1、学习目标1.让学生了解主谓一致的特点2.让学生学习主谓一致的规则3.使学生能根据自己的特点正确、恰当地运用主谓一致规则内容课堂导入主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。主语的人称和数决定谓语动词的数。一、题型真 题考点解读语法填空While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it is（be）more ef
2、fective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.When fat and salt are removed（remove）from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.Fast food is（be）full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Leaving the less impo
3、rtant things until tomorrow is（be）often acceptable.This cycle goes（go）day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely ofset（抵消）for the outside temperatures.近几年高考对主谓一致的考查主要在语法一致和意义一致，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。二、 分析下列句子Both yo
4、u and I have seen an English film before.Last Sunday my uncle was at home with me.But there are some inspiring stories worth reading.知识讲解考点一：主谓一致一、主谓一致原则一览表原则概念例句语法一致原则指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式Steve Ember is a good player. Children like toys. 意义一致原则指主语形式上为单数，但表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示
5、单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式My family are having lunch now.News is traveling fast nowadays. 就近原则谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语There is a knife and two forks on the desk. Either you or he is to go. 二、概念归纳1. 表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：Two hours is quite enough. 两个小时足够了。2. 以-s结尾的名词作主语时，根据其意思来接的谓语动词的单复数。 表学科的名词
6、(physics等)、书报名(the Times等)、国名(the United States等)或组织名称(the United Nations等)及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 单复数同形的名词，如means, works等作主语时，谓语动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过了。 the Olympic Games作主语时，谓语动词用复数。3. 集体名词作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。 people, police, cattle, you
7、th等名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 clothing, furniture, equipment等名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 family, class, government等名词表示整体概念时谓语动词用单数，表单位成员时谓语动词用复数。4. “a number of / a variety of+复数名词”、“the+形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of / the variety of+复数名词”、 “the+形容词”作主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is loved by all. (表抽象的概念) 美的事物人人都爱
8、。5. 以and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但名词前有each, every, no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Walking and riding are good exercises. 散步和骑车是很好的运动。Each boy and each girl wants to have a holiday. 每个男孩与女孩都想要假期。注意：当and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：The teacher and writer is popular with his students. 那位是作家兼老师，很受学生欢迎。(指同一人)6. 动
9、名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语用单数。但what引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。What we need are books. 我们需要的是书籍。7. 主语后接with, together with, including, combined with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in addition to等构成的介词短语时，谓语根据主语的单复数而定。如：John, rather than his roommates, is
10、 to blame. 约翰，而不是他的室友，应该收到责备。8. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that”引导的定语从句中的动词用复数；但当one之前有the only/very等修饰时，从句中的动词用单数。如：This is one of the girls who were late for school this morning. 她是今天早上上课迟到的女孩之一。This is the only one of the girls who was late for school this morning. 她是唯一一个今天早上上课迟到的女孩。9. glasses, shoes, tro
11、users等复数名词若其前有pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时，谓语根据量词的单复数而定。如：A pair of shoes is under the bed. 床下有一双鞋。10. 由“a lot of / lots of / plenty of / half of / the rest of / most of +名词/代词”或“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词决定单复数。如：Three fifths of the books are intended for the poor students. 五分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。The res
12、t of the money belongs to you. 剩下的钱是你的。11. 由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接的名词或代词作主语及there be结构中，谓语动词与它靠近的主语保持一致。如：Not only we but also the teacher likes watching the CBA basketball games. 不仅是我们，还有老师也喜欢看CBA篮球赛。12. “不定代词(all指人除外)、many a +名词单数、more than one +名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：All has b
13、een finished. 所有的都完成了。All are late for the meeting. 所有人开会都迟到了。More than one person has made the suggestion. 不仅一个人提出了建议。考点二、There be 句型There be句型是一种应用十分广泛和频繁的句型。但是对there be句型的多变的特点及其特殊结构的复杂性，并不是每个考生都熟悉了解。在考试题中也常常遇到这一句型结构的试题。例如： Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon A）there to be a
14、 chance B）there being a chance C）there be a chance D）being a chance 又如： No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following dayA）there beB）there would be C）there wasD）there being 再如： It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by c
15、lapping，singing，or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound该句子中出现了for there to be 的结构，如果按照上一题的解题思路去理解：介词后要求跟 V-ing 分词结构作宾语，那么，这一结构似乎是错的；但是，实际上此结构没有错，此处只能够用 for there to be，而不能用 there being。为什么呢？这就是本文想要解答的问题：there be 句型的特殊结构及其用法。现将 there be 句型的几种特殊结构及其用法进行归纳、总结如下： There be结构主要用于表示“某处有某人，某物或某事”
16、，有时也可用来强调。1. there be句型中的主谓一致 主语和谓语Be必须在数上一致。如有两个以上主语，谓语依最近的主语而定。 Are there any apples in the fridge? There is a desk, a computer and piles of books in the room.小练习： there a book on the table? There two apples and an orange on the table.2、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 live，stand，exist，remain等，用来表示
17、静止、存在、有。例如： There lives a family of five in the village There remains nothing more to be done There stands the Monument to the Peoples Heroes at the center of the Tiananmen Square There exist different opinions on this question (动词的单三形式根据紧跟的名词单复数形式变化)3、there be 句型中的谓语动词be被一些不及物动词代替，如 come，spring up，
18、appear，emerge，arrive，enter，follow, 等，用来表示突然出现。例如： There appears to be no substitute for this stuff yet There came a company of actors and actresses There followed a spirited discussion after class4、there be句型中的谓语动词be被be likely to be，happen to be，seem（to be）， occur等代替，用来描写事物。例如： There are likely to b
19、e more difficulties than they have been prepared for There happened to be nobody in the room There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape，the relative length of day and night，and the climate must all play a big part in de
20、termining what kind of people we are There have occurred many great changes since we met last 5、there be句型与各种情态动词连用。 例如： There must be something wrong here There might still be some vacant seats in the rear There ought to be something with which to fill your stocking 6、there be句型中be用不定式，形成（for）there
21、 to be 宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在（for）there to be 宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。这种不定式结构在句中作逻辑宾语、状语和主语。1）there to be 宾格词在句中作宾语。例如： The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams there to be 宾格词结构在句中作动词expect的宾语，句中的宾格词m ore review- ing classes作there to be不定式结构的逻辑主语。特别应该注意的是there后的不定式只能用to
22、be的形式，因为这种不定式结构是从there be结构转化而来的。又如： People dont want there to be another war Members like there to be plenty of choice Perhaps transportation and the means of communication have really made it possible for there to be an end to the big cities2）for there to be 宾格词在句中作状语。例如： It isnt cold enough for t
23、here to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim s car out quite safely（for there to be 宾格词作结果状语） 特别应该注意的是，for there to be 宾格词在句中作状语时必须用介词 for引出 there be 后面的宾格词。又如： For there to be successful communication，there must be attentiveness in the meeting.（for there to be 宾格词作目的状语） They planned for there to b
24、e another meeting（for there to be 宾格词作目的状语） 3)for there to be 宾格词在句中作主语。例如： Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company 特别应该注意的是， for there to be 宾格词在句中作主语时必须用介词for引出 there be后面的宾格词。又如： It is impossible for there to be any more apples For there to be so few people in the streets was
25、 unusual 7、there be句型中be用V ing分词，形成（of）there being 宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在（of）there be- ing 宾格词的结构中，主语是宾格词。 1)there being 宾格词在句中作宾语。例如：Have you ever thought of there being so many work units for you to choose on the talents meeting？（there being 宾格词作宾语） there being 宾格词结构在句中作介词of的宾语，句中的宾格词so m any work u
26、- nits作there beingV-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： No one had told him anything about there being a beautiful story about the lake John was relying on there being another opportunity 2)there being 宾格词在句中作状语。例如： There being no cause for alarm ，she went back to her bedroom（there being 宾格词作原因状语） there being 宾格词结构在
27、句中作状语，句中的宾格词no cause作there being V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。又如： There having been a strong suspicion against the ability of the director，the department asked him to resign（there being 宾格词作原因状语） There being nothing to be done，they have to go back home（there being 宾格词作原因状语） There being no further business，the c
28、hairm an closed the meeting（there being 宾格词作原因状语） 3)there being 宾格词在句中作主语。例如： There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage there being 宾格词结构在句中作主语，句中的宾格词a bus stop作there being V-ing分词短语结构的逻辑主语。 8、there be 句型中 be 用 be V-ed 分词，形成there be V-ed分词宾格词结构，表示有或存在（某种情况），在there be V-ed 分词宾格词的结
29、构中，主语是宾格词。例如： There was found a lot of food in the kitchen cupboard There are now published millions of books every year in China There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai 9、there be no 主语名词的习惯用法。 1)V-ing分词在there be no结构中作主语，表示不可能、无法。例如： There is no denying the fact t
30、hat China is still a developing country There is no joking about such matters There is no telling what will happen to him next 2)there is no point V-ing分词，表示没有必要，无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如： We are disappointed with the new officer elected in our bridge club，but thereis no point worrying about it 3)there is no
31、use V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处。例如： There is no use advising him to give up smoking 4)there is no good V-ing分词，表示无用，没有意义，没有用处，没有益处。例如： There is no good discussing the matter with such a fool 10、在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，修饰主语的情况。 1)在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式。例如： There is no time to lose
32、to be lost There are still many things to take care of to be taken care of 在口语中多用主动形式。但是有时候两种形式可能表示不同的意思。试比较： There is nothing to do now（We have nothing to do now） There is nothing to be done now（We can do nothing now） There is nothing to see（nothing worth seeing） There is nothing to be seen（nothing
33、 there at all） 2)在由there be 主语名词引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的分词或分词短语在意思上相当于一个定语从句。例如：There were 200 children studying（who were studying）music，dancing.Is there anything planned（that has been planned）for tonight？练习巩固一、单项选择1_ is known to all is that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals an
34、d sports, _ many students to our school.AWhat drawsBWhichdrawCIt drawDAs draws2The crime _ looked into carefully before he _ charged with murder.A/; /B/; wasCwas; /Dwas; was3-When is Jack going to finish writing that essay?I dont know. He _ day in and day outAhas been workingBhas workedChad been wor
35、kingDwas working4Singapore is a playground for the wealthy, so its surprising that in the past five years, most of the purchasing desire _ from those at the bottom of the economic pyramid.AcameBcomesChas comeDhave come5Terry received about ten gifts on his birthday, _ were from his lovely classmates
36、.Amost of themBone of whichCmost of whichDand most of which6People_make a lot of decisions in daily life.And sometimes its difficult.Ais having toBhaveChave toDhas to7The students who always_to school arent walking to school today.AwalksBwalkedCwalkDwalking8Although there is more female participatio
37、n in IT workforce,_ a significant imbalance of male and female senior positions.Ait remainsBthere remainsCthere remainingDthat remains9A great number of small power stations _ up in their province since 1960.Aare setBhave setChave been setDwill have been set10Please feel free to tell me if you dont
38、think two days holiday _ enough.AisBwasCareDWere11John is one of the best writers who _ published a lot of books.AhasBhaveChave beenDare12In addition to John and Helen, their cousin _ visit us next month.Ais coming toBare coming toCare toDis likely13Peter, as well as his assistant,_a chemical experi
39、ment yesterday, but I wonder whether he has finished it.AperformedBwas performingChad performedDwere performing14Wine is the worlds favorite drink enjoyed on almost every occasion where great times_ with friends.Aare being sharedBis sharedCsharesDshare15The number of the students who want to take th
40、e test on the mainland_ steadily in recent years, with the average staying about 70,000 a year.AgrewBhas grownChave grownDhad grown16Summer Olympics usually about two weeks and the events are divided into five parts.Alast Blasted Care lastedDis lasted17The countrys population _ small, and most of it
41、s population _ in the mountainous areasAare; lives Bare; live Cis; live Dis; lives18His emotional problems _ the day when his father walked out of the home and never came back.Adate back toBdated fromCare dated fromDdated back19Not only the driver but also the passers-by _ danger because of the mech
42、anical failure.Awere exposed toBwas exposed inCwas exposed toDwere exposed in20Three-fourths of the buildings _.Awere destroyed Bis destroyedCwas destroyed Dhas been destroyed21The number of the teachers who _ cars _ increasing.Aown; are Bown; is Cowns; is Downs; are22The university estimates that l
43、iving expenses for international students _ around $8,450 per year, which _ a burden for some of them.Aare; is Bis; are Cis; isDare; are23If you have any question, please _ free to contact me at sue_smith.Ato feel Bfeeling Cfeel Dfelt24Lydia, what did our head-teacher say just now? Every boy and eve
44、ry girl as well as the teachers who _ to lead the group _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.Ais; isBare; areCare; isDis; are25E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.Ais playing Bhave played Care playingDplay26I hope Lily will come to see me before she .AleaveBleftCleavesDwill leave27Neither I nor Amy _ to attend the business conference if we are busy.AwasBwereCisDare28 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.AisBwereCwasDare29 Neither Tom nor Jac
