1、Sentence Types1.Simple,Compound,Complex,and Compound-Complex Sentences2.Loose,Periodic and Balanced Sentences3.Short and Long Sentencessimple sentence(简单句)compound sentence(并列句)complex sentence(复合句)compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)1.GrammaticallySIMPLE SENTENCE:subject+predicate-verbA simple sentence
2、 has only one subject and one predicate-verb,but it may contain more than one object,attribute or adverb.1.Would you tell the way to the Astor Hotel?2.Do not disturb your brother!3.When did you join the club?4.What a lovely girl she is!COMPOUND SENTENCE:simple sentences+simple sentence A compound se
3、ntence contains at least two independent clauses.They are linked by a coordinating conjunction(and,but,or,so,for),by correlative conjunctions(bothand,not only.but also,as.as),by transitional words(however,moreover,therefore),by a semicolon or by a colon.Examples？Compound sentences:1.It never rains,b
4、ut it pours.(coordinating conjunctions)2.The man of knowledge must be able to love his enemies but also to hate his friends.(correlative conjunctions)3.Aerobic exercises can help lower blood pressure;however,people with high blood pressure should still limit salt intake.(transitional words)4.He is a
5、 man of principle;we all respect him.(semicolon)5.He got his orders:he was to leave for Japan the next day.(colon)Finish the practice in class on P93.COMPLEX SENTENCE:independent clause+dependent clauseA complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses,with a subord
6、inating conjunction denoting the logical relation between the two parts.As a rule,the major idea is expressed in the independent clause and the less important ideas is expressed in the dependent clauses.The dependent clause may play the part of a subject,an object,a predicative(表语),an attribute(定语),
7、or an adverbial in the main clause.Examples?Finish the practice in class on P96.COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE:simple sentence(s)+complex sentence(s)A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clausea combination of a compound and a complex sentence.1.
8、After I returned to school following a long illness,the math teacher gave me make-up work,but the history teacher made me drop her course.2.When the power line snapped,Tom was listening to the stereo,and Teresa was reading in bed.3.Lisa disliked walking home from the bus stop,because the street had
9、no overhead light and it was lined with abandoned buildings.Finish the practice in class on page 97.RhetoricallyA loose sentence(松散句松散句),puts the main idea before all supplementary information;in other words,it puts first things first.The readers know what it is mainly about when he has read the fir
10、st few words.2.Loose,Periodic and Balanced Sentences Basic statement:Bells rang.Loose sentence:Bells rang,bringing people into the streets to hear the news.Basic statement:The teacher considered him a good student.Loose sentence:The teacher considered him a good student,steady if not inspired,willin
11、g if not eager and responsible for his work.A periodic sentence(圆周句圆周句):the main idea is expressed at or near the end of a sentence,and it is not grammatically complete until the end is reached.The reader does not know what it is mainly about until he finishes the periodic sentence.Delay is the secr
12、et weapon of the periodic sentence.Basic statement:The cat scratched Cathy.Periodic statement:Suddenly,for no apparent reason,the loveable cat scratched Cathy.Basic statement:Love is blind.Periodic statement:Love,as everyone knows,is blind.How to construct periodic/loose sentences?1.Expand the subje
13、ct by description,appositive,adjective,prepositional phrase,participle,etc.The girl is beautiful.The girl in red is beautiful.The girl,the one dancing in the middle,is beautiful.2.Expand the verb by showing how its action progresses.The boy bought a big house.The boy,with the fortunes he obtained fr
14、om writing,bought a big house.3.Expand the object by appositives.I saw a beautiful girl.I saw a beautiful girl,Kay.Balanced sentence:Parallel structure of the same length and importanceThey are emphatic,forceful,impressive for the contrast,and pleasing to hear for the rhythm,but you should avoid mon
15、otonousness and faulty parallelism.A weak nation can defeat a strong;a small nation can defeat a big.Speech is silver;silence is gold.Practice on P98/1003.Short and Long Sentences Short sentence:fewer than 15 wordslong sentence:longer than 20 wordsShort sentences are usually emphatic,brief and clear
16、,suitable for the presentation of important facts and ideas,and for the effect of urgency.(at the start and at the end of a paragraph)Long sentences are capable of expressing complicated ideas,giving detailed description and explanation of views and theories.(in the body of a paragraph)Finish the practice in class on P107.
