1、议论文议论文Pre-learning CheckingHow to find the topic sentences?Try to draw a conclusion based on the pre-learning materials演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别的写作程序，即以概述开句，随之辅加细说。1.给予例证、解释或说明的段落，首句后常见词：for example，takeas an example2.下定义的段落；thats to say;to be exact段首段首是是主题主题句句：1.阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落2.旨在说服读者相信其论点的段落用归纳法撰写，先表
2、述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性句子收尾。常见词：as a result;in a word,to conclude,in fact,therefore等段尾段尾是是主题句：主题句：1.引题或例证主题思想解释或进一步给予例证。2.段意转折，一般作者往往把中心意思放于转折后。常见词：however,but,on the contrary,nevertheless，instead等3.出现于过渡句或疑问句之后。段段中中主题句：主题句：In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online.Many were worried
3、 about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and thereliability of the Internet.But with shopping online becoming more widespread,it hasnt slowed down the increasing numbers of online shoppers.As the BBC reports,average spending online this Christmas in America will rise to$240
4、 or so.A.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online.B.Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet.C.But with shopping online becoming more widespread,it hasnt slowed down the increasing numbers of online shopp
5、ers.D.As the BBC reports,average spending online this Christmas in America will rise to$240 or so.Further ConsolidationArgumentation(议论文)To inform or explain an opinion by providing materials.Task PresentationHow to summary an argumentation?The Structure of ArgumentationOpinionsSupporting ideasConcl
6、usionReading1.Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.2.Clarify the structure of the passage according to the topic sentences.By todays standards,my mobile phone is pretty rubbish.Its a Nokia 1616,a small,not very heavy device with which you can send and receive calls and messages.Except that
7、,my phone doesnt do much.Its nothing compared to a smartphone.Why would I want one of those?I have often been told that the big advantage of having a smartphone is that:“You can do everything with them!”Okay,they may have endless functions,but generally they are just used for checking social network
8、ing sites,playing games,and receiving and replying to emails which can be performed well by my laptop.As far as I can tell,the best thing about having an smartphone is that you can be connected to the Internet all the time.I love the Internet,but I just dont see the point of constantly being online.
9、I would think that if someone needed me urgently,they would just ring me rather than send an email.One typical effect of the smartphone is,in my opinion,the addiction to maps and navigations(导航)system.Is there anything more boring than knowing exactly where you are all of the time?How do you get to
10、know an area if you dont get lost there a few times?It is true that we all occasionally need to be pointed in the right direction,but we can experience much more if turning to the real life humans.There are many benefits of having a very basic mobile phone,like the fact that it cost me about twenty
11、pounds,and that I dont have to worry too much about it being stolen.But the main benefit has to be the fact that it provides me with the worlds greatest excuse for my bad habits.Whether its turning up late to events,or forgetting about an appointment at work,Im covered with:“Im sorry.I dont have a s
12、martphone.”Topic SentencesPara.1 Why would I want one of those?Para.2 Generally they are just used for checking social which can be performed well by my laptop.Para.3 I just dont see the point of constantly being onlinePara.4 It is true that,but we can experience much more if turning to the real lif
13、e humans.Para.5 But the main benefit has to provides me with the worlds greatest excuse for my bad habits.The Structure of ArgumentationOpinions:Supporting ideasPara.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para2,Para3,Para4:arguments against the advantages of smartphones Para5:A main advantage of a basic mobile phoneTip
14、1:Choose the proper conjunctions based on the structuresecondly;besides,firstlythirdlymore importantly,Para.1Para.1 Why would I want one of those?Tip 2:Use a statement instead of a questionsuggested phrases&sentence patterns:prefer to rather than.have a preference for.Instead of Opinions:The Languag
15、e of Argumentation(basic mobile phone rather than smartphone)The Language of ArgumentationSupporting ideasPara.2“checking social networking sites,playing games,and receiving and replying to emails“frequently used functionsTip 3:Use summary words instead of specific examples The Language of Argumenta
16、tionSupporting ideasPara.3 I just dont see the point of constantly being onlinesuggested phrases&sentence patterns:There is no sense/point in doing.It is not necessary to The Language of ArgumentationSupporting ideasPara.4 It is true that we all occasionally need to be pointed in the right direction
17、,but we can experience much more if turning to the real life humans.ask for directions;experience a lot Tip 4:Focus on the key words in topic sentencesuggested phrases&sentence patterns:If,you may not experience;Asking for directions by communication rather thanwill.The Language of ArgumentationSupp
18、orting ideassuggested phrases&sentence patterns:.help me do,find a good excuse Ving.can help me.Para.5But the main benefit has to be the fact that it provides me with the worlds greatest excuse for my bad habits.Having no smartphone/using my ordinary phone Tip 5:Clarify what“it”refers toOpinionssugg
19、ested phrases&sentence patterns:prefer to rather than.have a preference for.Instead of Supporting ideas1.frequently used functions 2.There is no sense/point in doing (on line).It is not necessary to 3.ask for directions;experience a lot;by communication;rather than.If,you may not;4.help me do,find a good excuse Ving.can help me.Make an OutlineWritingFinish your summary writing in ten minutesHow to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read 2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite4.Make it coherent5.Revise6.neatly copy-Topic sentences,structure,key supporting wordsSummarizationPPT模板下载：
