1、初中英语语法基础祈使句和感叹句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）一、祈使句知识点讲解 一）、概念：祈使句是指用来表达要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱或建议别人做或不做一件事的句子类型。它的主语是you（听话的对象），通常省略。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。二）、祈使句的用途：1、表请求例句：Pass me the sugar, please. 请把糖递给我。2、表命令例句：Put up your hands. 举手。3、表建议例句：Lets have dinner together. 我们共进晚餐吧。4、表邀请例句：Come in and have a seat. 进来请坐。5、表叮嘱例句
2、：Hurry up or you will be late.抓紧点，不然你要迟到了。6、表劝告例句：Dont touch the exhibits.不要触摸展品。7、表祝愿例句：Have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快。三）、祈使句的分类：祈使句根据用途和讲话的对象可分为第二人称祈使句及第、三人称祈使句两大类。(1) 第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者提出要求、命令或劝告。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：Stand up !Close the door, please !Dont play with fire !但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，以便
3、指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：Go the front, Parents with children!Come in，everybody! 有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：Dont you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!(2)第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议或邀请。如：Let me make a cup of tea for you! Let us go home! Let him be
4、 here by 10 oclock四）、祈使句的句型：1. Do型： (即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思源明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。2. Be型： (即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型： (即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。五）、祈使句的否定形式：1. Do型和Be型的否
5、定式：在句首加dont构成.如:Dont forget me!不要忘记我!Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种：“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”.如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go.别让他走.3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句. 如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!六）、祈使句的反意疑问句1、 动词原形开头的祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, wont you,
6、would you等：例句：Try to be back by two, wont you? 设法两点之前回来，好吗?注意：若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you：例句：Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。注意：有时根据语境的需要，反意疑问句也可以用can you, cant you 。一般说来，用will you, wont you, would you 等构成的反意疑问句语气较委婉。2、 当祈使句为Lets时，反意疑问句总是用 shall we。3、 当祈使句为Let us时，若表示请求，反意疑问句用will
7、you，若表示建议，反意疑问句用 shall we。例句：Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?注意：lets只表示建议，所以其后反意疑问句总是用shall we。而let us既可表示建议请求，也可表示建议(较正式)，其后的反意疑问句要根据这两种不同情况分别使用will you和shall we。4、 其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：Listen to
8、me，will you?Dont tell anyone about it，will you?【重点回顾：】肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never或Dont。以let引导的祈使句结构，有以下几种情况：1.“Let me+动词原形”，意为“请让我”。2.“Lets +动词原形”，意为“让我们”，表示建议或请求。3.“Let+第三人称作宾语+动词原形”，意为“让”，表示愿望、命令或允许。在开头的动词原形前加Do（务必）或Always（永远），表示强调。如： Do write to us often! 务必经常给我们写信。祈使句同步练习：一、根据汉语意
9、思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 不要再迟到了。 _ _ late again. 2. 小心！前面有车开过来了。_ _ ! There is a car coming.3. 请进来！_ _, please! 4. 请大家翻开书！Please _ _ books! 5. 让我们来帮你吧。_ _ _ you. 6. 务必告诉他这个消息！ _ _ him the news!二、单项选择。( )7. _ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. To try B. Trying C. Try D. Tried( )8. _ the radio, ple
10、ase. The baby is sleeping now. A. Not turn on B. Dont turn on C. Not turn down D. Dont turn down( )9. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steven.OK, I _. A. will B. wont C. do D. dont( )10. Peter, dont step on the grass._. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont
11、 do it again( )11. Remember to ask her to call me back. _.A. Never mind B. Thats right C. Up to you D. All right( )12. Lets go out and enjoy the sunshine._. Its boring to stay at home.A. Sounds great B. Not at all C. Forget it D. No way( )13. _ late for school again, Tim!Sorry, I promise that I _.A.
12、 Dont; wont B. Dont be; wont C. Dont be; dont D. Dont; will( )14. Boys and girls, _ up your hands if you want to go for a picnic this weekend.A. putting B. to put C. put D. puts( )15. Dont make so much noise， _？A. will you B. wont you C. shall we D. do you( )16. Do you know the girl _under the tree？
13、A. stand B. to stand C. standing D. stood( )17. Kate， _ your homework here tomorrow.A. bring B. brings C. to bring D. bringing( )18. _ me the truth， or Ill be angry.A. Telling B. To tell C. Told D. Tell( )19. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read( )20. _
14、 cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A. Not B. Wont C. Doesnt D. Dont三、使用祈使句翻译下列句子。1.咱们一起玩吧! _2.请不要迟到!_3.回答这个问题. _4. 别那么写!_5.告诉我你的名字! _6. 一定要勇敢! _7. 来加入我们吧!_8. 别浪费时间!_9. 我们周日去游泳吧!_10. 禁止吸烟!_二、感叹句知识点讲解 一）、概念：感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情、表达感叹的句子类型，通常由how或what来引导。二）、感叹句的句式结构：1. 由what引导的感叹句What +名词
15、What +a/an +形容词+名词（+主语+谓语+其他）+ ! 例：What a clever boy he is! 或 What an interesting story it is! What+ 形容词+复数名词（+主语+谓语+其他）+ !例：What beautiful flowers they are! What+ 形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语+其他）+ !例：What cold weather it is!2. 由how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词 How +形容词（+ a +名词）+（主语+谓语+其他）+ !例：How clever a boy he is! How ta
16、ll he is! How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）+ !例：How lovely the baby is! How well she sings!三）、感叹句中how与what的区别：1. 意思不同 how：怎样，如何（后接形容词或副词）多少。 what：多么，真，太。2. 用法不同 how： how作“多么,多少”时，指达到什么程度，后接形容词或副词。how可与形容词一起构成表语。how还常用于感叹句中，修饰谓语动词，在句中作状语，表示程度，意为“多么，何等”。 what： what的感叹句用来感叹名词，被感叹的名词既可以是可数名词（单数形式或复专数形式），也可以是不可数名词。3
17、. 侧重点不同 how：how作程度副词，用来强调形容词或副词。how后面要紧接形容词或副词。 what：what作名词性代词，用来强调名词。what要着眼于后面的名词，中间可以加冠词和形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。【重点回顾：】what通常修饰名词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1. What + a(n) +形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语+其他！2. What +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语+其他！3. What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他！how通常修饰副词或形容词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1. How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语！感叹句同步练习：一、选词填空。（Wha
18、t / What a / What an / How ）1. _ nice girl she is !2. _ careful the boy is !3. _ beautiful flowers they are !4. _ delicious the food tastes !5. _ exciting film we saw yesterday !6. _ wonderful news it is !7. _ the time flies ! 8. _ good time we are having !9. _ beautiful music we are listening to!10
19、. Look! _beautiful that lake is!二、单项选择。( )11. What a friendly person _! We all like talking with him. A. is it B. is he C. it is D. he is( )12. _ swimming in this river!A. How great fun B. What great fun C. How a great fun D. What a great fun ( )13. _ sad news it is! We must try our best to help the
20、m out of trouble. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How( )14. What _ fine weather we have these days! A. a B. the C. / D. an( )15. _ lovely day! Lets go for a walk. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a ( )16. _ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a( )17. _ great time we
21、had last week!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a( )18. _ man he is!A. What strange a B. How a strange C. What a strange D. What strange ( )19. _ interesting it is to swim in the sea.A. How B. What a C. What D. How a( )20. _ the soup tastes! A. How good B. How well C. What good D. What well三、按要求完成下面的句
22、子，每空一词。21. These flowers are very beautiful. (改为感叹句)_ _ these flowers are!22. The little boy is very clever. (改为感叹句) _ _ the little boy is!23. Its a funny story. (改为感叹句) _ _ _ story it is!24. What a good girl she is! (改为同义句) _ _ _ girl she is!25. How delicious the food is! (改为同义句) _ _ food it is!26.
23、 They are running fast. (改为感叹句) _ _ they are running!27. Her sister is a very lovely girl. (改为感叹句) _ _ lovely girl her sister is! _ _ her sister is!28. I have read a very interesting book. (改为感叹句) _ _ _ book I have read!29. Your dictionary is very useful. (改为感叹句) _ _ your dictionary is!30. The children are singing and dancing happily. (改为感叹句) _ _ the children are singing and dancing!
