1、语法突破篇语法突破篇第第 二二 编编第十一讲并列句和状语从句第十一讲并列句和状语从句0202考点精讲0303达标检测栏目导航0101感悟高考返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)1阿凡答1038280(2016新课标,61)In much of Asia,especially the socalled“rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,_ Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.0101感悟高考解析:句意:在亚洲的大部分国家,特别是中国、日本、韩国和越南这些所谓的“饭碗”文化中,人们通常用
2、筷子吃饭。此处是并列关系,所以填and。and返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2阿凡答1038281(2016四川,70)It was time for her to have a new baby,_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析:句意:那是她要孕育一个新宝宝的时候,也是年轻的熊猫独立的时候。前后句为顺承关系,故用and连接。3阿凡答1038282(2016北京,35)I am not afraid of tomorrow,_ I have seen yesterday and I love
3、today.解析:句意:我不害怕明天,因为我见证了昨天,热爱今天。语境不表示转折或递进关系,而是因果关系,故用并列连词for,说明原因。andfor返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)4阿凡答1038283(2016新课标,65)Over time,_ the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析:句意:经过一段时间,随着人口的增长,人们开始把食物切成小块,这样熟得更快。as/when引导时间状语从句。5阿凡答1038284(2016四川
4、,66)_ it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.解析:句意:当它哭的时候,她来回摇晃它并且安慰地拍拍它。用when来引导时间状语从句,或用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。as/whenWhen/If返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)6阿凡答1038285(2016北京,33)I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of th
5、e day.解析:句意:我真的很喜欢听音乐,因为它能帮助我放松,让我不去想一天中别的烦心事。根据句意可知,这里用because引导原因状语从句。7阿凡答1038286(2015北京,32)_ the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.解析:句意:一旦农田被破坏,那得需要许多年才能修复。根据句意可知,前一句是后一句的前提或条件,须用表示“如果”或“一旦”或“当的时候”的连词引导状语从句。becauseOnce/If/When返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)8阿凡答1038287(20
6、15江苏,26)It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.解析:句意:天气很冷,如果你没有穿厚衣服就别出去了。根据句意可知,这里需要一个表示“如果不”的连词引导条件状语从句,unless符合。unless返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)0202考点精讲一、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列
7、连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(一)并列句的4种类型1表并列、递进或顺承关系:and,both.and.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.The earth is one of the suns planets,and the moon is our satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星,月亮是地球的卫星。2表转折、对比关系:but,yet,whileThe problem was a little hard,yet I was able to work it o
8、ut.这道题有点难,然而我却把它做出来了。The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷,然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)3表选择关系:or,otherwise,or else,either.or.,not.but.Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,也可以去看电影。4表因果关系:so,for(表“由于”,一般不放在句首)He found it increasin
9、gly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他视力开始下降,他发现读书越来越困难了。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(二)并列句的2大句式1when“就在这时,突然”,常用以下句式sb.be about to do/on the point of doing sth.when.某人正要做某事,突然sb.be doing sth.when.某人正在做某事,突然sb.had done sth.when.某人刚做完某事,突然One Friday,we were packing to leave for a
10、 weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时,我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业,妈妈就让她练习钢琴。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2and与or/otherwise用于并列句祈使句and陈述句(and表示顺承关系)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise
11、表示转折关系)Find ways to praise your children often,and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子,这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。Hurry up,or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿,否则你们上课就迟到了。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)二、状语从句状语从句指用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。状语从句通常由一个连词或起连词作用的词组引导。状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较9种意义
12、。此处讲解部分重点状语从句的用法。(一)时间状语从句1when,as和while的用法(1)when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动词同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如:返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)When the wind blows,all the doors rattle.只要风一吹,这些门就吱嘎作响。(延续性动词)When I came home,my wife was cooking dinner.我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。(非延续性动词)如果when引导的时
13、间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。如:When(you are)in trouble,ask her for help.当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。When I came into the roomWhen coming into the room),I found him lying there asleep.当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(2)while引导时间状语从句时
14、表示“当的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时,while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,这时,主句中的谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。如:Study while you study;play while you play.该学习的时候就学习,该玩的时候就玩。I met her while I was at school.当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(3)as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时,一边一边”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作),或
15、者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。如:He jumps as he goes along.他边走边跳。I saw him as he was getting off the bus.正当他下公交车时,我看见了他。As the wind rose,the noise increased.风大了,噪声也随之增大。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前;还未就;还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型:It will be一段时间before.多久之后才It wont be long before.不久之后就It was一段时间befo
16、re.过了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(2)since的用法since表示“自从”,其引导的从句在句中作状语时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后,我回过两次家。They have been living very happily since th
17、ey got married.自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)since引导的从句的谓语若是持续性动词,常理解为某一状态的终止;若是终止性动词,则理解为某一动作的开始。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从病好以来,他经常给我来信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出国以来,经常给我写信。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)since表示“自从以来”,常用于“It is/has been时间段sinc
18、e从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”,一般从句的时态用一般过去时,主句中的时态用现在完成时。As is reported,it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道,清华大学已经建立了100多年了。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)3till和until的用法(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”,此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词,主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用,但till不可以置于句首,而until可以。Have you heard
19、 the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二,你有没有听说?(2)not.until.表示“直到才”,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know,his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知,他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)4表示“一就,刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as,immediately,directly,instant
20、ly,the moment,the minute,the instantThe moment I heard the voice,I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配:no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。He ha
21、d no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(二)地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位,通常由where,wherever引导,可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise whe
22、re I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大,所以听不清教授在说什么。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(三)原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because,as,since,now that,in that,considering(that)等词引导。1because译作“因为”,表示直接原因,语气较强,能回答由why提出的问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上,因为他想挨着妻子坐。返回导航第二编
23、语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2as译作“由于”,语气较轻,常表示显而易见的原因;since(既然),now that(既然),in that(因为),表示双方都知道的原因,语气较弱。as,since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。Now that you have got a job,you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作,你应该学会独立不依靠父母。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(四)条件状语从句1条件状语从句的常见引导词if,unless(if.not),so/as long
24、as(只要),on condition that(条件是),if only(if),provided that(如果),in case(万一,如果),suppose/supposing that(假设,如果),assuming that等均可引导条件状语从句。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷,否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as l am happy.我的父母不在意我从事
25、什么工作,只要我高兴就好。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表将来含义;现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况;一般过去时表过去将来的含义。If everyone does his part,the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责,这个项目肯定会成功。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(五)目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,in case(that),lest等。1in order that和so
26、that引导的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便;为了”,它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out,he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜,以便没人能认出他。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2for fear that,in case(that)和lest引导的目的状语从句引导目的状语从句时,for fear that表示“害怕,担心某事会发生”;in case(that)/lest表示
27、“以防出现某种情况”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面,以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person t
28、hat we admire him very much.他如此有学问,以至于我们非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱,以至于养不起家。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)2当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时,还可简化为:so/such.as to.。He was so clever a studen
29、t that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生,以至于他能够解决所有难题。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)(七)方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as,as if,as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。Th
30、e house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考
31、总复习 英语(W)(八)让步状语从句1although,though,while引导的让步状语从句。Though/Although/Although/While regular exercise is very important,its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要,但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2as,though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired aft
32、er the long journey.在长途跋涉之后,尽管夜晚的空气很热,我们还是因为累睡得很熟。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)3“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句,意为“无论”。Wherever you choose to settle down,you should attempt to fit in with the local people.无论你选择在哪里定居,你都应该尝试做到入乡随俗。4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句,意为“不论还是”,表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Well go on with the work,whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们都要把这项工作做下去。返回导航第二编语法突破篇高考总复习 英语(W)0303达标检测谢谢观看