构造地质学-chap8-褶皱的几何分析课件.ppt

1、Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural Geology构构 造造 地地 质质 学学核资源工程学院核资源工程学院主讲教师 谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural

2、 GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石 Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石背形指褶皱背形指褶皱面上凸式弯曲面上凸式弯曲向形指褶皱向形指褶皱面下凹式弯曲面下凹式弯曲褶皱基本形态褶皱基本形态Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石枢纽方向枢纽方向褶皱褶皱面向面向S

3、tructural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石背斜背斜Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石向斜向斜Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢

4、焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石轴面与地轴面与地面的交线面的交线Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石n中间线中间线连接各褶皱面上拐点的线连接各褶皱面上拐点的线对称褶皱对称褶皱不对称褶皱不对称褶

5、皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石褶皱的翼间角褶皱的翼间角Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石直立剖面直立剖面正交剖面（垂正交剖面（垂直枢纽方向）直枢纽方向）水平剖面水平剖面Structural

6、GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石圆弧褶皱圆弧褶皱尖棱褶皱尖棱褶皱箱状褶皱箱状褶皱挠曲挠曲Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石圆弧褶皱圆弧褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石尖棱褶皱尖棱褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石箱状褶皱箱状褶皱Structural GeologyUnive

7、rsity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石大型箱状褶皱（新疆库车克孜纳努尔）大型箱状褶皱（新疆库车克孜纳努尔）翼部翼部翼部翼部核部核部Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石挠曲挠曲Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South

8、 China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石n中间线中间线连接各褶皱面上拐点的线连接各褶皱面上拐点的线对称褶皱对称褶皱不对称褶皱

9、不对称褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石n褶皱的位态褶皱的位态根据根据轴面倾角轴面倾角和和枢纽倾枢纽倾伏角伏角两个要素，将褶皱分为七类：两个要素，将褶皱分为七类：n一般规定：一般规定：水平为水平为010(20)；倾斜（伏）为倾斜（伏）为10(20)70(80)；直立为直立为70(80)90Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主

10、讲教师：谢焱石褶皱位态分类简表褶皱位态分类简表Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石直立水平褶皱直立水平褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石直立倾伏褶皱直立倾伏褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石斜歪水平褶皱斜歪水平褶皱Struc

11、tural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石斜卧褶皱斜卧褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石平卧褶皱平卧褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石倾竖褶皱倾竖褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石斜歪倾伏褶皱斜歪倾伏褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of S

12、outh China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石平行褶皱平行褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石平行褶皱与相似褶皱平行褶皱与相似褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石相似褶皱相似褶皱Stru

13、ctural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石 平行褶皱平行褶皱等厚，具同一曲率中心等厚，具同一曲率中心 相似褶皱相似褶皱不等厚，无共同曲率中心不等厚，无共同曲率中心 协调褶皱褶皱面弯曲形态无明显突变协调褶皱褶皱面弯曲形态无明显突变 不协调褶皱褶皱面弯曲形态有明显突变不协调褶皱褶皱面弯曲形态有明显突变Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石平行褶皱平行褶皱相似褶皱相似褶皱平行褶皱与相似褶皱之对比平行褶皱与相似褶皱之对比Structural Geology

14、University of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石特征特征平行褶皱平行褶皱相似褶皱相似褶皱褶皱面褶皱面形态形态相邻褶皱面相邻褶皱面呈平行弯曲呈平行弯曲相邻褶皱面相邻褶皱面作相似弯曲作相似弯曲同一层同一层厚度厚度褶皱各部位层厚相褶皱各部位层厚相等等褶皱翼部薄转折端褶皱翼部薄转折端厚厚褶皱层褶皱层曲率曲率外弧曲率小内弧曲外弧曲率小内弧曲率大，具同一曲率率大，具同一曲率中心中心各褶皱面曲率相同，各褶皱面曲率相同，但没有同一曲率中但没有同一曲率中心心等倾斜线等倾斜线向核部收敛，呈扇向核部收敛，呈扇形形彼此平行，平行轴彼此平行，平行轴面面平行褶皱和相似褶皱的对比简表平行褶

15、皱和相似褶皱的对比简表Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石各褶皱层之间褶皱面形态变化规律各褶皱层之间褶皱面形态变化规律协调褶皱和不协调褶皱协调褶皱和不协调褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石协调褶皱协调褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教

16、师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石通过剪切作用形成的褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石膝折构造膝折构造Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石膝折构造膝折构造Structural GeologyUniversity of

17、South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石褶皱的等倾斜线分类：三类五型褶皱的等倾斜线分类：三类五型等倾斜线等倾斜线等倾斜线作法等倾斜线作法Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石褶皱的等倾斜线分类褶皱的等倾斜线分类I IA类类典型顶薄褶皱Structural Geology

18、University of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石I IB类类典型平行褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石I IC类类平行向相似过渡褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石II类类典型相似褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石IIIIII类类典型顶厚褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of

19、 South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石褶皱的等倾斜线分类简表褶皱的等倾斜线分类简表类型类型等倾斜线等倾斜线形形 态态等倾斜线等倾斜线长长 度度代表性褶代表性褶皱皱IA类类向内弧向内弧强烈收敛强烈收敛翼部大翼部大顶部短顶部短顶薄褶皱顶薄褶皱IB类类向内弧收向内弧收敛敛垂直层面垂直层面等长等长平行褶皱平行褶皱IC类类向内弧向内弧轻微收敛轻微收敛翼部短顶翼部短顶部长部长过渡褶皱过渡褶皱II类类平行褶皱平行褶皱轴面轴面平行轴面平行轴面等长等长相似褶皱相似褶皱III类类向外弧收向外弧收敛敛翼部短翼部短顶部长顶部长顶厚褶皱顶厚褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity

20、of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石多多层层褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石阿尔卑斯式褶皱（阿尔卑斯式褶皱（Alpinotype folds）又称全型褶皱。又称全型褶皱。其特点是：其特点是：一系列线状褶皱，带状展布，走向基本一致。一系列线状褶皱，带状展布，走向基本一致。整个带内的背斜和向斜呈连续波状，基本同等发育，布满全整个带内的背斜和向斜呈连续波状，基本同等发育，布满全区；区；不同级别的褶皱往往组合成巨大的复背斜和复向斜，并伴有不同级别的褶皱往往组合成巨大的复背斜和复向斜，并伴有

21、叠瓦状断层。叠瓦状断层。复式褶皱复式褶皱复背斜和复向斜复背斜和复向斜Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石 基本特征：基本特征：n（1）一系列线状褶皱平行排列，走向与构造带的走）一系列线状褶皱平行排列，走向与构造带的走向一致向一致n（2）紧密的褶皱与开阔的褶皱相间排列）紧密的褶皱与开

22、阔的褶皱相间排列n（3）沉积盖层沿刚性基底上软层滑脱形成的）沉积盖层沿刚性基底上软层滑脱形成的薄皮褶薄皮褶皱皱背斜紧闭，向斜宽缓的线状褶皱背斜紧闭，向斜宽缓的线状褶皱向斜紧闭，背斜宽缓的线状褶皱向斜紧闭，背斜宽缓的线状褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石侏罗山式褶皱在剖面上的形态侏罗山式褶皱在剖面上的形态侏罗山式褶皱侏罗山式褶皱Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石隔档隔槽式褶皱隔档隔槽式褶皱Structural GeologyU

23、niversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石日尔曼式褶皱日尔曼式褶皱(Germanotype folds)n又称断续褶皱，基本特点又称断续褶皱，基本特点 1.发育在弱变形的地台中发育在弱变形的地台中 2.短轴背斜的斜列组合短轴背斜的斜列组合 3.这褶皱两翼倾角极缓，这褶皱两翼倾角极缓，但规模极大但规模极大Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石叠加褶皱叠加褶皱早期褶皱轴迹早期褶皱轴迹构造面向构造面向Structural GeologyUniversity of South Chin

24、a主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石叠加褶皱的三种基本形式叠加褶皱的三种基本形式n叠加要素：叠加要素：S1、S2分别为早期褶皱轴面和晚期褶分别为早期褶皱轴面和晚期褶皱轴面皱轴面b1、b2分别为早期褶皱枢纽和晚期褶分别为早期褶皱枢纽和晚期褶皱枢纽皱枢纽Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱

25、石穹盆相间构造穹盆相间构造Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石新月形构造新月形构造Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South Chi

26、na主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石 圆的圆的极点代表褶皱枢纽（极点代表褶皱枢纽（）Structural GeologyUniversity of South China主讲教师：谢焱石主讲教师：谢焱石