1、一、基本用法一、基本用法:1.it作人称代词作人称代词1.Whos it?_me.2.Look at the picture._is a picture of our school.3.-Is this jacket yours?-Yes,_ is.4.Look that lovely baby in the cradle!Oh,dear.It is crying.A：Whos it(knocking at the door)?B:Its me.It 在例句在例句1,2 可指代上文提到的可指代上文提到的_/_,3)用于代替指示代词用于代替指示代词 _4)指代指代_2.非人称代词非人称代词it1
2、.It is half past eight now.2.It is only half an hours walk from here to our school.3.I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.4.Its spring now.5.Its quiet here.时间距离天气季节环境it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象 总结it作为代词的用法：二、形式宾语二、形式宾语:1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth.The chairman thought _
3、 necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国)A.that B.it C.this D.himSentence patterns:B find possiblefeelimportant /clause形式宾语形式宾语1 2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use 形式宾语形式宾语2I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.Senten
4、ce patterns:a rulean honour find possible1.S+think +it +necessary +(for sb.)to do sth./clause feel important Sentence patterns:Sentence patterns:形式宾语句型形式宾语句型 a rule2.S+V +it +ones duty +(for sb.)to do sth./clause an honour 3.S +V+it +no good +doing sth.no use 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，记忆方便作形式宾语，记忆方便-“6123结
5、构结构”。6 主句中常用的动词：主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 形式宾语形式宾语it；2 宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 真正宾语的三种形式：真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语不定式短语动名词短语动名词短语引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom.He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish
6、their work in two days.形式宾语归纳形式宾语归纳I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国)A.this B.that C.it D.one点拨点拨:这是这是it it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词少数动词(如如like,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciatelike,love,enjoy,dislike,hate,appreciate等等)或或包含介词的动词短语包含介词的动词短语(如如see to,depend onsee t
7、o,depend on等等)后接宾后接宾语从句语从句,必须先由必须先由it it担任形式宾语担任形式宾语,再接从句再接从句.1.I like(enjoy,hate)it when.2.I would appreciate it if3.see to(depend on)it thatSentence patterns:C形式宾语特殊用法形式宾语特殊用法 动词动词+it+that enjoy,like,/love,dislike,appreciate hate,see to/depend on 例例 I hate it you can dance so well but I cant.三、形式主
8、语三、形式主语:指出it在下列句中分别指代什么1.It is important to know your limitations2.It is no use crying over spilt milk.3.It is still a question how many people will believe you4.It is strange that most students pass the exam.5.It is said that he has come to Beijing6.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put of
9、f.7.It happened that he met his teacher in the street.8.It is a pity that he didnt attend my birthday party.possibleIt is/was +adj.necessary+(for sb.)to do sth./clause important ones duty It is/was+n.ones hope +clause/(for sb.)to do sth.an honour saidIt is/was p.p.known +that-clause believed 形式主语形式主
10、语 It is+adj(of sb.)to do sth.It is+adj(for sb.)to do sth.区别：观看下列形容词在决定介词的用法 A.bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，silly，stupid honest，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，polite，rude，wise，等。等。这个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.。It is kind _ you to say so.=You are kind to say so.B.important，necessary，n
11、atural,easy，safe，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，等。，等。It is important _her to come to the party.=It is important that she(should)come to the party.1.It is clear(obvious，true，possible，certain.)that.It is very clear that he shows great interest in Maths2.It is important(necessary，st
12、range，natural.)that.It is important that we(should)learn English well.常见的关于it 的句型结构 3.It is a pity(a shame.)that.It is a pity that he didnt attend my birthday party.4.It is suggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.5.It is said(reported，be
13、lieved/hoped/thought.)that.It is said that he has come to Beijing.6.It is the first(second.)time that.It is the first time I have been here.7.It happens(seems，appears,comes about,turns out,looks)that.It seems that he will be back in a few days.8.It takes sb.to do sth.It took thousands of people many
14、 years to build the Great Wall 9.It is fun/no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth.It is no good learning English without speaking English.10.It doesnt matter whether(if).It doesnt matter if they are old.11.It looks(seems)as if.It looks as if he were ill.It is.when.It be.before.It is+一段时间一段时间+since
15、.It is/was .that 1.It was 5 o clock _he came here.2.It will be not long_he finishes his job.3.It is 5 years _ his father died.4.It is you rather than I _ are to be blame for the accident.whenbeforesincethat四、四、it it引导强调句型引导强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that(who)用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部
16、分是人时也可以用被强调部分是人时也可以用who。强调句型强调句型It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are _ matters.A.one B.that C.what D.itIt is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他成分句子其他成分强调句型强调句型高考真题高考真题使用该句型有以下几点请注意：使用该句型有以下几点请注意：is或或was永远用单数永远用单数.It is books that he bought yesterday.It was yesterday th
17、at I met your father in the street只能用只能用that连接，不得使用连接，不得使用where、when等连词等连词.It was in the street that I met your father yesterday1.It is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他成分句子其他成分被强调部分为人时，可用被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格主格或宾格)和和whom(宾格宾格)代替代替that，用，用that也行。也行。1)It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street
18、yesterday2)It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday强调句中强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。的问题。It is I who am responsible for the projectIt was not until ten oclock that we got home last night注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is wasthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)It wa
19、s ten oclock when we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。要点点拔第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when2.It is not until+被强调部分被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语
20、，译成汉语直到才，可语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是以说是 not.until.的强调形式。的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasse
21、s.It was _ back home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didnt go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears?A.that where B.this when C.it that D.it where It was in the lab _ was taken charge of
22、 by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment.A.where;that B.which;where C.that;where D.which;that强调句型强调句型被强调的部被强调的部分是分是not until引导的时间引导的时间 状语状语?强调句型用于疑强调句型用于疑问句问句,被强调的被强调的部分是部分是特殊疑问特殊疑问词词或或从句引导词从句引导词?In which play is it that?It is thatIs it that?I dont know in which play it is that强调句型和强调句型和各种从句各种从
23、句高考热点高考热点?1.It was a new book he wanted to buy.2.It was Tom I met in the street.3.It was during the holiday he got to know that girl.4.It was in the park I saw Kate crying last night.5.It was he who late yesterday.6.It was the teacher together with the boy students who in the classroom.7.将将1.2.句变为一般
24、疑问句句变为一般疑问句8.将将3.4.5.句变为特殊疑问句句变为特殊疑问句waswasthat that who that 9.is it has made Peter success?A.What that B.That what C.What what D.That that How was it that she turned down our help?Where was it that When was it that.Who was it thatWhich book is it that Whose nose is it that A A.在强调句型中考查主谓一致在强调句型中考查
25、主谓一致It was not luck but difficulties that him success.A.makes B.make I think it is the sales manager,rather than the sales girl,who to blame.A.Is B.are A BB.强调句型中的强调句型中的be动词与情态动词的结合动词与情态动词的结合It might have been John bought it for Mary yesterday.A.What B.since C.that D.when It may be next week she lea
26、ves for London.What B.since C.that D.whenC C C.强调句型中含有名词性从句（主语从句，强调句型中含有名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从宾语从句，句，I have forgotten you put the dictionary.A.that it was where B.where was it that C.that where it was D.where it was that It was at the beginning Mr.Fox made the decision he should go for a visit to the chicke
27、n.A.When which B.where that C.then so D.that that D D D.强调句型中含有定语从句强调句型中含有定语从句 It was in the small house was built with stones by his father he spent his childhood.A.which that B.that where C.which which D.that whichIt was playing computer games cost the boy plenty of time he ought to have spent doi
28、ng his lessons.A that that/which E.强调句型中含有状语从句强调句型中含有状语从句正因为他病了他才没有来。正因为他病了他才没有来。It was because he was ill that he didn come.正是她妈妈进来时她才开始哭的。正是她妈妈进来时她才开始哭的。It was when her mother came in that she began to cry.五、五、it it固定用法固定用法:1.It的一些习惯用法的一些习惯用法uHow is it with your study?学习好吗？学习好吗？uThats it.这就对了。这就对了
29、。uIt went hard with him.他身遇不幸。他身遇不幸。uIt is all over with me.我完蛋了。我完蛋了。uWe must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。我们必须坚持到底。uI cant help it.我没有办法。我没有办法。It is never too old to learn.活到老活到老,学到老。学到老。It is easier to fall than to rise.摔倒容易爬起来难。摔倒容易爬起来难。It is no use crying over spilt(溢出的溢出的)milk.覆水难收。覆水难收。It never rain
30、s but it pours(泼水泼水).不鸣则已不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。一鸣惊人。Proverbs(谚语谚语)with“It”It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。创业容易守业难。It takes three generations(代代)to make a gentleman.十年树木十年树木,百年树人。百年树人。2.在一些固定用法中考查在一些固定用法中考查常见的固定用法有常见的固定用法有:make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间成功，安排在或定在某时间forget it 别提了，忘了它吧别提了，忘了
31、它吧Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢别提了，表示不用谢It doesnt matter 没关系没关系It(That)depends 视情况而定视情况而定You guessed it 你猜着了你猜着了Its hard to say 很难说很难说 Its up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事由你来决定做某事1.The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.they B.it C.one D.which2.Weve been looki
32、ng at houses but havent found _ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them3.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.A.ones B.one C.that D.those易误辨析易误辨析:it/one/thatBACthe house that the Parkers boughta housethe air1.Its years _(since,before,after,that)I painted
33、 this beautiful picture.2.It will be years _(since,before,after,that)I paint this beautiful picture.3.It was years _(since,before,after,that)I painted this beautiful picture.4.Its for years _(since,before,after,that)I have painted this beautiful picture.易误辨析易误辨析:表示从表示从since since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一从
34、句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为段时间，译为“自从自从.以来已多久了以来已多久了”It is+时间段时间段+since(过去时过去时).表示从表示从过去过去某一时间到某一时间到beforebefore从句谓语动作发生所经过从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间的一段时间,译为译为“多长时间后才多长时间后才/就做了就做了”It+was+时间段时间段+before(过去时过去时)表示从表示从现在现在起到起到beforebefore从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间时间,译为译为“多长时间后才会多长时间后才会/就会做就会做”It+will be+时间段时间段+bef
35、ore(一般现在时一般现在时)_Translate the following:1.过了很久他才回来.2.我们很久后才会见面的.3.我离开这所学校已经很久了.It was long before he came back.It will be long before we meet again.It is long since I left this school.It is+时间段时间段+since(过去时过去时).It+will be+时间段时间段+before(一般现在时一般现在时)It+was+时间段时间段+before(过去时过去时)易误辨析易误辨析:1.(2005,全国全国)The
36、 doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday,but _ didnt help.A.it B.she C.which D.he 正确答案：正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。代替整个句子。2.(2004,全国全国)-Do you like_here?-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is nice.A.this B.these C.that D.It 正确答案：正确答案：D。根据下文，提问
37、者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用用于不确定指代或模糊指代。于不确定指代或模糊指代。3.(2000,上海上海)Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 正确答案：正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。需用陈述语序。4.(2007,全国全国)Have you heard the latest news?No,what _?A.is it B.
38、is there C.are they D.are those 正确答案：正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的指代上文提及的latest news。5.(2006,全国全国)If I can help _,I dont like working late into the night.A.so B.that C.it D.them 正确答案：正确答案：C。help是是“阻止、避免阻止、避免”的意思，的意思，it指代下文的事指代下文的事情。情。6.(2002,北京北京)-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was
39、 in Middle School.A.that,It B.this,This C.this,It D.that,This 正确答案：正确答案：A。it指时间。指时间。7.(2005，浙江，浙江)Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them 正确答案：正确答案：A。表示任意一幢房子。表示任意一幢房子。8.（2005，江苏），江苏）Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher th
40、an _ in the city.A.ones B.one C.that D.those 正确答案：正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代the air，且有且有in the city后置定语修饰。后置定语修饰。9.(2004,北京北京)The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答案：正确答案：D由句意易知：由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语从
41、句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。为形式主语。10.(2005,上海上海)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires 正 确 答 案：正 确 答 案：C 。i t 为 形 式 主 语，在 此 结 构 中为 形 式 主 语，在 此 结 构 中 d o n e 为为required/suggested/demanded/reco
42、mmended等时，从句必等时，从句必须用须用should+动词原形，且动词原形，且should可以省略。可以省略。11.(2004,上海春上海春)It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test,and as a result,he got punished.A.stick to B.refer to C.keep to D.point to 正确答案：正确答案：B。短语辨析题，短语辨析题，refer to有有“参考参考”的意思，符合句的意思，符合句意。意。12.(2006,全国全国)It is no _ argu
43、ing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A.use B.help C.time D.way 分析：正确答案：分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。为固定结构。13.(2007,天津天津)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.A.this B.that C.it D.these 正确答案：正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。后的从句为真正的宾语。14.(2006,湖南湖南)As the busiest woman
44、in Norton,she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.A.this B.that C.one D.it 正确答案：正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。真正宾语为不定式。15.(2005,江苏江苏)Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;that B.not be s
45、ent;thatC.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 正确答案：正确答案：B。表示表示“理应如此理应如此”需用需用should动词原形，动词原形，should可以省略。在做可以省略。在做it形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用等含义时，需用should动词原形，动词原形，should可以省略。可以省略。16、(2004,全国全国)I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clea
46、r and bright.A、this B、that C、it D、one 正确答案：正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和和like的用法相同，后接宾语从的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。17、(2003,上海上海)I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.A、until B、if C、when D、that正确答案：正确答案：B。18.(1998，上海，上海)Dont _ that all those w
47、ho get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.A.take as granted B.take this for granted C.take that for granted D.take it for granted 正确答案：正确答案：D。take it for granted that 意为：想当然的认为某意为：想当然的认为某事。事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注从句。另外我们也应该注意：意：depend(rely)on
48、it（相信某事）和（相信某事）和see to it（负责某事）的（负责某事）的用法。用法。19.(2008,全国全国)It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that B.how C.which D.when 正确答案：正确答案：A。将。将it was去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调的强调句型。句型。20.(2004,福建福建)It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
49、A.because B.which C.since D.that正确答案：正确答案：D。21.(1997,全国全国)Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.you B.not you C.yourself D.that yourself 正确答案：正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分被强调部分+that将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉It is/wasthat结构，易判断是强调结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。的强调句型。22.Is _st
50、udent _was caught smoking in the classroom?A.it that,that B.that it,it C.it it,that D.it which,that 正确答案：正确答案：A。23.(2004,上海上海)Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?A.What is it that B.What it is that C.How is it that D.How it is that 正确答案：正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：wh-+is
