1、Unit 8 Brave it Out勇于面对勇于面对Step 1 Review some of the new words勇敢的；勇于面对勇敢的；勇于面对 老板老板 司机司机容易的，轻松的容易的，轻松的难的硬的；努力地难的硬的；努力地公平的；合理的公平的；合理的 bravebravebossbossdriverdrivereasyeasyhardhardfairfairDictation:1.赞同 2.使某人想起某事物 3.期望，期待 4.放弃 5.接下来继续做 6.克服 7.在中积极 8.失败；未能 9.直到才 10.别紧张，放轻松 agree withremind sb of sthex
2、pectgive upgo on to doovercomebe active infailnot.untiltake it easyStep 2 Warming upPlease look at these pictures and try to guess the jobs of these people.Step 2 Warming up a worker a doctor a farmer a taxi driver a teacherDo you think that these Do you think that these peoples lives are the people
3、s lives are the same?Why?same?Why?DiscussionCompare the two kinds of living condition,Think about:Is life fair?Different children have different childhood!Can we say that life is Can we say that life is fair for everyone?fair for everyone?DiscussionMy opinion 1.Life is fair,when it is not fair to yo
4、u on one side,it must be fair to you on the other side.2.Life is what we make it.3.Make it fair by your hard work.Introduction about PatrickPatrick张士柏张士柏 张士柏张士柏1973年出生于美国加州。年出生于美国加州。13岁时，他在岁时，他在参加跳水训练时因事故受重伤。一个游泳健将顷刻间参加跳水训练时因事故受重伤。一个游泳健将顷刻间变成四肢瘫痪，张士柏经受了人生最严峻的考验，他变成四肢瘫痪，张士柏经受了人生最严峻的考验，他没有气馁绝望，以顽强的意志勇
5、敢地接受挑战，努力没有气馁绝望，以顽强的意志勇敢地接受挑战，努力适应生活，坚持学习，并且取得了常人难以想象的优适应生活，坚持学习，并且取得了常人难以想象的优异成绩。在手术后第一周里戴着牵引用的钢帽时他就异成绩。在手术后第一周里戴着牵引用的钢帽时他就开始了学习。起初，只能用嘴一页一页地翻书来读，开始了学习。起初，只能用嘴一页一页地翻书来读，后来用一枝特制的笔套在手腕上，依靠稍能活动的大后来用一枝特制的笔套在手腕上，依靠稍能活动的大臂带动小臂和手一笔一笔艰难地写字。为了不让大臂臂带动小臂和手一笔一笔艰难地写字。为了不让大臂的肌肉萎缩，他让家人把一个特制的哑铃系在手臂上的肌肉萎缩，他让家人把一个特制
6、的哑铃系在手臂上一下一下地举。经过反复练习，他终于能自己推轮椅一下一下地举。经过反复练习，他终于能自己推轮椅了，也能操作电脑和写字了。了，也能操作电脑和写字了。凭着顽强的毅力，凭着顽强的毅力，Patrick顺利通过了顺利通过了手术三个月后的初中手术三个月后的初中毕业考试。高中时他毕业考试。高中时他以以25门功课全优全校门功课全优全校第一名的成绩提前一第一名的成绩提前一年毕业，并荣获当时年毕业，并荣获当时布什总统签名颁发的布什总统签名颁发的“学业成就奖学业成就奖”。高中毕业后，他同时高中毕业后，他同时接到了美国斯坦福大学、接到了美国斯坦福大学、哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学和加州
7、柏克利大学四所学和加州柏克利大学四所名牌大学的录取通知书。名牌大学的录取通知书。进入进入斯坦福大学斯坦福大学后，他仅后，他仅用两年时间修完了四年课用两年时间修完了四年课程，于程，于1992年直接参加并年直接参加并通过了升入博士班的考试，通过了升入博士班的考试，后以优异的成绩获得博士后以优异的成绩获得博士学位。学位。张士柏在大学时选择攻读东方经济专业，张士柏在大学时选择攻读东方经济专业，18岁时，他把父母亲友资助他的岁时，他把父母亲友资助他的生活保障费连同他从小省下的零用钱共生活保障费连同他从小省下的零用钱共20万美元全部捐献给祖籍地宁波北仑，成万美元全部捐献给祖籍地宁波北仑，成立了张士柏奖学基
8、金会，激励鼓舞同学少年为祖国而勤奋学习。立了张士柏奖学基金会，激励鼓舞同学少年为祖国而勤奋学习。张士柏虽然严重残疾，但他对人生却充满执着的追求，他觉得他只有手和张士柏虽然严重残疾，但他对人生却充满执着的追求，他觉得他只有手和脚与别人不同，而思想、精神、抱负却与别人一样，他坚定地认为，世界上的光脚与别人不同，而思想、精神、抱负却与别人一样，他坚定地认为，世界上的光辉同样属于每个人！辉同样属于每个人！READINGRead the passage quickly and think Read the passage quickly and think about the questionsabou
9、t the questions fast-reading Whats the meaning of“Is Life Fair”?Do you think that Patricks life is fair or unfair?（Paragraph5）Did Patrick give up his study after having the accident?（Paragraph3）Did Patrick become successful in the end?（Paragraph5）Is Life FairLife is not fair.Para.3Why is life not fa
10、ir?Para.5The sufferings of Patrick.Para.2Successes Patrick made.Para.4Meaning of this story.Para.1Match workcareful-readingPara oneUseful expressions:Agree with remindof feel sorry for Questions:Which sentence was the writer reminded of?Why do we feel sorry for ourselves sometime?Reading:Is Life Fai
11、r?One day,a friend of mine asked me a question,“Do you agree with the idea that life is fair?”His question was a good one.It reminded me of something a teacher said when I was a high school student-“Life isnt fair”.We usuallythink that life should be fair,but we sometimesfeel sorry for ourselves.In
12、fact,life is not fair and will not be fair.我的一个朋友我的一个朋友问我一个问题问我一个问题同意同意生活是公平的这一观点生活是公平的这一观点提醒我一些事提醒我一些事老师说的一些事情老师说的一些事情生活不是公平的生活不是公平的事实上事实上为自己而遗憾为自己而遗憾Para twoUseful expressions:Be full of challenging-challenge expect sb.to do Questions:Which is the most challenging place for the youth today?What do
13、 we mean when we say life is not fair?Reading:Is Life Fair?Life is full of challenges.School is the most challenging place in the life of youth today.When we say that life isnt fair,we mean everyone is different.We look different and have different experiences.We cant expect life to be perfect.Life
14、is what we make it.充满充满青年人的生活青年人的生活有不同的经历有不同的经历期待生活是完美的期待生活是完美的我们创造的（东西，事物）我们创造的（东西，事物）Para threeUseful expressions:ABC give up go on to do Questions:Which is wrong about Patrick?A.He is an ABC B.being hurt when 13 C.gave up after being injured D.never gives up 2.Why didnt Patrick give up?Patrick is
15、 an American-born Chinese.When he was thirteen years old,he broke his neck in an accident.Since then he has been in a wheelchair.But he never gave up and went on to finish school.He knew that a good education was his only way to success and independence.Reading:Is Life Fair?一个在美国出生的中国人一个在美国出生的中国人在事故
16、中在事故中放弃放弃继续读完中学继续读完中学通往通往的途径的途径Para fourUseful expressions:Overcome-overcame-overcome Ph.D Be active in doing be out ofQuestions:What did Patrick do after he was injured?What is he doing now?For Patrick,studying was hard.But he overcame a lot of difficulties and became the best student in his school
17、.Finally he finished the PhD program.Now he is very active in teaching English and helping children who are out of school.Reading:Is Life Fair?克服许多困难克服许多困难 完成了博士课程完成了博士课程积极从事积极从事失学，辍学失学，辍学Para fiveUseful expressions:Be right in doing notuntil failure Questions:Who is Burroughs?What is the meaning of
18、 his saying?“A man can fail many times,but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”Life isnt fair for Patrick,but he has become successful.Burroughs-an American scientist-was right in saying,“A man can fail many times,but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.”Re
19、ading:Is Life Fair?说得对说得对直到直到开始开始Reading Comprehension:1.Do you agree with the idea that life is fair?2.It reminded me of something a teacher said.3.When we say that life isnt fair,we mean everyone is different.4.We usually think that life should be fair,but we sometimes feel sorry for ourselves.5.W
20、e look different and have different experiences.6.We cant expect life to be perfect.7.Life is full of challenges.Life is what we make it.8.But he never gave up and went on to finish school.He knew that a good education was his only way to success and independence.9.But he overcame a lot of difficult
21、ies and became the best student in his school.10.A man can fail many times,but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.Reading Comprehension:Language StudyI.Complete the following sentences by putting the Chinese in the brackets into English.1.Do you _(赞同)my idea that we should spea
22、k English every day?2.My family _(充满了)love and warmth.3.We have to _(克服)many difficulties to study English well.4.I will never_(放弃)learning English.I shall _(继续)to study it hard.5.Our teacher _(积极从事)English teaching.agree withis full ofovercomegive upgo onis active inLanguage StudyII.Complete the fo
23、llowing sentences with the correct form of this words or phrases in the box.1.Xiao Wang is very_ in English classes.2.They did_ study English hard _ they knew it was important.3.He is never afraid of _ in life.4.The picture _ the old man _his hometown.5.Your answer may not be _,but you have to answe
24、r my questions.6.With the help of other people,he finally _smoking.7.If we dont study hard now,we will _ ourselves later.8.Three of us _ the English exam last Friday.activenotuntilchallengesremindedofperfectgave upfeel sorry forfailedThank youBye-bye第十章机械与人第十章机械与人 第一节第一节科学探究：杠杆的平衡条件科学探究：杠杆的平衡条件工作时的工
25、作时的F F2 2 阻力阻力O 支点支点F F1 1 动力动力杠杆：在杠杆：在转动的硬棒转动的硬棒。阻力阻力支点支点动力动力使杠杆转动的力使杠杆转动的力阻碍杠杆转动的力阻碍杠杆转动的力杠杆杠杆：在：在转动的转动的硬棒硬棒。硬棒硬棒跷跷板在水平位置平衡由哪些因素决定？跷跷板在水平位置平衡由哪些因素决定？1.杠杆受到的作用力 2.距离影响跷跷板在水平位置静止水平位置静止的因素有哪些？影响因素影响因素实验实验次数次数左边右边动力F1/N距离L1/cm阻力F2/N距离L2/cm123思考：思考：（1）影响杠杆水平平衡的因素有哪些？（2）观察实验数据，分析杠杆平衡时，这些因素之间有什么关系？支点支点到力
26、的到力的作用点作用点的距离的距离L1F1L2F2杠杆的平衡条件这是阿基米德发现的杠杆原理。F F2 2阻力阻力L L1 1动力臂动力臂L L2 2阻力臂阻力臂动力作用线动力作用线阻力作用线阻力作用线O 支点支点支点到动支点到动力作用线力作用线的距离的距离支点到阻支点到阻力作用线力作用线的距离的距离F F1 1动力动力F1F2找一找杠杆的五要素找一找杠杆的五要素L1L2O O一、杠杆一、杠杆 1.1.定义：定义：。2.2.杠杆的五要素：杠杆的五要素：（1 1）支点：）支点：，用字母用字母 表示。表示。（2 2）动力：）动力：，用字母用字母 表示。表示。（3 3）阻）阻力：力：，用字母用字母 表示
27、。表示。（4 4）动力臂）动力臂 ，用字母用字母 表示。表示。（5 5）阻力臂：）阻力臂：，用字母用字母 表示。表示。二、杠杆的平衡条件二、杠杆的平衡条件 1.1.文字描述：文字描述：。2.2.公式形式：公式形式：。1.图中关于图中关于F力臂的作图，正确的是力臂的作图，正确的是 （）L1F1F1OAF1L1DL1CF1OL1B2.如图所示，杠杆挂上钩码后刚好平衡，每个钩码的质量如图所示，杠杆挂上钩码后刚好平衡，每个钩码的质量 相同，在下列情况中，杠杆还能保持平衡的是（相同，在下列情况中，杠杆还能保持平衡的是（）A、左右钩码各向支点移一格、左右钩码各向支点移一格 B、左右各减少一个钩码、左右各减
28、少一个钩码 C、左右各减少一半钩码、左右各减少一半钩码 D、左右各增加两个钩码、左右各增加两个钩码 “小小称砣能压千斤小小称砣能压千斤”的道理，的道理，比比比比谁说的快、谁说的好！谁说的快、谁说的好！F1F2L1L2O O力臂的作法力臂的作法画出下图杠杆的支点、动力、阻画出下图杠杆的支点、动力、阻力、动力臂、阻力臂力、动力臂、阻力臂F F1 1F F2 2L L1 1L L2 2O O练一练练一练2：画出它们的支点、动力、阻力、动力画出它们的支点、动力、阻力、动力臂、阻力臂臂、阻力臂F F1 1F F2 2L L1 1L L2 2OO F F2 2F F1 1L L1 1L L2 2杠杆的平衡
29、条件（杠杆原理）杠杆要平衡，杠杆要平衡，力乘力臂等。力乘力臂等。大力大力力臂小，力臂小，小力小力力臂大。力臂大。杠杆平衡条件杠杆平衡条件：杠杆平衡时杠杆平衡时F F1 1l1 1F F2 2l2 2 F F1 1F F2 2=l2 2l1 1若若l1 1l2 2，则，则F F1 1 F F2 2若若l1 1=l2 2，则，则F F1 1 F F2 2若若l1 1l2 2，则，则F F1 1 F F2 2省力杠杆省力杠杆等臂杠杆等臂杠杆费力杠杆费力杠杆小结：小结：判断杠杆的类型，实际就是比较判断杠杆的类型，实际就是比较动力动力臂和阻力臂臂和阻力臂的大小的大小：省省力力杠杠杆杆 F1F2L2L1 F1 L1=F2 L2，又又 L1 L2 F1 LL2 2F F1 1FF2 2(动力动力 阻力阻力)省力费距离省距离费力既不省力也不省距离L L1 1LFF2 2(动力动力 阻力阻力)L L1 1=L=L2 2F F1 1=F=F2 2(动力动力=阻力阻力)OF2F1人体中的杠杆人体中的杠杆人体中的杠杆人体中的杠杆1、两个力作用在杠杆两端使杠杆平衡，则（）A.这两个力的大小必须相等 B.这两个力的力臂长必须相等 C.力臂较长的那个力比较大 D.力臂较长的那个力比较小D2、要使杠杆AOB平衡，在图中画出作用在A点的最小的力F的方向：GABFO
