1、Network ManagementNew words and phrases 1 surveillance n.监视,监督2 predictable adj.可预言的3 authentication n.证明,鉴定4 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的5 proprietary adj.专有的,所有的 proprietary system 专用系统6 interpret v.解释,说明7 inventory n.清单8 logging n.记录,联机9 diagnostic n.症状，特征,诊断10 hierarchy n.层次，层级11 maintain vt.维护，维修Netw
2、ork Management12 escalation n.自动调整,不断增加,逐步升级13 mechanized adj.机械化的14 integrate vt.使成整体，使成一体化15 restore vt.恢复,修复16 administrator n.管理人17 architecture n.结构，(计算机)体系结构;(架构)18 router n.路由器19 alert n.警报,警惕20 warrant vt.保证,担保21 notification n.通知,布告,告示22 shutdown n.停止系统运行 system shutdown 系统停止(关闭,停运)Network
3、Management23 entity n.机构 management entity 管理机构24 predefined adj.预定义的25 poll v.轮询，查询26 agent n.代理(商)management agent 经营代理商27 manufacturer n.制造业者,厂商28 promote vt.促进,发扬29 proxy n.代理人 management proxy 管理代理30 disparate adj.异类的；不同的31 subsystem n.子系统 software subsystem 软件子系统32 thread n.线程，调度单位Network Mana
4、gement1 network management 网络管理 network manager 网络管理员(程序)network administrator 网络管理员 2 an array of 一批3 as with 如同（的情况）一样4 SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)简单网络管理协议5 CMIP(Common Management Information Protocol)公共管理信息协议6 MIB(Management Information Base)管理信息库7 ANSI(American National Standards In
5、stitute)美国国家标准协会8 ISO(International Organization for Standards,International Organization for Standardization,International Standardization Organization)国际标准化组织9 IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)(美)电气和电子工程师协会Network Management10 ITU-T(International Telecommunications UnionTeleco
6、mmunications Sector)国际电(信)联(盟)电信部11 NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology)(美)国家标准技术研究所12 high availability 高利用度13 monitoring and controlling 监控,监测和控制14 DMI（Desktop Management Interface）桌式管理界面15 DCE（Distributed Computing Environment）分布计算环境16 fall into 分成，可分成17 OSI（Open System Interconne
7、ction）开放系统互联18 operating system 操作系统19 personal computer 个人计算机Network Management The term network management has traditionally been used to specify realtime network surveillance and control;network traffic management;functions necessary to plan,implement,operate,and maintain the network;and systems
8、management.Network management supports the users needs for activities that enable managersto plan,organize,supervise,control,and account for the use of interconnection services.It also provides for the ability to respond to changing requirements,such as ensuring that facilities are available for pre
9、dictable communications behavior and providing for information protection,which includes the authentication of sources and destinations of transmitted data.The task of network management involves setting up and running a network,monitoring network activities,controlling the network to provide accept
10、able performance,and assuring high availability and fast response time to the network users.Network ManagementNetwork equipment manufacturers have developed an impressive array of network management products over the past several years.As with most telecommunications technologies,network management
11、began as a proprietary system,but the real growth started when the Internet community introduced Simple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)in the late 1990s.Network Management Systems An effective network management system requires trained personnel to interpret the results.An effective network manage
12、ment system will include most of the following elements:An inventory of circuits and equipmentA trouble report receiving and logging processA trouble history fileNetwork ManagementA trouble diagnostic,testing,and isolation facility and proceduresA hierarchy of trouble clearance and escalation proced
13、uresAn activity log for retaining records of all major changesAn alarm reporting and processing facilityNot every network management system will have all of these elements,but most systems will contain the above functions to some degree.The more complex the network,the more likely the functions will
14、 be automated on a mechanized system.Network Management System Functions Network management is a collection of activities that are required to plan,design,organize,maintain,and expand the network.A network management and control system consists of a collection of techniques,policies,procedures,and s
15、ystems that are integrated to ensure that the network delivers its intended functions.At the heart of the system is a database ofinformation,either on paper or mechanized.The database consists of Network Managementseveral related files that allow the network managers to have the information they nee
16、d to exercise control over its functions.A network control system has five major functions:Managing network informationManaging network performanceMonitoring circuits and equipment on the networkIsolating trouble when it occursRestoring service to end usersExercises.Please translate the following wo
17、rds and phrases into Chinese.1.Remote Procedure Call Service 2.retaining record3.management proxy4.ANSI5.ISO6.DME7.security service8.ITU-T远端过程呼叫服务远端过程呼叫服务保持记录保持记录管理代理管理代理 美国国家标准协会美国国家标准协会(American National Standards Institute)国际标准化组织国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standards)分布分布(式式)管理环境管理环境(D
18、istributed Management Environment)安全业安全业(服服)务务 国际电国际电(信信)联联(盟盟)电信部电信部(International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Sector)Exercises9.IEEE10.OSF11.MIB12.management agent 13.OSI14.proprietary system15.system shutdown16.destinations of transmitted data17.high availability18.real time netwo
19、rk surveillance and control(美国美国)电气和电子工程师协会电气和电子工程师协会(Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)开放系统基金会开放系统基金会(Open Systems Foundation)管理信息库管理信息库(Management Information Base)经营代理商经营代理商开放系统互联开放系统互联(open systeminterconnection)专用系统专用系统系统停止系统停止(关闭关闭,停运停运)传输数据的目的地传输数据的目的地 高利用度高利用度 实时网络监督和控制实时网络监督和
20、控制 Exercises.Please translate the following words and phrases into English.1.公共管理信息协议2.网络管理 3.线程服务 4.操作系统 5.软件子系统 6.简单网络管理协议 Common Management Information Protocol(CMIP)Network Managementthreads serviceoperating system software subsystemSimple Network Management Protocol(SNMP)Exercises7.监控 8.事件记录 9.
21、故障诊断10.网络管理软件11.网络管理员12.网络管理系统13.管理机构14.系统修复monitoring and controllingevent logging trouble diagnosticnetwork management softwarenetwork administrator（network manager）Network Management System(NMS)management entity system repairExercises.Fill in the blanks with the missing word(s).1.Depending on the
22、 type of component in question,monitoring can be done either by continuously checking the operation of the component or by detecting the occurrence of extraordinary events that occur during the network operations.2.Upon receiving these alerts,management entities are programmed to react by executing
23、some action including operator notification,event logging,system shutdown,or automatic attempts in system repair.3.Network management supports the users needs for activities that enable managers to plan,organize,supervise,control,and account for the use of interconnection services.Exercises4.It prov
24、ides for the ability to respond to changing requirements,such as ensuring that facilities are available for predictable communications behavior and providing for information protection,which includes the authentication of sources and destinations of transmitted data.5.The database consists of severa
25、l related files that allow the network managers to have the information they need to exercise control over its functions.6.Management proxies are entities that provide management information on behalf of other entities.7.This section describes the protocols and standards that are available to the en
26、terprise network manager8.The task of network management involves setting up and running a network,monitoring network activities,controlling the network to provide acceptable performance,and assuring high availability and fast response time to the network users.Exercises9.Network management is gener
27、ally concerned with monitoring the operation of components in the network,reporting on the events that occur during the network operation,and controlling the operational characteristics of the network and its components.10.DCE is intended to provide a set of standardized services that can be made av
28、ailable across a variety of different system environments,so a distributed application developed using DCE services can support different operating systems,different network software subsystems,and different transport protocols.11.The roles played by these organizations range from setting the networ
29、k management standards to promoting（promote,promoting,promoted）acceptance of the standards.Exercises.Answer the following questions according to the text.1.Please recite the task of network management.The task of network management involves setting up and running a network,monitoring network activit
30、ies,controlling the network to provide acceptable performance,and assuring high availability and fast response time to the network users.2.How many elements will an effective network management system include mostly?What are these elements?An effective network management system will include seven el
31、ements.They are:An inventory of circuits and equipment A trouble report receiving and logging process A trouble history fileA trouble diagnostic,testing,and isolation facility and proceduresA hierarchy of trouble clearance and escalation proceduresAn activity log for retaining records of all major c
32、hanges An alarm reporting and processing facility.Exercises3.How many major functions does a network control system have and what are they?A network control system has five major functions:1)Managing network information;2)Managing network performance;3)Monitoring circuits and equipment on the networ
33、k;4)Isolating trouble when it occurs;5)Restoring service to end users.4.Briefly describe each components of the SNMP architectural.Following are brief descriptions of each of the SNMP architectural components:1)Network Management Station(NMS)an end system in the network that executes a network manag
34、ement application.2)Network Management Application(NMA)the program running in a network management station that monitors and controls one or more network elements.3)Network Element a component in the network that maintains a management agent and a portion of the Management Information Base(MIB)that
35、contains manageable objects.4)Management Agent a program running in a network element that is responsible for performing the network management functions requested by a network management application.Exercises5.Please give at least four organizations that play a role in network management.The organi
36、zations that play a role in network management include:American National Standards Institute(ANSI)Corporate for Open Systems(COS)International Organization for Standards(ISO)Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 802 Committee(IEEE 802)Internet Activities Board(IAB)International Telecommun
37、ications Union Telecommunications Sector(ITU-T)National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)Open Systems Foundation(OSF).6.What network management standards has OSF developed?The OSF has developed several network management standards,including DMI,DME,and DCE.7.What services does DCE include?The six services included in the DCE are:Directory Service Distributed File Service Distributed Time Service Remote Procedure Call Service Security ServiceThreads Service
