1、【英语】情态动词基础练习题一、单项选择情态动词1Traveling by subway _ sometimes be quite an adventure, especially during the rush hour.AmustBcanCshallDshould【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：乘地铁旅行有时可能相当冒险，尤其是在交通高峰期。A. must必须；一定；B. can能够；可能；C. shall将会；D. should应该；应当。本句中can表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力），故选B。2Mr. Baker, some students want to see yo
2、u. _ they wait here or outside?AMayBShouldCShallDWill【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查Shall的用法。句意：贝克先生，有些学生想见你。他们是在这里等还是在外面等?Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。故选C。【点睛】Shall的用法Shall作为助动词，一般用于第一人称和We，表示一个将来的动作，构成将来时态。Shall后面接动词原形。例如：（1）I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事，然后告诉你我的想法。（2）We shall ha
3、ve a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。常考的特殊用法1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：What shall we do this evening?2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：Shall we begin our lesson?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警
4、告）He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）He shall be punished. （威胁）3- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home.- Thats really bad. Im sure you _ it, but you just didnt hurry up.Ahad caughtBcould have caughtCcould catchDcan catch【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：哦,我的上帝!我刚好错过了回家的末班
5、车。这是非常糟糕的。我肯定你能赶上，但你就是不抓紧。could have done“本来能做而没有做”。故选B。4Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week.Aneed have practisedBmight practiseCmust have practisedDcould practise【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。5Ann said
6、 whenever her father was unhappy he _ go out and buy something, usually something large and useless.AshouldBcouldCwouldDmight【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：安说无论什么时候她父亲不高兴的时候，他就会出去买些东西，通常是一些又大又没用的东西。A. should应该；B. could能；C. would总是，愿意；D. might可能。此处表示过去经常习惯做某事，故选C。6It is really cold and the ground is wet; it
7、_ have rained last night.AmightBmustCcanDshould【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：天气很冷而且地面是湿的，昨晚一定下了雨。根据上文the ground is wet可知，“昨晚下了雨”是肯定的，故用must have done“必定做了”表示对过去十分有把握的推测，故选B。【点睛】must have done用法辨析must have done：表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测，推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过（存在过）。He must have been a doctor, for he knows medicine so we
8、ll. 他过去肯定是一位医生，他对医学如此了解。Somebody must have stolen the ring. 肯定有人偷了这枚戒指. 该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在过去.The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water is frozen all over.昨夜的温度肯定降到零度以下，因为水都冻住了。如果“must + have + 过去分词”句型与by now连用，还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测，但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作。例如：They started earl
9、y this morning; they must have arrived by now. 他们今晨很早就出发了，现在肯定已经到了。中国学生的常见病句是：They.; they certainly have arrived.病句的句义是“他们当然已经到达了。”（这不是对过去的肯定推测，而是断定动作已经完成。）7-He was satisfied with the result, wasnt he?-No. It was so difficult that he _have passed it.AshouldntBmustntCcouldn tDwouldnt【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态
10、动词。A. shouldnt 不应该；B. mustnt禁止，不允许；C. couldn t 不可能；D. wouldnt不会。句意：-他对结果很满意，是吗? -不。考试太难了，他不可能通过。固定结构：couldn t have done“不可能做某事”，此处是对过去事情有把握的否定推测。故选C。【点睛】情态动词+ have done结构：1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.2.“can / could + h
11、ave + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He cant have finished the work so soon.3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I n
12、eednt have bought so much wineonly five people came.5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有） He oughtnt to / shouldnt have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了） 6.“would have 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情
13、况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.8Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _say where he was.AmustntBshouldntCwouldntDmightnt【答案】C【
14、解析】考查情态动词。句意：“数天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但不肯告诉我他在哪里。”mustnt“禁止”；shouldnt“不应该”；wouldnt“不情愿”；mightnt“不可能”。9Whats wrong with you?Oh, I am sick. I _ so much ice cream just now.Ashouldnt eatBmustnt eatCcouldnt have eatenDshouldnt have eaten【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：你怎么了？我生病了，我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldnt eat不应该吃；B. mu
15、stnt eat禁止吃；C. couldnt have eaten不可能吃；D. shouldnt have eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知，是发生在过去，故选D。10It_ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.AmayBcanCmustDshould【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词表猜测的用法。句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的，因为他是唯一有车的人。A. may可能；B. can可能；C. must一定；D. should应该。由as he is the onl
16、y one with a car.可知一定是他把车停在这里的，非常有把握的肯定推测，故选C。11I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.AmustntBneedntCwouldntDshouldnt【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六周日不必早起。A. mustnt不能，禁止；B. neednt不必；C. wouldnt不会；D. shouldnt不应该。此处表示“不必”，故B项正确。12-Can I pay the bill by credit card?-Sor
17、ry, sir. But it is the management rules of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash.AshallBneedCwillDmust【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。A. shall用于法律法规或条文中，表示义务、规定等；B. need需要；C. will会；D. must必须。句意：我能用信用卡支付么？对不起，先生，现金支付是我们酒店的管理规定。故A项正确。13Our English teacher is considerate，helpful，and warm-hearted，but sometim
18、es she_ be angry at our silly mistakes.AshouldBmustCcanDshall【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我们的英语老师很体贴、乐于助人、热心肠，但有时她可能为我们愚蠢的错误而发火。can表示一种客观的可能性，但不一定会发生，故C项正确。14They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _to our help.Awould have comeBcould comeChave comeDhad come【
19、答案】A【解析】试题分析：本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句，句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were，说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反，所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意：当我们在做调查的那几个月里，他们一直在国外，否则的话他们早就来帮助我们了。故A正确。15No driving after drinking is a rule that every driver _ obey in our country.AwillBshallCmayDcan【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考察情态动词。A. 将要 B.将要
20、 C.可能D.可以。Will 表示请求、建议、意志、愿望和决心。Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对话的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。May表示请求和允许；用于祈使句表示决心；表示推测、可能性。Can表示能力；请求和允许。句意：酒后驾车是每一位驾车者在我们国家应当遵守的规则。故选B。考点：考察情态动词16Well make the final decision on our scheme. _ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible.AShouldBWereCWouldDHad【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查
21、虚拟语气。句意：我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意，请尽快通知我们。根据语境，此处用虚拟语气，表示与将来相反，从句用should+动词原形，省略if，should提前，陈述句是：If you should change your mind。故选A。【点睛】虚拟语气中的倒装当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，移至句首：1）If he should fail, he would kill himself.Should he fail, he would kill himself.万一失败，他就会自杀。2）If I
22、were you, I would do it at once.Were I you, I would do it at once.假若我是你，我就会马上做。要是我能做此事，我一定会做。3）If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词，有一种特殊的用法：在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，可以
23、把should放在句首，即主语前，从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为：If you should change your mind。故选A。17You rang me up at about 10:00 last night, didnt you?No, I didnt phone you. It someone else.Amust have beenBcould beCmust beDcould have been【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：“昨晚10点左右你给我打了电话，是吗？”“不，我没给你打电话。一定是别人干的。” musthavedone是对过
24、去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”，结合语境可知，我没有打电话给你，因此猜测一定有别人给你打了电话 。故选A项。18Where is my dictionary?I remember I put it here yesterday.You_it in the wrong place.Amust putBshould have putCmight putDmight have put【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我的词典在哪里？我记得昨天放在这里了。你或许放错了地方。“might have +动词+ed形式”表示过去可能完成的动作。根据所提供的情景Where is my
25、dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.可判断出把词典放在某个地方发生在过去，所以要用“might have +动词+ed形式”。“should have + 动词+ed形式”表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景的矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。故选D。19You _ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise.AneedntBcouldntCcantDmustnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你不必让我搭车。我想步
26、行回家锻炼身体。A. neednt不必；B. couldnt不能；C. cant不会；D. mustnt禁止，不允许。根据I want to walk home for exercise.可知，你不必让我搭车。故选A。考点：考查情态动词20You _ be right but Im going back to check anyway.AshouldBmustCneedDmight【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你或许是对的，但我还是要回去核对一下。A. should应该；B. must一定，必须；C. need需要；D. might或许。本题主要考查情态动词表示推测的用法，由I
27、m going back to check anyway可知，我对此不确定。由此可知，D项符合题意。故选D项。【点睛】can / could用于表推测的用法(1)从使用句型上看，can通常只用于否定句或疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，而could可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。两者没有时间上的差别，只是could比 can更委婉，更不确定。(2)从时间关系看，对现在或将来情况作推测，后接动词原形；对正在进行的情况作推测，后接be doing结构；对过去情况作推测，后接动词完成式。二、may / might用于表推测的用法表示推测，两者都可用，只是might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。如本题
28、，根据Im going back to check anyway可知，我对此不确定。由此可知，D项符合题意。(1)在句型使用方面：两者均可用于肯定句和否定句，但用于疑问句时，may通常不用于句首，但可用于疑问句的句中（如特殊疑问句等），而might尽管可以用于疑问句的句首，但不算普通，通常会改用其他句式（如用could等）。三、must表示推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形；表示对过去情况的推测，接动词完成式。21He _ writing the paper now. He had
29、nt written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago.Ashouldnt beBcant have finishedCcant beDmustnt have finished【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查推测句。句意：他现在不可能写完了卷子。我十分钟之前留下他时，他还没有写一个字。根据句意可知，此处考查对过去情况的否定推测，其表达为cant have done不可能做某事，故选B项。【点睛】本题考查推测句对过去情况的肯定推测是must have done对过去情况的否定推测是cant/couldnt have done例如:The g
30、round is wet, so it must have rained last night.He cant have finished his work, because he played basketball all day yesterday.22- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.-Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt doBshouldnt have doneCmustnt doDneednt have done【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意:
31、-凯瑟琳，我已经为你打扫了房间。 - - -谢谢。你本不必这么做的。我自己能行。A. neednt do不必做某事；B. shouldnt have done本不应该做某事； C. mustnt do禁止做某事；D. neednt have done本不必做某事。由“Thanks. I could manage it myself”可知，neednt have done“ 本不必做某事，而实际上做了某事”符合句意。故选D项。23According to the latest rule, people _sort household garbage into four categories.Ac
32、anBshallCmayDneed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：根据最新的规定，人们应该把生活垃圾分成四类。A. can能；B. shall应该；C. may也许；D. need需要。shall用于第二人称表示承诺、命令、警告、威胁的口吻，这里是指法令规定了，因此用shall。故选B。24I _my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.Ashould passBcould have passedChad passedDmust have passed【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have d
33、one的用法。句意为:我本来能够轻松地通过这次考试的，但是我犯了太多愚蠢的错误。结合语境可知，此处考查虚拟语气，且与过去的事实相反，应用could/would/might have done的结构，could have passed本能通过（事实上未通过），故选B项。【点睛】本题考查情态动词的过去式+have done的虚拟语气的用法，常见结构有should/shouldnt have done; could/couldnt have done/ would/wouldnt have done/ need/ neednt have done/ might have done例如：Without
34、 your help, I couldnt have passed the test.如果没有你的帮助，我本不能通过测试。It cleared up, I neednt have brought the umbrella.天放晴了，我本没有必要带伞的。25Are you going on a holiday after the exam?Well, I havent decided yet. I _ find some other choices.AwouldBmightCmustDshould【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：考试后你要去度假吗?嗯，我还没有决定。我可能会发现
35、一些其他的选择。A. would将会；B. might可能；C. must必须；D. should应该。根据上文“ I havent decided yet”可推断，我可能还有别的选择，表示可能性，might符合语境，故选B。26Whats wrong with the door?The key has got stuck in it and _ come out.AshouldntBmustntCneedntDwont【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：-门怎么了?-钥匙卡在里面出不来了。A. shouldnt不应该；B. mustnt禁止；C. neednt 不需要；D. won
36、t不会。wont表示拒绝时，其主语有时可以是“物”。故选D项。27Sometimes it seems that doors _ be closed for you, but remember, they are not all locked.AmustBshouldCmayDneed【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词的用法。句意：有时候，似乎大门正对你关闭，但请记住并非所有大门都被上了锁。A. must一定，必须；B. should应该；C. may可能，也许；D. need需要。本句不宜使用绝对化的语气，从sometimes，seems等提示词可看出应使用较为温和的推测语气，因此may
37、 be（或许，也许）符合语境，而过于绝对的推测，如must be（一定是，肯定是）应予排除。此外should和need在此并不表示推测，更不符合本句语境。故选C。28What does the sign over there read？“No person_smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”AwillBmayCshallDmust【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：-那边的牌子上写的是什么?-任何人不得在本地区吸烟或携带点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。A. will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为要，
38、希望； B. may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为可，可以；C. shall在陈述句中用于第二人称或第三人称，表示说话者的意志、命令、约定、决心、警告、威胁、预言等，意为必须，应该，要，得，给； D. must意为必须, 要,应当。 分析句意可知，词句表示任何都不准在这个区域吸烟或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。故选C项。29(2018北京) In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.Aneed BshouldCcan Dmust【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的
39、信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。30Frankly speaking, I am not sure whether I _ this in the old days with that kind of equipment, which looks qu
40、ite odd and ridiculous.Ashould have doneBneed have doneCwould have doneDmust have done【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词+have done。句意：坦率地说，我不确定在过去我是否会用这种设备做这件事，这看起来很奇怪和可笑。A. should have done表示本应该做某事，而实际上没有做某事；B. need have done表示本来需要做某事而没有做；C. would have done虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”；D. must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。由“in the old days”可知，本句表示对过去事情的假设。故选C项。
