1、虚拟语气虚拟语气高三语法复习高三语法复习Subjunctive Mood 1.英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和祈使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气。2.2.定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发生不可能发生或可能性比较小可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同
2、位语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、几种特殊的虚拟语气五、几种特殊的虚拟语气一、非真实条件句一、非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，现的，句中的句中的条件从句条件从句与与结果主句结果主句皆用皆用虚拟语气虚拟语气。if条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与与现在现在事实相事实相反反If 主语主语did（be用用were）主语主语should/would/could/might do与与过去过去事实相事实相反反If 主语主语had+动词过去分词动词过去分词主语主语should/would/
3、could/might have done与与将来将来事实相事实相反反If 主语主语did（be用用were）should动词原形动词原形 were to动词原形动词原形主语主语should/would/could/might do考题点击：考题点击：I am not free today.If I _free today,I _ and visit some of my friends.A.am will go B.were,would go C.shall be D.be,must go2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday,he _ me from goi
4、ng.A.had been,would have prevented B.had been,would prevent C.were,would prevent D.were,would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom,what _ you _ me to tell him?A.are,going to ask B.do,ask C.would,ask D.did,askBAC注意注意1、陈述语气与虚拟语气、陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题典型例题1)The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will ra
5、in B.rains C.rained D.is rained2)-Would you have called her up _ possible?-Yes,but I _ busy doing my homework.A.had it been wasB.if it was were C.if it had been had been D.if it were would beB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真实。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，
6、主句用问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用 would have called,从句从句中与过去相反的动词形式为中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示的是；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A 注意2.虚拟倒装虚拟倒装句句1.Were it(=If it were)not for their help,we couldnt have got over the difficulties.2.Had I(=If I had)known about it,I would have told you.3.Should anyone(=If anyone
7、should)call,please take a message.What would have happened,_ as far as the river bank?(01 上海上海)Bob had walked fartherB.if Bob should walk fartherC.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked fartherC 注意注意3.错综条件句错综条件句 (主从句描述的时间不一致）主从句描述的时间不一致）If you _ him yesterday,you _ what to do now.asked would knowB.ha
8、d asked would have knownC.asked him knowD.had asked would knowDIf you _(not buy)the ticket last week,how _ you go now?If I _(be)you,I _(take)his advice then.hadnt boughtwere would have takenwould 注意注意4.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现现if引导的条件句，而通过其他代替条件句。引导的条件句，而通过其他代替条件句。I
9、was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.But for your help,I would not have succeeded.Without you help,I wouldnt have achieved so much.I went by plane;otherwise I _ much longer time.A.coul
10、d take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D2.Without your help,we _ such rapid progress.A.couldnt make B.wouldnt makeC.will not have made D.wouldnt have made3.Jack _ yet,otherwise he would have phoned me.A.mustnt have arrivedB.shouldnt have arrivedC.cant have arrived D.neednt have arr
11、ivedDC二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.“wish+宾语从句宾语从句”“if only+句子句子”用在虚拟语气中用在虚拟语气中,表不能实现的愿望表不能实现的愿望 wish+宾语从句宾语从句1一般过去式一般过去式 （表（表“现在现在的假设的假设”)2.would/could do(表表“将来将来的假设的假设”)3.had done 或或would/could have done （表（表“过去过去的假设的假设”)werehad studiedwould rainI wish I_(be)as tall as you.I wish I _(study)harder befo
12、re.I wish it (rain)tomorrow If only+从句从句!=How I wish+从句从句!要是就好了要是就好了1).Ifonlyhecould come!(他要能来就好了)=HowIwishhecouldcome!2).IfonlyIhad knowntheanswer!(我要早知答案就好了.)=HowIwishIhadknowntheanswer!比较比较if only与与only if（只有）只有）I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung
13、.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlieC(lie 躺，躺，lay,lain)2.在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词动词原形原形的虚拟语气形式。的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。可以省略。常见的动词有常见的动词有:一个坚持一个坚持insist;两个命令两个命令order,command;三条建议三条建议suggest,advise,propose;四项要求四项要求demand,request,re
14、quire,desire;注意注意:suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 时时 insist表表坚持认为，坚坚持认为，坚持说持说时不用虚拟语气时不用虚拟语气He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.The doctor suggested that she(should)have an operation at once.考题点击：考题点击：1.I went to bed early last night,but I wish I so.A.didnt do B.hadnt don
15、e C.havent done D.couldnt do 2.How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.A.has B.had C.will had D.had had 3.The teacher ordered that students_.A.mustnt smoke B.not smoke C.smoked D.had smoked4.The teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock.A.finished B.finish C.should fini
16、sh D.be finished BBBD三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气基本句型：基本句型：1.It be+过去分词过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposedIt is required that nobody(should)smoke here.Its suggested that everybody(should)buy a dictionary.2.It be+形容词形容词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+形容词:important,necessary,natu
17、ral,right,proper,funny,strange,surprising It is necessary that we(should)have a walk now.Its important that we(should)take good care of the patient.3.It be+名词（名词（a pity/a shame/no wonder）that +(should)+动词原形动词原形+考题点击：考题点击：Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takes B.has to take C.must takeD.ta
18、ke2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.A.should allow B.be allowed C.will be allowed D.is allowedDBB四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语
19、从句中等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形动词原形。My suggestion is that we(should)leave at once.1)表语从句表语从句:2)同位语从句同位语从句:I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.考题点击：考题点击：His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try2.He gave an advice
20、that they _ each other.A.helped B.must help C.help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A.be sent B.have sent C.sent D.should sentACA谓语动词谓语动词1.did（表现在的假设）（表现在的假设）2.had done （表过去的假设）（表过去的假设）3.would/might/could done（表将来的假设）（表将来的假设）五五 几种特殊的虚拟语气几种特殊的虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在
21、as if(as though)引导的从句中引导的从句中1)People treat me as if I _a superstar.(be)2)He looked at me as though I _ something.(steal)werehadstolen2.用在用在lest（以免）（以免）,for fear that（以免）（以免）和和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用(should)+动词原形动词原形1.She closed the windows lest she _cold.（感冒）2.He took his raincoat wi
22、th him for fear that_ (下雨）3.Heres some money in case you should need it.catchit rain考题点击：考题点击：1.We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing2.He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _.A.may explore B.exploded C.explode D.had explode3.When a pencil is
23、partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaksB.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenCCC 3.Its(about/high)time 从句：从句：It is(about/high)time that 后面的从句谓语动词要后面的从句谓语动词要用用过去式过去式或用或用should加动词原形加动词原形，但，但should不可省不可省略略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.注：注：在在this is/was the first/second time that句型中，句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Is this the first time that you have visited Hong Kong？这是你第一次参观香港吗？这是你第一次参观香港吗？5.Would rather 宁愿宁愿 would rather +句子句子 did (与现在，将来相反与现在，将来相反)had done（与过去相反）（与过去相反）注注 would rather do sth
