1、 英语单项选择英语单项选择应试宝典应试宝典 高考单项填空题所考察的语言知识点多，覆盖面广，且突出语境化因素，旨在考查考生 记忆、理解、掌握中学阶段所学基础语法、基本词汇以及习语的熟练程度和灵活运用语言的 能力。考生除了必须具备扎实的基础外，还要有科学的解题方法。 1.句子结构还原法句子结构还原法 英语中的许多句子会以各种结构出现，如倒装句，强调句等。试题还常以变化句型的方式来 增加语境和句子结构的复杂性。因此考生平时就留意它们的特征，透过复杂的语言环境，结 合语法分析看透题目的意图。正确的方法有： 1）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句）将疑问句、感叹句还原为陈述句 (1) What great d
2、ifficulty we had_ her! A. persuade B. to persuade C. persuading D. persuaded 分析： C。 易选 D。 此句考查感叹句式。 可先将此句还原为陈述句式： We had great difficulty_ her.由 have difficulty(in) doing sth.知 C 项符合条件。 (2) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(2002 上海春招) A. he explained B. what he ex
3、plained C. how he explained D. why he explained 分析：A。易选 D，考生依据常见搭配 the reason why；处理此题首先应该将句子还原为正常语 序，即：this is the reason_ at the meeting .。he explained 前省略了一个 that，that 引导的 是一个定语从句。 (3) Who would you rather have_the report instead of you? A. to write B. write C. writing D. written 2）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语
4、序）将倒装句、强调句还原为正常语序 (3) Mary thought that it was_ that Jane did her to lend her the beautiful car. A. possible B. kind C. necessary D. a favor 分析： D。 句中的宾语从句是一个强调句式。 将其转换为非强调句式: Mary thought that Jane did her_ to lend her the beautiful car. do sb a favor 是习惯搭配，意为“帮某人一个忙”，由此可 以确定 D 为正确答案 (4)_ you eat t
5、he correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. （2008 江苏卷） A. only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will 分析： A。 本题考查倒装句式。 先将其转换为正常语序： You will be able to keep fit and stay healthy only if you eat the correct foods.由于是对主句进行倒装，所以选 A。 3）将省略句还原为完整句）将省略句还原为完整句
6、 省略句可用于简单句及复合句，它的使用虽然能使句子更加简洁，但有时使人理解困难。在 近年来的高考题中已多次出现省略句的考点。条件状语从句、时间状语从句等常用省略形式。 解题时应根据语境逻辑需要将被省略的内容补齐，从而达到正确理解的目的。 (1)Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes， since she _ the Chinese Society. （全国 I 卷） A. has joined B. joins C. had joined D. joined 分析： D。 该题考查 since 时间状语从句中的动词时态。 将第二句补充完整
7、为： Yes， I have known since she _ the Chinese Society.主句为现在完成时，since 的从句常用一般过去时。 (2) One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow， and _.(2000 春季招生) A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 分析：C。易选 A 或 D 两项。C 项补充完整应是 the other should be painted white。A 项
8、中少了 painted，B 及 D 项中不能用 another，因为木板只有两面，两面中的另一面只能用 the other。 (3) When first _ to the market， these products enjoyed great success. (2004 全国卷) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 分析：B。将从句补充完整应为：When they were first introduced to the market。D 项为进行时 的被动语态，表示正在进行，与题意不符。 (4)-W
9、hat should I do with this passage? -_the main idea of each paragraph. A. Find out B. Finding out C. To find out D. Having find out (5)-What made her so sad? -_. A. She lost her money B. Losing her money C. She had lost her money D. Because she lost her money (6)Many volunteers are taking part in the
10、 construction of the library， which， when _， will open to the public. A. to be finished B. finished C. finishing D. having been finished 4）将冗长题干还原为简单题干）将冗长题干还原为简单题干 命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息，使题干复杂化。在解决这类题时，不妨将这些无效 附加信息大胆合理地舍去，这样有利于抓住试题主干，为准确求解扫除障碍。 (1)The other day， my brother drove his car down the street
11、at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004 上海春招) A. as B. which C. what D. that 分析：C。该题考查名词性从句连接词的选用。插入语 I thought 可以舍去不看，at 后面的宾语 从句中缺少主语，因而填 what。What 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D 项 that 在名词 性从句总补充当任何成分。 (2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2000全 国卷） A. carry out
12、 B. carrying out C. to carry out D. carried out 分析： D。 先将此句改变为两个简单句: The managers discussed the plan. 和 They would like to see the plan_ the next year. 这样我们就发现空白处应该用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被 动意义，从而可以判断出 C 项为正确答案 (3) The farm as well as its neighbouring hills we once spent so much time _on a new look as rencent
13、ly as last year. A. on has taken B. has taken C. on having taken D. having taken (4)Its dangerous to let children who are _go swimming in the river. A. too young to B. so young C. not old enough to D. so old (5)The old man insisted that the book Mr. Thompson talked about_. A. was worth reading B. wa
14、s worth to be read C. being worth reading D. be worth reading (6)Is _48 hours _that man-made satellite_is made in our country to orbit the planet around? A. it; that; where B. it; when ; that C. it for; that it takes; that D. it ; that it takes; which (1) Could I ask you a rather personal question?
15、Sure， _. (2008 全国卷 II) A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good idea D. forget it 分析：B。由答语 sure 推知回答者答应对方的请求，go ahead 这里意为“问吧” 。 (2) Good evening. Huangshan Hotel. Good evening. _? （2008 安徽卷） A. Do you still have a room for tonight B. What would you like， please C. Is there anything I can do for you D. Who
16、is that speaking， please 分析：该题考查情境交际。由语境知，这是一电话对话。Huangshan Hotel.是旅馆前台人员的 回答，故应排除 B、C 两项。由第一句可知，后者应试电话者，故只能是咨询“是否有房间？” 因而 A 项符合语境。D 项与宾馆无关。 (3) A cook will be immediately fined if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 分析：B。动词不定式表示将要发生的动作，过去分词表示完成被动的动作，现在分词表示 正在进行的动
17、作从语境“倘若厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟，他将马上被开除”可知，选项 B 为正 确答案 (4)-You were out when I dropped in on you this morning. -I _for the airport to see a friend off. A. have left B. left C. had left D. was leaving (5)I agree with most of what you said， but I dont agree with_. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
18、3. 标点暗示法标点暗示法 标点符号在高考试题中占有一席之地。它在单选题干中看似微不足道，但其作用不可忽视， 特别是在定语从句或分词作状语等的结构时。其中分号有并列连词的功能。高中阶段的并列 连词有 and， but ，so for ，or .看到并列连词说明两个句子是并列的，如果没有并列连词， 就要考虑用从句，非谓语动词，独立主格结构等。破折号表示解释说明。 (1) _ to reach them on the phone， we sent an email instead. （2008 重庆卷） A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 分
19、析：D 该题考查非谓语动词。由题中的逗号可知，前面应是一个非谓语动词结构而非句子， we 与 fail 形成主动关系，且“失败”发生在“发 email”之前，故用现在分词的完成时作状语。 (2) The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors， _ are beyond our control.（2008 湖南卷） A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 分析：B。该题考查非限制性定语从句。因为题干中逗号没有连词，所以不可
20、能是个并列句， 由此排除 A 项；又因为 what， that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，故选 B。 (3)Please do me a favour-_my roommate David that I am leaving for Shanghai and stay there for two days. A. to inform B. informing C. inform D. informed (4)Not far from the club there was a garden， _owner seated in it playing games with his childen e
21、very afternoon. Not far from the club there was a garden， _owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon. Not far from the club there was a garden， and_owner is seated in it playing games with his childen every afternoon. A.whose B.its C.which D.that (5) He wrote five novels，
22、two of _translated into English. He wrote five novels， two of _ were translated into English. He wrote five novels， and two of _ were translated into English. A. it B. them C. which D. that 4.突破思维定式法突破思维定式法(防止有陷阱就往里跳防止有陷阱就往里跳) 思维定式即以习惯的方式解决问题的思路。命题者常利用考生熟悉的句型结构、固定搭配或 母语等巧设陷阱，给考生造成假象。解题中，注意正确理解句意，克服思
23、维定势才是解题的 关键。 (1) _ the project as planned， well have to work two more hours a day.（2008 湖南卷） A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 分析：D。此题考生易选 A。究其原因，他们认为 complete 和 we 形成主动关系，故而用现在 分词结构，却不知此处是表示目的。 (2) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. （
24、2008福建卷） A. It B. What C. As D. Which 分析：B。该题考察名词性从句。考生易选 A 或 C，误把 it 当初形式主语，或将题目看成常见 的 as is known to 引导的非限制性定语从句， 而没有看清前面是个主语从句且主语从句中又少 主语，这里只有 what 有这个功能。 (3) The home improvements have taken what little there is_ my spare time. (NMET 2001) A. from B. in C. of D. at 分析：C。很多考生误选了 B 项考生是受了 in ones
25、spare time 这个习惯搭配的干扰而不知道 此处的 what little 与 my spare time 构成的是所有关系，即部分与整体的关系 (4)We should stop pollution_ longer. A.from living B.to live C.living D will live （5）Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing Awhere B.that C.why D.when (6)We should do more such exe
26、rcises in the future ， I think， _those we did yesterday. A.as B.like C.about D.than (9)-Where did you get the information of the course? -It was on the Internet_different types of courses are advertised. A. that B. where C. whose D. which (10)Mr. King， _car the little boy goes to kindergarten every
27、day is his fellow friends father. A. whose B. in whose C. which D. in which (11)We could not afford to buy the books because _of us had _money on us. A. all ; no B. none ; any C. any; no D. no one; any (12) Everyone here will thank the firefighter for the things they have done to prevent fires_the e
28、nvironment safer. A. make B. to making C， to make D. from making 5.固定搭配法固定搭配法 固定搭配法就是根据词与词的搭配关系来找某问题答案的方法。常见的是一些特定的句型、 句式和某些固定的短语搭配等。 (1) It is often said that the joy of traveling is _ in arriving at your destination _ in the journey itself. （2008 江苏卷） A. / but B. / or C. not or D. not but 分析：D。本题考
29、查的是固定搭配。not but 是固定词组，意为“不是而是”。 (2) You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.(2008 福建) A. for B. when C. with D. while 分析：C。本题考查 with 的复合结构用法。with+名词+形容词，with 的复合结构在句中做状语， 表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其它三项均为连词，应接句子。 (3) I _ it as a basic principle of the company that su
30、ppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products. （2008 江西卷） A. make B. look C. take D. think 分析：C。本题考查固定短语的用法。take as “把当作” ，题中 it 做形式宾语。 (4) I wonder _got him the job， his fluency in English or his good looks . A. which was it that B. what this was that C. which it was that
31、 D. how it was (5)Mr .Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_his oral English before going abroad。 A.improve B。to improve C.improving D.to improving (6)Before he went abroad ， he spent as much time as he_English. A.could learning B.learned C.to learn D.could learn (7)You can imagine what great
32、 difficulty I have _your house. A.found B.finding C.to find D.for finding (8)Who is it up_decide whether to go or not. A.to to B.for for C.to for D.for to (9).Time should be made good use of_our lessons well. A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.having learned (10)It was _the old clock that the old man
33、 spent the whole morning at home A.repair B.repairing C.to repair D.in repair (11)_occurred to me that the murder happened_a rainy day. A. What; in B. What ; on C. It; in D. It; on (12)Its high time that we _our work and _supper now. A. stop; have B. stopped; had C. stop; should have D. stopped; hav
34、e 6.逻辑推理法逻辑推理法 有时考生需要将选项放入句中看前后的意思是否通顺，是否符合上下文逻辑，通过逻辑来选 出正确答案。 (1) Hi， Mark. How was the musical evening? Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _ and they won the first prize.（2008 安徽卷） A. skillfully B. commonly C. willingly D. nervously 分析： A。 由 excellent 以及后半句的 won the first prize 推知空白处的词应该是赞扬 Ales 和
35、 Andy 的表现，具有迷惑性的 C 项表示“自愿地” ，不符合题意。A 项 skillfully 意为“技术高超地” ， 符合题意。 (2) In some places women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. (2008 四川卷) A. but B. while C. because D. though 分析：B。本句前半句意思是“某些地方女人被期待去挣钱” ，后半句意为“男人在家工作并 抚养孩子” ，可见两部分意思形成对比，此处 while 相当于 and at the s
36、ame time。 7.语法分析法语法分析法 对基本语法的灵活运用是高考单项填空考查的一个主要内容。解题时必须仔细分析句子结构 后，注意句子前后的一致性，如主谓一致、时态一致、代词一致等，并且快速划分出意群， 弄清句子结构，找出所缺句子的成分，这样才有利于问题的解决。 (1)_wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （2008 浙江卷） A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 分析：C。本题考查名词性从句。分析语法成分可知has to pay their own way 中缺少主语。该 主语由主
37、语从句充当，再分析主语从句，知从句缺少主语，而这里只有 whoever 能既引导从 句，又在从句中作主语，相当于 anyone who。 (2) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.（2008 江西卷） A. where B. when C. who D. which 分析：A。该句考查定语从句。划分意群知主句是：Later in this chapter cases will be introduc
38、ed to readers.后半部分是个分割式定语从句，先行词是 cases。因为定语从句只缺少地点状语， 故选 where。 8.比较、排除法比较、排除法 比较是对语法知识、词义、相似结构进行比较，最后选出正确答案。排除法不能单独使用， 它只是前几种方法的补充，因为排除某一选项必须依据固定搭配和句子结构才能进行。 (1) Im sorry youve been waiting so long， but itll still be some time _ Brian get back. (2008 北 京卷) A. before B. since C. till D. after 分析：A。考
39、查连词及相似句型的辨析。It is some time before 是一个句型，表示“在之前还有 一段时间”。考生还要注意区别一下四个相似句型： 1）It will be/was+一段时间+before表示“才”或“就”； 2)It has been/is+时间段+since表示“自以来已有多长时间”； 3)It is/was +时间点+when表示“当时，时间是”，when 引导时间状语从句； 4)It is/was +强调部分+that/who为强调句式。 (2) This is such a wonderful film _ we have never seen A. that B.
40、as C. which D. what 分析：B。易错选 A。注意区分 suchthat 和 suchas 的用法。在 such. that 引导的结果状语 从句中， that 不充当句子成分， 而在 such. as 引导的定语从句中， as 常作定语从句的主语 或宾语。此题 seen 后缺少一个宾语， 故后面是一个定语从句。 (3) _in thought， he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 分析：C。 “in thought”意为“在思考中”，表状
41、态，所以所填的非谓语动词不能是 V-ing 形式， 排除 A 项和 B 项；D 项 To lose 置于句首常表示目的，与题意不符；Lost 为过去分词相当于形 容词，与本题相符，故 C 项正确。 9. 综合分析法综合分析法 上述每一种解题方法绝不是唯一的，各种方法之间的关系是互补的，是相互渗透的。因此在 解题过程中，灵活、巧妙地使用多种方法往往较只用一种方法效果更好，而命题人越来越倾 向于从多角度、综合地考查考生的知识水平。因此，解体时要瞻前顾后，通盘考虑。 As we all know， every minute， _ full use of_ our lessons， will do g
42、ood to us students. A. which makes; studying B. when made; to study C. that is made; study D. that is made; studying 分析:B。 此题题干很长，但分析句子结构可知，其主句应该为：As we all know， every minute will do good to us students. every minute 后面又有一个由 when 引导的省略的状语从句若将其 补全，则应为: When every minute is made full use of to study
43、our lessons.可以将被动语态转换 为主动语态，即: When we students make full use of every minute to study our lessons . ，这样 就不难选出答案了。 10. 口诀法口诀法 （1）-Where is that _tie I bought last month? -Cant you remember giving it to Rachel as a wedding gift？ A. silk new black B. new silk black C. new black silk D. black new silk
44、形容词的排列顺序口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往 后靠 1.在记忆介词 but，except 后接不定式时带不带 to 这个知识点时，有同学编了一句话“Do 与 to 不共戴天”，即“有 do 无 to，无 do 有 to”，就彻底解决了这一问题。即在含介词 but 的句型 中，but 前有 do，则 but 后的不定式不能带 to；相反，but 前若找不到 do，则 but 后的不定式 必定带 to.例如： She could do nothing but cry.她只好哭了。 （她除了哭以外别的什么也不能做。 ） I have no choice but t
45、o accept the fact.我别无选择，只好接受这个事实。 2.在记忆表“某国人”的名词的单复数是否加“s”时， 我们可记住这一句话： 中日不变， 英法不变， 其他“s”加后边。 即 Chinese， Japanese 单复数同形； Englishman， Frenchman 的复数为 Englishmen， Frenchmen；其他像 German，American，Australian 等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。 3.lie lay lain 躺lay laid laid 放下；产蛋lie lied lied 撒谎，这几个词在拼写上很容易混淆，有 人编了这样的口诀：规则的“撒谎
46、”，不规则的“躺”，“躺”过就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不规则。“规则” 指规则变化，“不规则”即不规则变化，如 lie 作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去 分词直接加d；“躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即 lie 的过去式 lay 是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不 规则变化。 He lay there lying that the hen laid an egg. 4. 感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀 二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个，或：一感二听三使四看。 一感；feel 二听：hear，listen to 三使：make ，let ，have 四看：look at，see，watch，notic
47、e 使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to 在句中象妖怪。 主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。 动词 let 要除外，to 词可来可不来。 11.句子结构分析法：有些试题本来十分简单，但是命题者却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们句子结构分析法：有些试题本来十分简单，但是命题者却通过使用定语从句，或者将我们 十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉。十分熟悉的固定词组有意拆开，重新组合，使我们在结构上产生错觉。 1.-Where do you think_he_the computer? -Sorry， I have no idea. A.had ; bought B.has ; bought C.did; buy D./; bought 注意： 在 do you think/believe/suppose/imagine 与特殊疑问词连用时， 习惯把
