1、倒装句【考纲解读】倒装句是高考的热点。近年来命题者加大了对句子结构和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。倒装句有以下六大考点:(1含有否定意义的副词放在句首引起的部分倒装(2含有否定意义的连接词置于句首引起的部分倒装(3“so(nor, neither+助动词 + 主语”与“so(nor, neither+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别(4省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装(5not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装(
2、6only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装【知识要点】主语和谓语有两种顺序:一是主语在前,叫自然语序。反之,如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序,又分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前,部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。一、全部倒装1.there be 句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,happen,exist,remain,stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如: There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。Long ,long ago there lived a king who loved horse
3、s very much.很久很久以前,有一位国王,他非常喜欢马。2.Here/There/Now+vi.(常为come,go+主语(必须是名词此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是“喂,注意了”。如:Here comes Mary. I can see Mary coming.玛丽来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽车来了。3.then引起谓语为come,follow的句子。如:Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then fo
4、llowed eight years of the Anti Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。4.out,in,up,down,away之类的副词作状语放在句首,主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词,谓语为不及物动词come,go,run ,rush,etc。句式为:副词+vi.+主语(必须是名词。如:Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。5.介词短语作状语放在句首,谓语为不及物动词,主
5、语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:介词短语+vi.+主语(必须是名词。如:In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。6.表语放在句首,表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长,也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为:表语+系动词+主语(必须是名词。Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.老师地位低下的年代一去不复返了。On the both sides of the street are beautiful
6、 flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。7.直接引语中间或后面,表示某人说这意思的插入语(特别是谓语较短时。“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道:“救命!救命!”如果主语不比谓语长,或是它后面有宾语,主语就仍然多放在前面。“Take your seats,gentlemen,” Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道:“先生们坐好。”
7、“That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说:“那个人是著名的电影明星。”二、部分倒装1.“only+副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。注意:1在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。2on
8、ly修饰主语,不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。2.否定词(短语开头的句子要用部分倒装。表示否定的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组by no means (决不,in no time(很快,at no time(在任何时候都不,(在任何情况下都不not until,not only.but also,no sooner.than =hardly.when/scarcely.when。即“否定词+助动词/情态动词+主语+其他”。如:Never have
9、I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。Little/Seldom do I watch TV.我很少看电视。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。注意:1关联词的搭配。2前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装。3.以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/n or+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。 So
10、ciety has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了,人也变了。注意:1当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用自然语序。意为“的确,正是”。Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you.的确如此,你也是。2倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you dont go,neither/nor shall I.(If you dont go,I shall not go.你不去,我也不去。注意:表示前面的多种情况也适合
11、于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用:It is the same with sth./sb.或So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English,but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好,但数学学的差,露茜也是如此。4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为:表语/状语/动词原形+as+主语+其他。如:Clever as he is,he doesnt study well.虽然他很聪明,但他学习不好。Child as he is,he knows a
12、lot.虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得不少事情。Much as I like it,I wont buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它,但我不买。Try as she might,she failed.虽然她试过了,但还是失败了。注意:表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5.在so.that从句中,如果so+adj./adv. 放在句首,其主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大,以至于每个人都能听得见。6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should ,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装
13、。If it hadnt been for their help,we couldnt have finished the work on time.=Hadnt it been for their help,we couldnt have finished the work on time.要不是由于他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那项工作。If there should be a flood,what would we do?=Should there be a flood,what would we do?要是发了洪水,我们该怎么办呢?7.频度副词及短语often,always,now a
14、nd then ,many a time ,every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。8.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。May you succeed.祝你成功!Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁!考点1 全部倒装把谓语全部提到主语前面,叫全部倒装。主要有:1.以here,there,out,in,up,down,away等副词开头
15、,谓语动词多为be,come,go等,则须用全部倒装。如: There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有条河。2.以then,now,thus开头,谓语动词多为come,follow,begin,end,be,主语又是名词/名词词组,则用全部倒装(若主语是代词,则不能倒装。如:Now comes your turn!该你了3.当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词be,come,sit,live,stand,lie,exist等时,常用全部倒装。如: On the ground lay an old man,who was dyin
16、g.地上躺着一位老人,奄奄一息。4.such作表语,置于句首,表示“这样的人/事物;上述的人/事物”。be动词须与后面的主语保持一致。如:Such is their decision.他们的决定就是这样。考点2 部分倒装只把助动词/系动词/情态动词提到主语前面,叫部分倒装。主要有:1.在疑问句中须部分倒装。但在疑问词作主语的特殊疑问句里,不用倒装。如:Does he speak Chinese?他说中国话吗?Who is in this room?谁在这个房间里?2.用于以so,nor,neither开头的句子,表示重复前句的部分内容,须部分倒装,且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致,
17、但“so+主语+d0”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定,它的主语与上文的主语相同,so相当于indeed,certainly。如:Mary has learned by heart 200 words,and SO have I.玛丽已经记住了200个单词,我也是这样。一The girls study hard.这些女孩学习刻苦。一so they do.她们的确如此。3.在以never,seldom,not only,rarely,scarcely,in no way等否定或半否定词开头的句中用部分倒装。如:Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful
18、 scenery.我想象不到会看到这样美妙的景色。4.only置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句等时用部分倒装。如:Only after the anaesthetist gave the patient an anaesthetic could the operation be conducted.只有在麻醉师给病人实施麻醉以后,手术才能进行。5.在sothat,suchthat句型中,当SO,such引导的结构置于句首时须用部分倒装。如:So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.他
19、说话声音那样大,隔壁屋里的人都能听见。6.在hardlywhen,no soonerthan,not until句型中,主句须部分倒装。如:Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他一到,天就下起雪来了。7.as引导的让步状语从句结构为:形容词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语。如:。Tired as he was,he stayed up late.他虽然疲倦,可仍然很晚才睡。Explain as I might,I could not make myself understood.尽管我已经解释了,但我还是不被理解。Child as he is,
20、he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子,可他知道很多。(注意开头的名词前无冠词8.在省略了if的虚拟条件句中,were,had或should置于句首。如:Were I in your position,1 would not go.我要是在你的位置上,我是不会去的。9.however,no matter how引导的让步状语从句。如:However hard he worked,he couldnt solve the problem.不管多努力,他就是解决不了那个问题。解题要领这种类型的部分倒装结构为:only + 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句 + 系动词be / 助动词 / 情态
21、动词 + 主语 + 谓语的一部分 + 其他成分。之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别(4省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装(5not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装(6only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装1. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongq
22、ingD. does Chongqing lie2. We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.A.we thinkB.think weC.we do thinkD.do we think3. Never_ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.A.did we thinkB.have we thoughtC.we thoughtD.we have thought4. John opened the door. There _ he had never seen
23、before.A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl5. Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun6、New technology was used in teaching.As a result,not only_,but students became more interested
24、in the lessons.A.saved was teachers energyB.was teachers energy savedC.teachers energy was savedD.was saved teachers energy7 Unsatisfied_with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.A.though was heB.though he wasC.he was thoughD.was he though8、So sudden _ that the enemy had no t
25、ime to escape.A.did the attackB.the attack didC.was the attackD.the attack was9、Distinguished guests and friends,welcome to our school._the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友 from home and abroad.A.AttendB.To attendC.AttendingD.Having attended10、_is the power of TV that
26、 it can make a person suddenly famous.A.SuchB.ThisC.ThatD.So11Not until I came home last night _ to bed.A.Mum did goB.did Mum goC.went MumD.Mum went12、Little _ about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.A.did Rose careB.Rose did careC.Rose does careD.does Rose care强调句在高考试卷中强调句已经成为高考
27、热点。命题者加大了对句子结构复杂程度和知识面的考查,同时注重考查知识之间的交叉和语法知识的力度。这就要求我们在平时的复习和备考中注意总结,全面把握,深入研究。强调句主要有以下四大考点:(1考查强调句式的基本结构(2考查含有“notuntil”句型的强调句式(3考查强调句式的疑问句(4考查强调句式的正确判断强调句在高考中一般都不是以直接陈述句形式出现的,往往以一般疑问句式或特殊疑问句式出现;一定要注意判断正确,该句是否是强调句;强调状语时,连接词只能用that,强调人时则还可用who或whom。强调句强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式,下面简单归纳它的几种结构:一、
28、用助动词“do(does/did+动词原形”来表示强调。He does know the place well.他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there.你到那儿后务必给我来信。二、用形容词very,only,single,such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。Thats the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.你是这里惟一会讲汉语的人。Not a single person has b
29、een in the shop this morning.今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels?你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢?三、用ever,never,very,just等副词和badly,highly,really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。Why ever did you do so?你究竟为什么要这么做?He never said a word the whole day.一整天,他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very,very careful.你一定得非常非常小心。This is just wh
30、at I wanted.这正是我所要的。He was badly wounded.他伤得很严重。I really dont know wh at to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。四、用in the world,on earth,at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气(常用于疑问句。Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿?What on earth is it?它究竟是什么?Do you know at all?你到底知不知道?五、用感叹句来表示强烈的感情,突出说话人的情感。How interesting a story it is!这是
31、一个多么有趣的故事啊!Oh,what a lie!啊,真是弥天大谎!六、用重复来表示强调。Why!why!The cage is empty!啊!啊!箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。七、用倒装句(也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首来加强语气。On the table were some flowers.桌上摆着一些花。(强调地点Many a time have I climbed that hill.我多次翻过那座山。Only in this way can we solve this problem.只有这样,我们才能解决
32、这个问题。八、用强调句型“It is(was+被强调的部分+that(who+原句其他部分”来强调说话人的意愿。It was on Monday night that all this happened.所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed.他怪的是我。九、用if来表示强调。1.if从句+I dont knowwho/what,etc.does/is/has,etc.;主语部分也可以用nobody does/is/has,etc.或every body does/is/has, etc.来代替(这里的if从句往往是正话反说,反话正说:If he cant do
33、it,I dont know who can.要是他做不了这件事,我不知道还有谁能做。(强调只有他能做If Jim is a coward,everybody is.要是吉姆是个胆小鬼,那么人人都是胆小鬼。(强调吉姆不是胆小鬼2.if从句+it be主句(此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形,即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面,把其他内容放在由if引导的从句中。If anyone knew the truth,it was Tom.如果说谁了解事实的真相,那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves,it is money.如果说世界上还有他爱的东西,那便是金钱。
34、十、用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调,加强语气。Its because of hard workten years of hard work.那是因为艰苦的工作十年艰苦的工作!He began the work in late May.他在五月底开始的这项工作。知识解读1.使用强调句型进行强调强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分The old man spent a whole morning repairing that old bicycle.It is the old man that/who spent a whole morning repairi
35、ng that old bicycle.It is a whole morning that the old man spent repairing that bicycle.2.使用倒装句进行强调见上(倒装3.利用词语进行强调(1用very强调名词You are the very person for this job.(2用right/just强调副词性词组I put that book right here a moment ago.My key was right in my own hand when I tried to find it everywhere.(3用ever强调Wh
36、en will you ever learn to listen to others?This is the best ever!(4用助动词do强调动词I do think you are a good person.I did call you last night, but you were not in.(一强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人 + 其它部分。e.g. It was yesterday thathe met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ w
37、as提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语:It was I that (who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语:
38、It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过
39、去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was ,其余的时态用It is 。(二not until 句型的强调句1、句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句:He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了,tha
40、t后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。(三谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万要小心啊!2、注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。1、强调部分从短语向句子过渡。It is what you do rather tha
41、n what you say_matters.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. this2、强调句从肯定句向否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句过渡。强调句的否定句形式为:It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who .强调句的一般疑问句形式为:Is / Was it +被强调部分+ that / who .?强调句的特殊疑问句形式为:疑问词+ is / was it + that / who .?(1. Was it in 1969_the American astronaut succeeded_landing on the moon?A. when;
42、onB. that; onC. when; inD. that; in(2. _ that he managed to get the information?Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was itB. What was itC. How was itD. Why was it3、从考查单一的强调句到把强调句置于从句中,增加判断句子的难度。David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature_he chose the course.A. thatB. what
43、C. whyD. how例:强调句型却出现在宾语从句中,考生须熟练掌握句子结构才能分辨出强调句型来。4、干扰因素增多,增加了与其它相似句型的辨析,尤其是it开头的句子。考查强调句与非强调句的辨别1. 设置陷阱,使考生将强调句误判为非强调句。如:It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which2. 设置陷阱,使考生将非强调句误判为强调句。如:It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. t
44、hatB. untilC. sinceD. before掌握强调句的基本式及其变式,高考的考查方向一向以实用为主,故可能会在长句中考查。建议大家从题型入手,仔细分析强调句的内部结构,以不变应万变。【高考链接】1.（It was by making great efforts she caught up with other students. Ahow Bwhen Cwhat Dthat 2 Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today
45、. A. why B. when C. which D. that 2. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B that Cwhen D. which 3. It is often that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said 4.Ive read another
46、 book this week. Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts. A. this B. that C. there D. it 5. It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 6. It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A .that B. when C. while D. as 7.
47、 It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where 8 It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until ;that 9. I do not mind her criticizing me, b
