2021年初中英语语法知识—定语从句的真题汇编及答案解析.docx

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1、一、选择题1Qian Xuesen, the father of Chinas space program, is a man _all Chinese should remember.AwhatBwhoCwhich2The most interesting thing _ I can remember now is that we celebrated our birthdays together last year.AwhatBhowCthatDwhy3Shirley is the girl _ taught me how to use Wechat(微信).AwhomBwhichCwho

2、4The painting by Picasso _ is about peoples love for life is shown in the museum.AwhoBwhichCwhat5Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.Awhat; whoseBhow; whoChow; whose6Mrs. Green is proud of her daughter, a nurse _is

3、hard-working and looks after patients well.AwhoBwhoseCwhom7Liu Xiang is the first player in Asia _ won the gold prize in the 110-hurdle race in the 28th Olympic Games.AwhichBwhoCwhomDthat8 Have you found your student card you lost last week? Yes. Ms. Smith saw it in the classroom corner.AwhoBwhichCw

4、hose:9The four tools _ people use for Chinese handwriting are called“Four Treasures of Study”.AthatBwhoCwhatDwhom10Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.Athat; whoseBhow; whoCwhat; whoDwhat; whose11-Linda, can you tel

5、l me something about Mo Yan?-Sure. He is the writer _won the Nobel Literature Prize.AwhichBwhoseCwhoDwhom12Behind the Ruian Square there is _. We often enjoy reading books.Aa museum that is open in the day timeBa library that has a lot of booksCa market which sells delicious fruitDa restaurant which

6、 will be built in 2 years13Ill tell you everything _ I know.AwhichBwhoCthatDwhat14Look at that girl _ name is Lucy.AwhoBwhoseCwhichDwhom15Friends are those_always help you out and encourage you to succeed.AwhomBwhichCwho16I still remember the college and the teachers _ I visited in London years ago.

7、AwhatBwhoCthatDwhich17Do you like the music that you relaxed?AmakeBmakingCmakes18What kind of music do you like?I love all the music _I can sing along with()AwhichBwhoCthat19Do you like watching movies?Yes. I prefer movies _give me something to think about.AthatBwhatCwhenDwho20Think of others more t

8、han yourself. A person_cares for others is popular everywhere.AwhoBwhichCwhomDwhose21 What are you looking for? Im looking for the book _ you bought last Sunday.AwhoBwhenCthat22 We should do something to help the students _ are unable to go to school. Lets turn to Miss Green. She can always _ any pr

9、oblem we face.Awho; put outB/; work outCwho; work outDthat; put out23She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination.AwasBwereChasDhave24This is the reason _he gave for his absence from school.It is the least believable excuse _I have ever heard.Athat; thatBwhy; /Cwhy; whichDfor which; that

10、25I hear that Lucys mother is a teacher in our school. Yes, look, the woman _ is teaching over there is her mother.AwhomBwhoCwhatDwhich【参考答案】*试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:钱学森,中国太空计划之父,是一个所有中国人都应该记住的人。考查定语从句。what引导名词性从句;who引导定语从句,先行词是人;which引导定语从句,先行词是物,根据句意,分析句子结构,可知本句为定语从句,先行词为a man,所以关系代词用who

11、,故选B。2C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:我现在能记得的最有趣的事情是去年我们一起过生日。考查定语从句的关系词。本定语从句的先行词The most interesting thing是物,且先行词前有最高级修饰,关系词在定语从句中做remember的宾语,可知使用关系代词that;故选C。【点睛】关系代词that 用法:(1)that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。(2)先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, e

12、verything, nothing等不定代词时,通常用that。(3)先行词被all, every,no, some, any, (a)few,(a)little, much,the only, the very,the right,the last等限定词修饰时,通常用that。(4)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,通常用that。(5)先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时,通常用that。(6)先行词为数词时,通常用that。3C解析:C【解析】句意:雪莉是教会我如何使用微信的一个女孩。whom修饰人,在定语从句中作宾语或表语;which修饰事物,在定语从句中主语或宾语,或表语。who修

13、饰人,在定语从句作主语,宾语或表语。此处作为定语从句的主语,修饰the girl,故用who。故选C。4B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:毕加索画的关于人们对生活的热爱的那幅画在博物馆被展出。本题考查定语从句。who引导定语从句,修饰人;which引导定语从句,修饰事物;what引导名词性从句。此处修饰the painting的定语从句,表示事物,用which引导,故选B。5A解析:A【解析】【详解】句意:Lily 不知道她和她的朋友们能做些什么,来帮助那个父母为了钱离开家乡的小男孩。考查宾语从句和定语从句。A. what什么;whose谁的;B. how如何;who谁;C. how如何; wh

14、ose谁的。根据she and her friends can do可知,此处do后面缺宾语,即“做的事情”,所以第一空用what;根据parents have left their hometown for making money是boy的后置定语,是对boy的进一步解释说明,且parents和boy之间是“所属”关系,所以第二空用whose。故选A。6A解析:A【解析】【详解】句意:格林女士为她的女儿感到骄傲,她是一名努力工作并且把病人照顾得很好的护士。考查定语从句。who指人,作主语/宾语;whose指人/物,作定语;whom指人,作宾语。分子句子可知,此处指代a nurse是人,且在

15、其后的定语从句中用于is之前作主语,故选A。7D解析:D【解析】【详解】句意:刘翔是亚洲第一位在第28届奥运会110栏比赛中获得金奖的运动员。考查定语从句关系词。Which定语从句关系词,先行词指物;who定语从句关系词,先行词是人;whom定语从句关系词,先行词是人,在定语从句中做宾语;D. that定语从句关系词,先行词指人或物;先行词是the first player是人,先行词前有序数词,关系词指用that。根据题意,故选D。【点睛】在定语从句中,先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时一定要用that。如:Tom is the tallest boy that I have seen b

16、efore.8B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:你找到上周丢的学生证了吗?是的。史密斯女士在教室的角落里看到了它。考查定语从句中的引导词辨析。A.who谁,定语从句的引导词,指人,在定语从句中做主语; B.which哪一个,定语从句的引导词,指物,在定语从句中做主语和宾语; C.whose谁的,定语从句的引导词,指人,在定语从句中做定语 。根据先行词 student card 是物,应用which故选B。9A解析:A【解析】【详解】句意:这四种人们用来写书法的工具被称为“文房四宝”。考查定语从句的引导词。A. that既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。B. who指人,在从

17、句中作主语。 C. what引导名词性从句。D. whom指人,在从句中作宾语,常可省略。题干为定语从句,故可排除C。先行词the four tools,指物,所以此处应用that引导从句。故选A。10D解析:D【解析】that引导宾语从句一般不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;how引导宾语从句,一般做方式状语;what引导宾语从句,做从句的逻辑主语或者宾语。句意:莉莉不知道她和她的朋友们能做什么来帮助这个小男孩,他的父母离开家乡去挣钱了。结合语境可知前文是宾语从句,what,什么,充当宾语从句谓语动词do的逻辑宾语。下文为定语从句,the little 宾语boy和parents是逻辑上的所有关

18、系,故引导词用whose,选D。考点:英语从句11C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:-琳达,你能告诉我一些关于莫言的事情吗?-当然。他是获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家。考查定语从句,先行词为the writer(人),关系代词在定语从句中作主语。who可以指代人,可作主语;whom 只能作宾语;whose 作定语;which 只能指代物。故选:C。12B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:瑞安广场后面有个图书馆,里面有很多书。 我们经常喜欢读书。考查意义一致。A. a museum that is open in the day time白天开放的一个博物馆;B. a library that has a l

19、ot of books有许多书的一家图书馆;C. a market which sells delicious fruit出售美味水果的一家市场;D. a restaurant which will be built in 2 years两年以后将会建成的一家饭店。根据We often enjoy reading books.可知,我们经常在那里读书,所以那是一个图书馆,里面有好多书。故选B。13C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:我会把我知道的一切都告诉你。考查定语从句关系词。which先行词是物;who先行词是人;that先行词是人或物;what什么,不能引导定语从句;根据句意理解及句子结构分

20、析可知,先行词是everything,指物且为不定代词,所以这里应该用that引导,故选C。【点睛】定语从句中先行词指物时,关系词可以用which,也可以用that,但有些情况只能用that,只用that的情况有:先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ;先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;先行词有only, very, any等词修饰;先行词既能表示人又表示物时。本题中就属于第一种情况,先行词是不定代词,所以只能用that引导。14B解析:B【解析】试题分析:句意:看那个叫露西的女孩。Whose name is Lucy为一定语从句,修饰前面的先行词that girl;

21、定语从句中的主语缺少一个定语即女孩的名字;故选B。考点:考查定语从句的引导词。15C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:朋友是那些总是帮助你,鼓励你成功的人。本题考查定语从句。whom引导定语从句,修饰人,作宾语或表语;which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语,宾语或表语;who引导定语从句,修饰人,作主语,宾语或表语。此处引导定语从句,先行词those指的是人,定语从句中缺少主语,用who引导。故选C。16C解析:C【解析】试题分析:句意:我仍旧记得几年前去伦敦访问的大学和老师们。what一般不用于定语从句;who在定语从句中指人; that既可指人,也可指物;which指物。结合语境可知本句中先

22、行词the college and the teachers中既有人,又有物,故只能用关系代词that,所以选C。考点:考查关系代词。17C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:你喜欢让你放松的音乐吗?考查谓语动词。本句是定语从句,先行词是music,第三人称单数,关系代词that在定语从句中做主语,可知定语从句的谓语动词使用三单形式,填makes;故选C。18C解析:C【解析】【详解】句意:你喜欢哪种音乐?我喜欢能跟着唱的所有音乐。考查定语从句辨析。which指物的关系代词;who指人的关系代词;that既指人又指物的关系代词。根据句子结构,空格处所在句子是一个定语从句。先行词是music,指物,在

23、从句中作宾语成分,可以用关系词which或that但是先行词有all修饰时,只能用关系词that。故选C。【点睛】判断定语从句中的关系词,首先确定先行词是指人还是指物,再判断先行词在从句中作主语还是宾语成分。如果是指人并在从句中作主语,用关系代词who/that;如果是指物,并在从句中作主语或宾语,用关系代词that/which。先行词被不定代词all/something等修饰时,先行词只能用that。19A解析:A【解析】【详解】句意:你喜欢看电影吗?是的,我喜欢电影,它给我一些东西来思考。此题考查定语从句,横线上是引导词代替先行词,做主语,先行词是movies电影,物,选择that,故选A

24、。20A解析:A【解析】句意:想想别人胜过你自己。关心别人的人在各地都很受欢迎。A. who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中作主语;B. which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词为物,在从句中作主语或宾语;C. whom 关系代词,可以引导定语从句,先行词是人,在从句中只能作宾语;D. whose先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作定语。此句的先行词是人,引导定语从句的关联词在定语从句中作主语,故答案为A。点睛:在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who

25、, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过

26、去帮忙。3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。21C解析:C【解析】句意:你正在寻找什么?我正在寻找上周日你买的那本书。who引导定语从句,修饰人,作定语从句的主语或宾语;when引导定语从句,作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰事物或人,

27、作主语或宾语。此处修饰的先行词the book是事物,作定语从句谓语bought的宾语,故用that引导定语从句,故选C。22C解析:C【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:我们应该做一些事去帮助那些不能去上学的学生。让我们求助于Green小姐,她总能解决我们面临的问题。考查定语从句关系代词和动词短语。根据句意,可知此空填定语从句的关系代词,指代先行词students且作定语从句的主语,students是人,可用who或者that指代且不能省略。put out 熄灭;work out 解决。根据句意,work out符合题意。故选C。【点睛】关系代词 which,that,who引导定语从句在从句中作

28、主语、宾语或者表语。作宾语的时候,关系代词可以省略。that既可以指人也可以指物;who只能指人;which只能指物。23D解析:D【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:她是少数几个通过考试的女孩之一。考查主谓一致。根据句意可知,这是一个含有定语从句的句子并且时态是现在完成时。关系代词who指代的是前面的few girls,是复数,故助动词用have。故选D。24A解析:A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:这就是他为自己旷课给出的原因。这是我听过的最不可信的借口。考查定语从句。根据句意可知,第一个空格所在句是定语从句,先行词为reason,根据定语从句中的动词give后缺少宾语,故使用关系代词that指代先行词,作give的宾语。故第一个空格用that;第二个空所在句也是个定语从句,先行词excuse前被形容词最高级修饰,故用that作先行词。第二个空格填that。故选A。25B解析:B【解析】【详解】句意:我听说露西的妈妈是我们学校的一名教师。是的,看,正在那里教学的女人是她的妈妈。考查定语从句。whom关系代词,指人,在从句中作宾语;who关系代词,指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what定语从句关系词没有what;which关系代词,指物,在从句中作主语和宾语。先行词是the woman,指人,且在从句中作主语,用who,故选B。

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