示不该做而实际上做了。3.ought to 比比should 口气更强烈口气更强烈Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D having told答案：答案：Amay/might+have done 对过去某事可对过去某事可能性的推测。能性的推测。1.might 比比may的可能性更小的可能性更小2.might have done 表示表示“本该本该 而而 没没”.表示委婉的责备、遗憾、愤怒。表示委婉的责备、遗憾、愤怒。3.如果主句动词是过去时，间接引
38、语只能用如果主句动词是过去时，间接引语只能用 might have done4.may+have done 只能用于肯定或否定句只能用于肯定或否定句中。中。-Where is my book?I remember I put it here yesterday.-You _ it in the wrong place.A must put B.should have put C.might put Dmight have put答案：答案：DHe _you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might giv
39、e C.may have given D.may give答案：答案：Aneednt+have done 表示做了没有必要的表示做了没有必要的事。只用在否定和疑问句中。事。只用在否定和疑问句中。-Joe,I have cleaned the room for you-Thanks.You _it.I could manage it myself.A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt have done 答案：答案：B比较：比较：She neednt have come to see me yesterday.She didn
40、t need to come to see me yesterday最新高考真题链接最新高考真题链接2010届高考真题再现（10四川）四川）1._ I take the book out?Im afraid not.A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need考点：考查情态动词。考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词解析：表请求可用情态动词can,may,could,might,表允许用表允许用can,may.句意为：句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“”“恐怕不恐怕不行行”。故应选表。故应选表请求请求的情态动词的情态动词may。正确答案为。正确答案为B
41、。答案：答案：B（10浙江）浙江）4.“You _ have a wrong number,”she said.“Theres no one of that name here.”A.need B.can C.must D.would 考点：情态动词考点：情态动词解析：肯定猜测，用解析：肯定猜测，用must答案：答案：C（10全国全国）5.Im afraid Mr.Harding _see you now.Hes busy.A.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测
42、时，要用用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。答案：答案：AYes,we can.Can we pass our college entrance examination after two years?Have a discussion:What can we senior school students do at school?What cant/mustnt we do at school?What do we have to do at school?What?翻译句子翻译句子(利用情态动词利用情态动词)1.1.昨晚那间屋子着火了，但那家人都逃了出来昨晚那间屋子着火了，但那家人都逃了出
43、来;2.2.我不会告诉老师这件事我不会告诉老师这件事;3.3.办公室不能抽烟办公室不能抽烟 ;4.4.灯还亮着，他肯定在书房读小说灯还亮着，他肯定在书房读小说;1.The house caught fire last night,but the family was all able to escape.翻译句子翻译句子(利用情态动词利用情态动词)4.The light is still on.He must be reading in the study.3.You mustnt smoke in the office.2.I wont tell the teacher about it.R
44、eview the usage of modal verbs and finish the exercise paper 2.熟悉情态动词委婉用法：熟悉情态动词委婉用法：could,would,might等情态动词均等情态动词均有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是有委婉用法，它们不是过去式而是表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用表示语气委婉、客气、礼貌，常用与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，与疑问句，并多用于习惯表达，如如would you please,would you mind,would you like to等，等，might还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示还可以用于肯定句表示推测，表示可能性小，可能性小，might和和could表示征求表示征求对方意见时，回答必须还成对方意见时，回答必须还成may,can.4.would与与used to 的区别的区别 would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向 “总是总是,总要总要”used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常过去常常”used to 可于状态动词连用可于状态动词连用would不可以不可以
