1、 动词的时态动词的时态一般现在时一般现在时1.表示经常发生的动作表示经常发生的动作(习惯性的动作习惯性的动作)或存在的状态或存在的状态.常常always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday 等词连用等词连用.We study English every day.Beijing is the capital of China.My mother always gets up early.He sometimes goes to see a film with his parents.The English teacher said that the earth mo
2、ves around the sun.Light travels faster than sound.The moon travels round the earth.2.表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时间限制限制)The No.5 train leaves at 10:30Our holiday begins in July.3.表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作表示根据计划或时间表将要进行的动作.4.在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句在有时间状语或条件状语从句的主从符复合句中中,如果主句是一般将来时如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时态从句用一般现在时
3、态.I will let you know as soon as he gets here.If you arent here on time tomorrow,I will write to your parents.二二.一般现在时句子结构一般现在时句子结构 主语+is am are+表语主语+do does +(宾语)(1)The father as well as his three children _skating on the frozen river every Sunday after in winter.(06辽辽宁宁)A.is going B.go C.goes D.ar
4、e (2)As you can see,the number of cars on roads _rising these days.(06全全国卷国卷)A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping (3)This machine _.It hasnt worked for years.(06浙江浙江)A.didnt work B.wasnt working C.doesnt work D.isnt working (4)Scientists think that the continents_always where they _today.(05北
5、京北京)A.arent;are B.arent;were C.werent;are D.werent;were (4)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.A.was called B.is called C.had been called D.has been called -What would you do if it _tomorrow?-We have to carry it on,since we have got eve
6、rything ready.(05全国全国)A.rain B.rains C.will rain D.is raining Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026_off at 18:20.(06四川四川)A.takes B.took C.will be taken D.has taken I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage.(06重庆重庆)A.will be repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been
7、 repaired Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_in the clothing industry.(05辽宁辽宁)A.is working B.works C.work D.worked 一般过去时一般过去时1表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与常与yesterday,in 1990,two days ago,three years ago,last week/year/night,the day before yesterday,the other
8、 day,just now,then,at that time 等表示过去的时等表示过去的时间状语连用间状语连用,一般过去时也经常用在没有一般过去时也经常用在没有明确说明过去的时间状语的句子中，如明确说明过去的时间状语的句子中，如：1).My cousin went to Canada two years ago.He _ there for a few months and then went to America.(06江西江西)Aworked B.would workC.would be working D.has been working(2)It is said that the e
9、arly European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.(06辽宁辽宁)Awere being designed B.have designed C.have been designed D.were designed2表示过去发生的一连串动作，如：表示过去发生的一连串动作，如：At last,we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch.(05 上海上海)Asitting
10、B.having sat C.to sit D.sat3表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与生的行为，常与every day,often,sometimes,regularly等时间状语连用，等时间状语连用，“used to+动词原形动词原形”或或“would+动词动词原形原形”常用来表示过去经常或反复发生常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，如：的动作，如：1).He used to walk along the road after supper.他以前晚饭后总是沿着马路散。他以前晚饭后总是沿着马路散。2).He would sit there for
11、hours sometimes,doing nothing at all.他有时他有时一坐就是几个小时一坐就是几个小时,什么也不做。什么也不做。4用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作，常用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语，常用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，如：从句中，如：In a room above the store,where a party _,some workers were busily setting the table.(06湖南湖南)A.was to be held B.has been held C.will be held D.is being
12、 held5用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的用来表示语气委婉或对现在情况的虚拟，如：虚拟，如：Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday.(06全国全国)Awas happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened一般将来时态一般将来时态 1.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.常与常与表示将来的时间状语表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next timeI shall go to see a
13、friend tomorrow.It will be fine this afternoon.You will be a senior students this term.2.口语中常用口语中常用be going to+do 表示已经决定或安排要表示已经决定或安排要做的事情做的事情;表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情表示有迹象表明必然或可能发生的事情.Its going to rain.Im going to meet her at 7:00.3.英语中还用英语中还用be to+或或 to be about to do 表表示将要发生的事情示将要发生的事情The meeting is to
14、be held tomorrow.The film is about to begin.4.许多动词如许多动词如:go,come,leave,start,arrive 等等,可以用可以用进行时表将来进行时表将来.She is coming to see you this morning.The train is leaving.The plane is arriving .一般将来时句子结构一般将来时句子结构 主语主语+shall will +do主语主语+is amare going to +do主语主语+be to+do 主语主语+be about to+do主语主语+be+doing(1
15、)Your job _ open for your return.Thanks.(06北京北京)A.will be kept B.will keep C.had keep D.had been kept(2)As soon as he comes back,Ill tell him when _and see him.(05北京北京)A.you will come B.will you come C.you come D.do you come1）Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.(04全国全国)A.will never reach B.
16、have never reached C.never reach D.never reached(2)_ and Ill get the work finished.A.Have one more hour B.One more hour C.Given one more hour D.If have one more hour 3.一般将来时的表达方式及区别：一般将来时的表达方式及区别：3）am/is/are to+动词原形动词原形表示按计划，预定要做某事，表示按计划，预定要做某事，常表示命令与禁止，意为常表示命令与禁止，意为“应该应该”。2）用）用“will/shall 助动词助动词+动词
17、原形动词原形”表示单纯的将来，表示单纯的将来，不用于条件句，表示必然的将来，也可表意愿与决心。不用于条件句，表示必然的将来，也可表意愿与决心。1）用）用“am/is/are+going to+动词原形动词原形”表示将要发表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，或有客观迹象表生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情，或有客观迹象表明将会发生的预示。明将会发生的预示。4）am/is/are about to+动词原形动词原形或或 am/is/are on the point of doing sth.表示表示“即将或正要做某事即将或正要做某事”，不与时，不与时间状语连用，但可和间状语连用，但可和
18、when从句连用。从句连用。(1)Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I _ her now.(05全国卷全国卷)A.Will be calling B.will call C.call D.am to call(2)Look at these clouds._.A.Itll rain B.Its going to rain C.Itll be raining D.It is to rain(3)In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they _.(
19、01上上海海)A.has survived B.are to survive C.would survive D.will survive1 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现阶段但不一表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作：表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.We ar
20、e leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.The girl is always talking loud in public.（与频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作或某种感情（与频度副词连用，表示经常，反复的动作或某种感情色彩如厌恶，色彩如厌恶，欣赏，表扬等欣赏，表扬等)现在进行时现在进行时1.I dont suppose the police know who did it.Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _ now.(06江苏江苏)Ahas been ques
21、tioned B.is being questioned C.is questioning D.has questioned(2)Listen to the two girls by the window.What language _?(05全国卷全国卷)A.did they speak B.were they speakingC.are they speaking D.have they been speakingProfessor Smith,along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the dead
22、line.(05上海上海)Awork B.working C.is working D.are working Are you still busy?Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.(05浙江浙江)A.just finish B.am just finishing C.have just finished D.am just going to finish2 下列动词不可用进行时。下列动词不可用进行时。表示心理状态，情感的动词：表示心理状态，情感的动词：like,love，hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wi
23、sh,agree,need,mean.表感官的动词：表感官的动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,Sound,taste,look,watch.过去进行时过去进行时1.表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。动词的构成为：。动词的构成为：be(was/were)+doing;过去进行时过去进行时的时间状语常用，的时间状语常用，at eight yesterday morning,from 7:00 to 9:00 last night 2.有时用有时用when,while连词引导的状语从句表示连词引导的状语从句表示3.过去进行
24、时可用来叙述过去经常或反复发生的动过去进行时可用来叙述过去经常或反复发生的动作作4.一些表示位移、方向的动作用过去进行时表示过一些表示位移、方向的动作用过去进行时表示过去将来发生的动作去将来发生的动作5.表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示的表示说话人过去对主语的行为表示的“赞叹赞叹”或或“厌恶厌恶”等，常与等，常与always,constantly,continually等等副词连用副词连用(1)Whats wrong with your coat?(05重庆重庆)Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me _ on i
25、t.A.sat B.had sat C.had been sitting D.was sitting(2)Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didnt want her parents to know what she _.(05辽宁辽宁)A.has done B.had done C.was doing D.is doing（1）As she _ the newspaper,Granny_ asleep.(NMET 95)A.read,was falling B.was reading,fellC.was
26、 reading,was falling D.read,fell(2)I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.(06安徽安徽)A.went;was occurring B.went;occurredC.was going;occurred D.was going;had occurredWhat were you doing when Tony phoned you?I had finished my work and _ to take a shower.(04天津天津)A.had starte
27、d B.started C.have started D.was starting现在完成时现在完成时1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果成的影响和结果,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词暂性动词.2未完成用法未完成用法,表示过去已经开始表示过去已经开始,持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态的动作或状态,可能持续下去可能持续下去,也可能刚刚结束也可能刚刚结束,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词I have read the book.He has opened the
28、door.Have you seen a book here?I have lived here since my childhood.We have learned English for four years.It has been(is)six years since he left here.(1)We _our new neighbors yet,so we dont know their names.(06上海上海)A.dont meet B.wont meet C.havent met D.hadnt met(2)The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt
29、 taste like anything I _ before.(05全国全国)A.was having B.have C.have ever had D.had ever had(3)My brother is an actor.He _ in several films so far.(05 浙江浙江)A.appears B.appeared C.has appeared D.is appearing(1)The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.(05山东山东)A.change B.has changed C.changin
30、g D.have changed(2)The window is dirty,I know.It _for weeks.(o4全国全国)A.hasnt cleaned B.didnt clean C.wasnt cleaned D.hasnt been cleaned(1)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _that they wont support him nunless he can borrow money from the bank.(05湖北湖北)A.were deciding B.have decided C.decided D
31、.will decide(2)-Where _ the recorder?-I cant see it anywhere.I _it right here,but now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting 过去完成时过去完成时1,表示到过去的某一时刻为止已经完成的表示到过去的某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态动作或存在的状态,这个时间可用短语或从句这个时间可用短语或从句来表示来表示,也可由上下文来加以也可由上下文来加以 衬托衬托,它在
32、时间它在时间上的意义是上的意义是过去的过去过去的过去(1)The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous.She _before.A.hasnt flown B.didnt fly C.hadnt flown D.wasnt flying (2)The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box,which _placed under the Ministers car.(05 广东广东)A.have been B.was being C.had
33、been D.would be-Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.-Oh!I thought they _without me.(05江西江西)A.went B.are going C.have gone D.had gone When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _itself behind the mountain.A.started;had already B.had started;had already hidden C.had
34、 started;was hiding D.was starting;hid By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.(03上海上海)A.would be completed B.was being completed C.hasnt been completed D.had been completed _got into the room _ the telephone rang.A.He hardly had;than B.Hardly had he;when C.He had not;than D.Not h
35、ad he;when They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A.had enjoyed B.was enjoyingC.enjoyed D.had been enjoyedTom _of visiting his grandmother,but the bad weather made him change his mind.A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thoug
36、ht Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.(03上海上海)A.followed B.would followed C.had followed D.should follow将来完成时将来完成时指将来某一时刻已完成的动作，将来完成时常与指将来某一时刻已完成的动作，将来完成时常与状语状语“by the time+从句从句”、“by the end of+将来将来时间的名词时间的名词”或或“by+将来时间名词将来时间名词”等连用等连用,如：如：（1）By the time Jane gets home,her aunt _ for
37、 London to attend a meeting.(05天津天津)A.will leave B.leavesC.will have left D.left(2)The mayor of Beijing says that all the construction work for the Beijing Olympic _ by 2006.(04北京北京)A.has been completed B.has completedC.will have been completed D.will have completed现在完成进行时现在完成进行时1现在完成进行时是由现在完成进行时是由“
38、have/has been+现在分词现在分词”构成的，表示过去某构成的，表示过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去，如：并且还可能继续下去，如：（1）Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.(06山东山东)A.have been missing B.have got lostC.be missing D.get lost（2）I wont tell the student the an
39、swer to the math problem until he _ on it for more than an hour.(06湖北湖北)A.has been working B.will have worked C.will have been workingD.had worked2现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，别：现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续，有动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在继续，有些延续性动词，如些延续性动词，如 live
40、,teach,work,study,learn,stay 等用现在完成时与现在等用现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大，如：完成进行时差别不大，如：Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been consideringC.considered D.is doing to consider (04北京北京)过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示持续进行到过去某时的动作或在过去表示持续进行到过去某时的动作或在过去某时以前不久发生的动作
41、或一直到过去某时某时以前不久发生的动作或一直到过去某时反复发生的动作，如：反复发生的动作，如：They _ on the program for almost a week before I joined them,and now we _it as no good results have come out so far.A.had been working;are still workingB.had worked;were still workingC.have been working;have workedD.have worked;are still working过去将来时过去将
42、来时过去将来时常用在宾语从句和间接引语中，表示过去将来时常用在宾语从句和间接引语中，表示从过去某时看来将在某时发生的动作或存在的状从过去某时看来将在某时发生的动作或存在的状态，也就是说两个动作都发生在过去，发生在前态，也就是说两个动作都发生在过去，发生在前的用一般过去时，发生在后的用过去将来时。过的用一般过去时，发生在后的用过去将来时。过去将来时可用去将来时可用“should/would+动词原形动词原形”、“was/were going to+动词原形动词原形”“was/were to+动动词原形词原形”、“was/were about to+动词原形动词原形”、“was/were+现在分词
43、现在分词”或或“was/were on the point of doing sth.”表示，如：表示，如：We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ the office soon.A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left将来进行时将来进行时将来进行时的用法，表示将来一段具体时间内将来进行时的用法，表示将来一段具体时间内正在进行的动作，如：正在进行的动作，如：At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic.(03年北京年北京)A.were going t
44、o fly B.well be flyingC.well fly D.were to fly 1.I can guess you were in a hurry.Youyour sweater inside out.A.had worn B.wore C.were wearing D.are wearing1.D。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。进行时。2.We_ that you would fix the TV set this week.Im sorry.I_ to fix it this
45、 week,but Ive been too busy.A.had expected；had intended B.are expecting；had intendedC.expect；intend D.expected；intend2.A。expect,intend,want,wish,hope,plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。现的想法、愿望、打算等。3.He will stop showing off,if no notice_ of him.A.is taken B.will be taken C.takes D.ha
46、s taken3.A。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因将来。又因if 从句是从句是take notice of.的被动语态结构，故选的被动语态结构，故选A。4.It is said that another new car factory _ now.Yeah.It _ one and a half years.A.is building；takes B.is being built；will takeC.is built；will take D.is being built；takes4.
47、B。根据主语与。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和之间的被动关系和now，可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。5.Im sorry,but I shouldnt have been so rude to you.You _ your temper but thats OK.A.have lost B.had lost C.did lose D.were losing5.C。shouldn t have done 表示表示“过过去本不应去本不应”。You did lose your temper 是
48、是You lost your temper 的强调形式。的强调形式。6.Why?Tom,your shirt is so dirty!Mum,I _ my storeroom downstairs。A.cleaned B.have worked C.was cleaning D.have been cleaning6.D。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。现在一直在进行的动作。7.They wont buy new clothes because they_money to buy a color TV set.A.save B.are sav
49、ingC.has saved D.were saving7.B。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。8.Good heavens!There you are!We _ anxious about you,and we _ you back throughout the night.A.are；expect B.were；had expectedC.have been；were expecting D.are；were expecting 8.
50、C。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。的动作，故用过去进行时。9.Ive finally finished my paper and it _ me an entire month.A.takes B.took C.was taken D.had taken9.B。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.t
