1、六年级下册单元知识点 前进实验小学 史爱东语法知识:英语动词4种时态:1、一般现在时:常与表示程度或频度的词连用,如:often(经常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有时) , always(总是,一直) , never(从不),表示经常性或习惯性的动作,表示现在的特征或状态,表示普遍真理。用动词原形表示,第三人称单数后,动词要在词尾加s(或es,或变y为i再加es)。如:I often get up at 7:00.He often gets up at 7:30.2、现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。用am / is / are 加 动词ing
2、形式表示,如: What are you doing? I am reading a book. What is he doing? He is singing.3、一般将来时:常与表示将来的时间连用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year 等,表示将要发生的动作或情况。用 am/ is/ are 加 going to形式表示,如:What are you going to do tomorrow? Im going to ride a horse. 用will 加动词原形表示,如:What will you do next Sunday? I will go s
3、hopping. 用am/ is/ are 加动词ing 形式表示,如:What are you doing tomorrow? Im going bowling.4、一般过去时:经常与表示过去的时间连用, 如: yesterday, last night等, 表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。动词要用动词的过去式。如:Who was first? Ken was first.Where were you yesterday? I was at home.What did you do yesterday? I went to school.形容词的比较级和最高级:1、单音节词:比较级加er, 最
4、高级加est. 如:tall-taller- the tallest,e is taller than his brother. Tom is the tallest in his class.2、多音节词和部分双音节词:比较级加more, 最高级加 the most. 如:interesting-more interesting-the most interesting,Music is interesting subject. P.E. is more interesting than music.Science i the most interesting subject.形容词变为比较
5、级的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,在形容词的词尾直接加er。如: talltaller shortshorter.(2)以字母e结尾的形容词,在词尾直接加r,如:nicenicer. latelater (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加er.如:bigbiggerthinthinner fatfatter (4)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节形容词,先变y为i , 再加er。:easyeasier heavyheavier funnyfunnier.(2)、部分形容词比较级的不规则变化:goodbetter wellbetter badworse badl
6、yworse manymore muchmore littlless fararther动词ing的变化规律:1)直接加ing ,如: open-opening, clean-cleaning, meet-meeting, sing-singing, study-studying, 2) 去掉词尾不发音的e ,如:take-taking, close-closing, come-coming, drive-drivin, have-having, use-using, write-writing, practice-practicing, 3) 重读闭音节的,双写最后的字母,加 ing , 如
7、: sit-sitting, put-putting, begin-beginning , get-getting, swim-swimming, run-running, cut-cutting, become-becoming, 主语是第三人称单数时一般现在时动词的变化规律(与名词变复数规律相同): 1) 直接加s, 如:cook-cooks, come-comes, close-closes, 2)以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+ es , 如: teach-teaches, go-goes, do-does, catch-catches, wash-washes, brush-
8、brushes, miss-misses, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+ es, 如:fly-flies, worry-worries, carry-carries, 4) 以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+ es.5) 特殊:have-has, 6)家庭、亲属和朋友:姓名、年龄、地址、特点与爱好:与你的关系 words: family, grandfather(grandpa/granddad), grandmother(grandma/grand mum), father, mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, cousin, frien
9、d相关句型: 1) Is he/she Toms cousin? Yes, he/she is. No, he/she isnt. 2) Whos he/she? Hes / Shes my friend. 3) How many people are there in your family? Who are they? There are four, my father, my mother, my brother and me.注意: 1)名词单复数,如:family-families; 名词单数-复数规律: (1)1) 直接加s, 如: boy-boys, term-terms, 2)
10、以o, x, s, sh, ch 结尾+ es , 如: box-boxes, class-classes, glass-glasses, coach-coaches, dress-dresses, fax-faxes, inch-inches, match-matches, 3) 辅音字母加y结尾,把y改为i ,+es, 如:baby-babies, lady-ladies, factory-factories, peach-peaches, library-libraries, watch-watches , 4) 以f或fe结尾,把f或fe,改为v+es: leaf-leaves, kn
11、ife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves, 5) 特殊: man-men, policeman-policemen, woman-women, child-children, goose-geese, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, 6) 不变: hair, milk, tea, coffee, water, bread, rice, paper, juice, meat, people, fish, sheep, (2)名词所有格,表明是“谁的” 如: my cousins , his parents它的构成规则: 单数名词后+“ s”, M
12、ikes mother.复数名词词尾有,其后只+“ ”,Teachers Da教师节.若是两人共有时,只在后者+ “s ”,Jim and Toms mother.吉姆和汤姆的母亲。不是两者所共有的,两者都+ “ s ”,Jims and Toms mother.吉姆母亲和汤姆的母亲。名词若是无生命,所有格构成用of, a map of China.一幅中国地图I一般过去时态定义:表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。结构:“主语+动词的过去式”用法:1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He was here yesterday.I got up at seven yesterday m
13、orning.My mother was at work yesterday afternoon.Did you have a good time last summer?2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。My mother often went to work by taxi last year.When I was a student, I often listened to music.3. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有:一般过去式的用法: 一般过去式 表示过去的动作和状态,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句, 如yesterday, the day before las
14、t, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I met him yesterday. 昨天我碰见了他。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。一般过去式构成:表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。4. 一般过去时的标志词: last year; last night yesterday (+
15、morning, afternoon, evening)in +过去时间词: in 1998II过去式规则变化(a)动词词尾+“ ed ”。 walk walked(走)need needed (需要)(b)动词词尾为“e”时,加“-d”。 live lived (住)like liked (喜欢)(c)动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时,去“y”加 “ ied ”,若是词尾为“元音字母+y”,只加“ ed ”。 study studied (学习)play played (游戏)(d)原形动词词尾为重读闭音节时,先双写该辅音字母再+ “ed” stop stoppedIII过去式规则变化(一) 不
16、变1.cutcut2.letlet3.putput4 readread 5mustmust(二)改成a1. comecame2.becomebecame3.beginbegan 4. drinkdrank5.havehad 6.runran 7. sitsat8.ringrang9. singsang10.swimswam 11.givegave(三)改成ght1. thinkthought2.fight fought3.bringbrought 4. buybought5.catchcaught 6. teachtaught(三)改成t1.keepkept2.sleepslept3.swee
17、pswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt 7.meanmeant(四)改成ew1.blowblew 2.knowknew 3.growgrew 4.drawdrew5.throwthrew6. flyflew(五)改成o1.get got 2.forgetforgot3.writewrote 4.riderode 5.drivedrove6.sellsold7.telltold8.standstood 9.understandunderstood10.speakspoke11.hear heard 12.taketook(六)其他形式1.makemad
18、e 2.hearheard 3.eatate4.mean meant5.saysaid6.findfound 7.meet met 8.see saw9.cancould 10.shallshould11.willwould12. maymight13.gowent14.seesaw 15.wearwore小学英语语法辅导:时态时间标志口诀集锦1. 一般现在时:“总经常有每没(美眉)复星周” 总:always, usually等经常:often有:sometimes (记住,“有”不是have,而是“有时”)每:every week/month/year 等没:never复星周:on Mond
19、ays, on Tuesdays等2. 一般过去时:“昨天上个XX(读作叉叉)前,in加年份when字连”(原创)昨天:yesterday, 后面可以加morning, afternoon,evening等上个:last,后面可以加week, month,year等XX前:ago,前面可以加three weeks/months/years agoin加年份:in 2009/2008/1986/1220等,2010前全用一般过去时,后年2012前就都是过去时了,2012,世界末日?电影看多了。when字连:when I was a child等 when字后面都是过去时,也要用一般过去时。3.
20、一般将来时时间标志口诀:正好和一般过去时对应:“明天下个XX后”明天:tomorrow,后面可以加morning, afternoon,evening下个:next,后面可以加week, month,year等XX后:after和in,后面可以加three weeks/months/years这里要注意一下,after后加时间点才表示将来,如after 3 oclock 。加时间段表示过去,如after 2 hours 表示过去。in后加时间段表将来,如in two years。4. 现在进行时:“现在时刻看和听,最近在哪请安静。”现在:now, at present, at the mome
21、nt等时刻:Its ten oclock. Im beating Xiao Qiang.看和听:Look! Listen!后面一般都用现在进行时。最近:What are you doing recently/these days?在哪:Where is Xiao Z? Xiao Z is beating Xiao Qiang.请安静:Be quiet!/Dont make any noise!/Stop making noise! Xiao Qiang is sleeping.【素材积累】 1、只要心中有希望存摘,旧有幸福存摘。预测未来的醉好方法,旧是创造未来。坚志而勇为,谓之刚。刚,生人之德也。美好的生命应该充满期待、惊喜和感激。 人生的胜者决不会摘挫折面前失去勇气。 2、我一直知道,漫长人生中总有一段泥泞不得不走,总有一个寒冬不得不过。感谢摘这样的时候,我遇见的世界上最美的心灵,我接受的最温暖的帮助。经历过这些,我将带着一颗感恩和勇敢的心继续走上梦想的道路,无论是风雨还是荆棘。