1、2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练专题复习附答案一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练1阅读理解 The negative (负面的) health effects of sleep shortages during the week cant be changed by marathon weekend sleep sessions, according to a new study. Researchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other heal
2、th risks, including diabetes. But there are still some people who hope that shutting off the alarm on Saturday and Sunday will repay the weekly sleep debt and remove any ill effects. The research, published in Current Biology, ruins those hopes. Despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during a
3、weekend recovery period, participants in a sleep laboratory who were limited to five hours of sleep on weekdays gained nearly three pounds over two weeks and experienced metabolic disruption (代谢紊乱) that would increase their risk for diabetes over the long term. While weekend recovery sleep had some
4、benefits after a single week of inadequate sleep, those gains were wiped out when people returned right to their same sleep schedule the next Monday. If there are benefits of catch-up sleep, theyre gone when you go back to your routine. Its very short-lived, said Kenneth Wright, who led the research
5、. These health effects are long-term. Its kind of like smoking once was people would smoke and wouldnt see an immediate effect on their health, but people will say now that smoking is not a healthy lifestyle choice. I think sleep is in the early stage of where smoking used to be. Wright said that th
6、e study suggests people should prioritize sleep cutting out the optional sleep stealers such as watching television shows or spending time on electronic equipment. Even when people dont have a choice about losing sleep due to child-care responsibilities or job schedules, they should think about prio
7、ritizing sleep in the same way they would think about a healthy diet or exercise.（1）What had the researchers already known before doing the new research? A.The actual benefits of weekend recovery sleep.B.Harm to health caused by the lack of routine sleep.C.Peoples habit of shutting off the alarm dur
8、ing holidays.D.The relationship between body weight and sleep amount.（2）Kenneth Wright mentioned smoking to _. A.call on smokers to completely abandon smokingB.advise people to go to sleep when they want to smokeC.show people have known the harm brought by smokingD.show people will someday notice th
9、e bad effects of sleep deprivation（3）What does the underlined word prioritize probably mean? A.Have a low opinion of something.B.Increase the amount of something.C.Cut down something that isnt necessary any more.D.Treat something as being more important than others.（4）What can be the best title for
10、the text? A.Weekend Catch-up Sleep Is a LieB.Bad Sleep Habits Are Harmful to HealthC.A New Study Has an Unexpected DiscoveryD.Advantages and Disadvantages of Catch-up Sleep【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Res
11、earchers have long known that routine sleep deprivation (缺乏) can cause weight gain and increase other health risks, including diabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险，可知，人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中Kenneth Wright说的最后两句话可知：长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的，就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样人们抽烟，没有看到立即的效应，但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健
12、康的生活方式。睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。故选D。 （3）考查词义猜测。划线单词后有一个破折后，起解释说明的作用。由破折后的句意：减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为，比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。可知，我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段就说明了文章中心。第一段段意为：一项发人深省的新研究表明，周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及
13、细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly featur
14、es Napoleon. Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches. It is also an island filled with tre
15、asure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the
16、 island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the new ruler of Elba. I was eager to visit his house in Por
17、toferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother, but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father, Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasnt tr
18、oubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape. In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conquerors anxiou
19、s thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne.（1）What did the author do for the visit
20、to Elba? A.He did research on its past.B.He arranged transportation.C.He planned bicycling routes.D.He booked accommodation.（2）Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text? A.Napoleon and his army.B.Etruscans and other Greeks.C.Dorians.D.Romans.（3）What does the underlined word e
21、nsconced probably mean? A.Settled.B.Locked.C.Cured.D.Controlled.（4）What came to the authors mind during his visit to Napoleons gardens? A.Beautiful views on Elba.B.Terrible living conditions on Elba.C.Napoleons ambition to regain power.D.Hardship of Napoleons return to France.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）A（4）C 【
22、解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved
23、 in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。 （3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上
24、文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conquerors anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻
25、辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldnt be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so Id say I was easily old enough to vote at 16,
26、 but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and Ive got the county court judgment to prove it. However, we broadly agree that theres a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runcimans view that si
27、x-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them t
28、he votealong with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anythingis quite an amusing proposal. Runcimans argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who dont (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, ev
29、en long after theyve lost it. The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while childrens centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (怀念) for a past the young wouldnt even r
30、ecognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair. Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, its not childrens fault. H
31、aving said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was si
32、x, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldnt cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to on
33、ly those things that you wouldnt mind someone else not having. On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, were united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they d
34、o seem to believe in your politics until theyre adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once theres so much enfranchisement (选举权) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wise
35、ly, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldnt necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But thats not worth tal
36、king about anyway, because parents cant be trusted, otherwise wed all already vote Green(绿党). In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while were here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU
37、migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that _. A.certain rights are granted at different stages of lifeB.theres a common standard for the age of adulthoodC.people mature at different rates in various aspectsD.a credit card is mor
38、e difficult to get than the vote（2）People reject David Runcimans proposal because _. A.they believe children are far from mature in many waysB.they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibilityC.they know the age to get the vote is not to be questionedD.they dont think a child can grow in
39、to adulthood earlier（3）What is the base for David Runcimans argument? A.Public ignorance of childrens abilities.B.Inequalities of opportunity.C.A cultural preference for the old.D.The imbalance in political life.（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that _. A.children are in favor of a just
40、society and tend to be idealisticB.children are innocent and dont want to be involved in politicsC.children are simple-minded and can fall for an adults trickD.children are good-natured and like to help people in need（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to _. A.twisted cultureB.p
41、arents objectionsC.misuse of rightsD.unusual maturation（6）What is the main point of the passage? A.There is a difference between adults and children.B.Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.C.The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.D.Parents should introduce politics to their
42、 children.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A（5）C（6）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so Id say I was easily old enough to vote at 16,
43、but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and Ive got the county court judgment to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could
44、 be given responsibility for anything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runcimans argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。 （4）考查推
45、理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldnt cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you li
46、mit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldnt mind someone else not having.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。 （5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母
47、额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。 （6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while were here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇
