初中英语语法名词课件.ppt

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1、同学们同学们:加油加油!一、什么是一、什么是“名词名词”及及名词的分类名词的分类 二、可数名词变复数的规则二、可数名词变复数的规则 三、不可数名词三、不可数名词 四、名词所有格四、名词所有格 五、练习五、练习 、典型例题分析、练习()()()(4)(1)(2)名词名词:表示一类事物名称的词。表示一类事物名称的词。类别类别用法用法例词例词 普普通通名名词词可数名词可数名词个体名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体表示某类人或东西中的个体P e n,s t u d e n t,P e n,s t u d e n t,deskdesk集体名词集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体表示若干个个体组成的集合体

2、School,family,School,family,classclass不可数名词不可数名词物质名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物表示无法分为个体的实物Tea,water,paperTea,water,paper抽象名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念等抽象概念Work,time,newsWork,time,news专专有有名名词词某个(些)人,地方,机构等某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称专有的名称Marx,Shanghai,Marx,Shanghai,china,The Great china,The Great Wall,PartyWall,P

3、arty返回1.1.规则变化规则变化2.2.不规则变化不规则变化1 1、一般加、一般加-s,-s,如如:maps,carsmaps,cars 2 2、以、以s s,x x,sh,sh,ch ch 结尾的加结尾的加-eses;如:如:dish-dishes dish-dishes 3 3、以辅音字母加、以辅音字母加y y结尾的结尾的 ,先变先变y y为为i i ,再加再加-eses;如:如:baby-babiesbaby-babies,family-families4 4、以、以f,fef,fe结尾的名词,通常要变结尾的名词,通常要变f f 或或fefe为为v,v,再加再加-eses;如如:le

4、af-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;leaf-leaves,wife-wives,life-lives,thief-thieves;注注:belief-beliefsbelief-beliefs(信心)(信心),roof-roofs,roof-roofs(屋顶)(屋顶),safe-safessafe-safes(保险箱)(保险箱),gulf-gulfs,gulf-gulfs(海湾)则直接加(海湾)则直接加s s 5 5、以、以o o 结尾的名词,变复数时:结尾的名词,变复数时:a.a.加加s s,如:,如:photo photo phot

5、os,piano photos,piano pianos,kilo-kilos,radio pianos,kilo-kilos,radio radios,zoo radios,zoo zoos zoos;b.b.加加eses,如:,如:potato potato potatoes potatoes,tomatotomatotomatoes,hero tomatoes,hero heroes(heroes(英雄英雄)改变部分字母:改变部分字母:woman-women妇女,妇女,man-men男男人,人,policeman-polimen警察警察child-children孩子,孩子,mouse-

6、mice老鼠老鼠,foot-feet脚脚,tooth-teeth牙牙,单、复数同形:单、复数同形:yuan元元,people人、人民人、人民,Chinese中国人,中国人,Japanese日本日本人人,sheep绵羊绵羊,deer,fish,关于关于“国人国人”的复数:的复数:中、日友好:中、日友好:Chinese-Chinese中国人,中国人,Japanese-Japanese日本人日本人英、法联邦:英、法联邦:Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人法国男

7、人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人法国女人;澳、加(真)美澳、加(真)美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-Americans 返回不可数名词:(前面不能用不可数名词:(前面不能用a,ana,an等来修饰)等来修饰)到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有:液体类液体类(water)water):juice(juice(果法果法),),teatea(茶)(茶),soupsoup(汤)(汤),milkmilk(牛奶)(牛奶),colacola(可乐)(可乐),coffeecoffe

8、e(咖啡)(咖啡),肉类肉类(meat)meat):beefbeef(牛肉)(牛肉),porkpork(猪肉)(猪肉),muttonmutton(羊肉)(羊肉)粉末类:粉末类:breadbread(面包)(面包),抽象名词类:抽象名词类:newsnews(新闻,消息)(新闻,消息),informationinformation(消息)(消息),moneymoney(钱)(钱),adviceadvice(建意)(建意),friendshipfriendship(友谊)(友谊),workwork(工作)(工作),homeworkhomework(家庭(家庭作业)作业),houseworkhouse

9、work(家务活)(家务活),schoolworkschoolwork(学业)(学业),helphelp(帮助)(帮助),fun fun(乐(乐趣)趣),healthhealth(健康)(健康),price price(价格)(价格)食物类(食物类(food)food):broccolibroccoli(花椰菜)(花椰菜),rice,rice(大米,米饭)(大米,米饭),porridge,porridge(粥(粥),junk food),junk food(垃圾食品)(垃圾食品),chocolate,chocolate(巧克力)(巧克力),tofu,tofu(豆腐)(豆腐)不可数名词计量的表达

10、不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词:个数单位词:piece piece(张、片、块、条)(张、片、块、条),容器单位词:容器单位词:bottlebottle(瓶)(瓶),bag,bag(包)(包),box,box(盒、箱)(盒、箱),类别单位词:类别单位词:kind(kind(种、类种、类)度量衡单位词:度量衡单位词:kilo(kilo(千克、公斤千克、公斤)返回名词所有格:名词所有格:表示表示“(某人)的(某人)的”:一般在名词后加一般在名词后加s构成。构成。如:如:Jimsmother吉姆的妈妈吉姆的妈妈Myteachersdesk我老我老师的桌子师的桌子thedogsname那狗的名字那狗

11、的名字若以若以S结尾词,则在结尾词,则在S后加后加.如:如:theboys那些男孩的。那些男孩的。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。表示几个人共同的东西,只在最后一个人后加。如:如:LucyandLilysmother。Lucy和和Lily的妈妈(两人是姐妹)的妈妈(两人是姐妹)表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。表示几个人都分别有的东西,则每个都加。如:如:LucysandLilysmothers.Lucy的妈妈和的妈妈和Lily的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)的妈妈(两人不是姐妹)一般一般用用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:结构来表示无生命的名词所有格:如:如:thedoorofth

12、eroom房间的门房间的门amapofChina一一张中国地图张中国地图thephotosofmymysister我妹妹的照片我妹妹的照片双重所有格双重所有格,例:,例:a friend of my fathers,a classmate of mine返回 典型题例分析 例例1 1 下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:下列几组复数名词中,每组都有一个错词,请指出:1 A.Chinese B.Frenchmen C.Englishmen D.Germen2.A.tomatoes B.photos C.radioes D.potatoes3.A.desks B.Americans C.

13、friends D.breads4.A.stories B.families C.plays D.keies5.A.leaves B.knives C.rooves D.shelves 6.A.clothes B.monthes C.mouths D.fifths返回例2 判断下列文哪句译正确:多好的消息啊!A.What a good news it is!B.What good news it is!A.What a good news it is!B.What good news it is!例3 单项选择 What you need is moreWhat you need is mor

14、e.Dont always do your .Dont always do your at your desk.at your desk.A.A.exercise;exercise B.exercises;exersises exercise;exercise B.exercises;exersises C.exercises;exercise D.exercise;exercises C.exercises;exercise D.exercise;exercises 例4 单项选择 All the All the teachers and teachers and students are

15、having a party.students are having a party.A.women;girls B.women;girl A.women;girls B.women;girl C.woman;girls D.woman;girlC.woman;girls D.woman;girl 例5 改错 My trousers are too long,but hers is too short.My trousers are too long,but hers is too short.返回例6 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空:I dont think mathsI dont thin

16、k maths (be)easy.(be)easy.例7 单项选择:MabelMabel gave me gave me.A.two bread B.some breads C.a piece bread D.two pieces of bread A.two bread B.some breads C.a piece bread D.two pieces of bread 例8 改错:Shall I wait for you at the schools gate at five this after-noon?Shall I wait for you at the schools gate

17、 at five this after-noon?例9 单项选择:mother is a worker.mother is a worker.A.A.Mary and Mikes B.Marys and Mikes Mary and Mikes B.Marys and Mikes C.Marys aneC.Marys ane Mike D.Mary and Mike Mike D.Mary and Mike 返回例10 单项选择:1.After the exams,we shall have holiday.A.two months B.two-month C.a two month D.a

18、two months 2.Mr Smith is.A.English B.Englishman C.Englishwoman D.Englishmen3.Wang Lei was born in Wuhan,but Guangzhou has become her second.A family B.home C.house D.country 4.Most Englist peoples family name comes A.first B.middle C.last D.together 5.There is a over the river.A.ship B.boat C.bridge

19、 D.village 例13 改错 Youd better have walk after supper.返回1The two girls are (Japan).2.The (baby)are asleep.3.Do you know the two (man teacher)?4.The (child)are washing their (foot).5.There are two (people)and lots of (sheep)in the fields.6.September 10 is (teacher)Day.7.I think physics (be)more intere

20、sting than maths.8.Dont you think the (radio)are too noisy?9.Whose (knife)are these?10.“Whose house is this?”“Its the (Smith)”.返回 单项选择:1.The boy dropped the and broke it.A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup2.In time,those mountains will be covered with trees,too.A.few years B.

21、a few years C.a few year D.a few years3.Granny is badly ill.We have to take her to the .A.farm B.post office C.ship D.hospital4.I have to tell you.A.a news B.many news C.a good piece of news D.many newses5.are sold in that shop.A.Mens and childrens shoes B.Mens and childs shoesC.Mens and children sh

22、oes D.Man and child shoes6.If anyone comes to see me,ask him to leave a .A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice7.Miss Smith is a friend of .A.Marys mothers B.Marys mother C.Mary mothers D.Mothers of Mary.8.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller .A.piece B.kind C.copy D.pair9.Its my dog.A.sister

23、 Lilys B.sisters Lilys C.sister Lily D.sisters Lily10.She had beautiful black but I could see some white .A.hair;hair B.hairs;hairs C.hair;hairs D.hairs;hair返回名称名称 总称总称(谓语用复数谓语用复数)一个人一个人 两个人两个人 中国人中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人澳大利亚人the Australians an Aus

24、tralian two Australians 俄国人俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人美国人the Americans an American two Americans 印度人印度人the Indians an I

25、ndian two Indians 加拿大人加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人英国人the Englishan Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes注意:与注意:与 man 和和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和和-women。如:如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但但German不是合成词,故复数

26、形式为不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans 1.1.名词前的修饰词:名词前的修饰词:放在可数名词复数前的有:放在可数名词复数前的有:many(many(许多)许多),fewfew(很少)(很少),a a fewfew(一些)(一些),放在不可数名词复数前的有放在不可数名词复数前的有:much(much(许多)许多),little little(很少)(很少),a a littlelittle(一些)(一些)(可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:可数、不可数前)都可放的词有:a lot of,lots of(a lot of,lots of(许多)许多),some some(一些)(一些)2.2.有

27、一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:如:goodsgoods货物,货物,waterswaters水域,水域,fishesfishes(各种)鱼(各种)鱼3.3.以以s s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.a.maths maths,politicspolitics,physicsphysics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b.b.news news 是不可是不可数名词。数名词。c.c.the United States the United States,the United Nati

28、ons(the United Nations(联合国联合国)应应视为单数。视为单数。d.d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.story-book.是一本非常有趣的故事书。是一本非常有趣的故事书。注:物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,su

29、ch,another,which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a,an,this,that+名词名词+of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine.each brother of his.返回返回复合名词复合名词应该属于一种构词法。之所以把它放到名词来讲,是因为复合名词首先它也属于名词,而且很多都是由名词+名词构成。通过它可以加深我们对名词的理解,扩大我们的词汇量。如:river bank河岸,江岸 winterclothes冬季服装 kitchentable厨房用的桌子 复合名词的意思一般都是构成词的意思而得出的。例如,winterclothes就是winter 冬天+clothes衣服=冬季衣服。不仅仅名词+名词=新名词。复合名词还可以由其他方法构成。例如,名词+动名词:weight-lifting举重;动名词+名词:diningroom餐厅,食堂等等

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