1、含蓄虚拟条件句的表达方法含蓄条件的表达方式主要有两种:1.短语、非时间状语从句、单个词等暗示条件,常见的有介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语及but,or,otherwise等表示转折的词;2.上下文、单句等暗示条件。一、介词短语暗示条件例1Withoutyourhelp,Icouldnthavefinishedtheworkontime.该句是简单句,其中Withoutyourhelp为介词短语,暗示条件,相当于明确的条件句Ifithadntbeenyourhelp。这个句子是对过去的假设,因此,应用与过去事实相反的动词虚拟形式。又如:Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thi
2、sinventionwouldhavebeenpostponed(推迟)foracentury.(Ifithadntbeenforthedreamsoftheyouth)例2_theEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor解析:答案为B。该句与上例类似,为与过去事实相反的含蓄式虚拟条件句,但测试重点不是选择恰当的动词形式,而是确定能正确表达假设条件的介词短语。所给的4个选项中,只有butfor(要不是)合适,与其后名词构成的短语,相当于ifithad
3、ntbeenfortheEnglishexamination,表明与过去事实相反的条件。又如:Butforhisadvice,Icouldnthavedoneitallbymyself.(Ifithadntbeenforhisadvice)二、分词短语暗示条件例1Havingknownintime,we_theplanfrombeingcarriedout.A.willhavepreventedB.wouldhavepreventedC.musthavepreventedD.shouldhavebeenprevented解析:答案为B。题句中的Havingknownintime是现在分词短语,
4、作全句的状语,相当于非真实条件从句Iftheyhadknownintime,因此,谓语动词应选用与过去事实相反的虚拟形式B。A是将来完成时,不能与句子的状语搭配使用;C是情态动词must的完成式,表示对过去动作的猜测,如果把状语理解Aswehadknownintime,选语法上能讲得通,但句意不合逻辑;是被动用法,不恰当。题句译文:如果及时得知此事,我们当时就会阻止计划的执行。又如:Givenmoretime,shewouldcertainlyhavedonemuchbetter.(givenmoretime=ifshehadbeengivenmoretime)Beingadoctor,Ico
5、uldcureallpatientssufferingfromcancer.(beingadoctor=ifIwereadoctor)三、单个词暗示条件例:Iwasbusythatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.句意为:我那天很忙,要不然我就去看你了。句中的Otherwise是个暗示条件的单个词,相当于条件句子ifIhadnotbeenbusythatday,这是一个与过去事实相反的条件句,所以后面用wouldhavecome。又如:IamgladIstudied.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefailed.(otherwise=ifIhad
6、notstudied)另外,除了副词otherwise外,常见的还有连词or等。如:Theylikedtheapartmentortheywouldnthavestayedsolong.(or=iftheyhadntlikedtheapartment)四、上下文暗示条件例:Iwouldhavecometoseeyouthatday.Unfortunately,itwasrainingsohard.译文:我本来打算在那天来看你的,不巧的是那天下大雨。该句由两个简单句构成,后面的句子暗示条件,可转换成前一句的非真实条件从句ifithadnotbeenrainingsohard,因此,应用表示过去虚拟的动词形式wouldhavecome。此类句子要分析出上下文暗示的虚拟条件,特别注意表示转折的词,如but,otherwise,orelse等。又如:Iwouldhavewrittentoher,butIdidntknowheraddress.(IfIhadknownheraddress,Iwould.)