1、【英语】初中英语定语从句易错剖析含解析一、定语从句1I hate the dogslive in the next house. They make loud noises all nightAwhoBthatCwhatDwhom【答案】B【解析】句意:我讨厌住在隔壁的狗,他们整晚发出噪音。who 谁指人,在定语从句中作主语;that 那个指人或指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;what 什么不能引导定语从句,引导名词性从句;whom 谁指人,在定语从句中作宾语。根据先行词是the dogs,后面的定语从句缺少主语,故用代词that。故选B。2The last place _ we visite
2、d was Chaoshan Custom Museum.AwhereBthatCwhenDwhy【答案】B【解析】句意:我们参观的最后一个地方是潮汕风俗博物馆。根据句子结构可知,这里考查的是定语从句,where关系副词,指地点;that关系代词,先行词为物;when关系副词,指时间;why关系副词,指原因。定语从句中visited后缺少宾语,故应填关系代词,选B。3-How do you like the Sun Island?Is it worth visiting? -Sure. Its one of the best places I have ever been to.AwhichB
3、thatCwho【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:-你觉得太阳岛怎么样?值得一游吗?-当然。这是我去过的最好的地方之一。考查定语从句引导词。本句先行词places是物,引导词在定语从句中作宾语,可知用that或which引导此定语从句,但先行词有最高级修饰时,只能用that引导此定语从句。故选B。【点睛】定语从句是用作定语的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。引导定语从句的词叫引导词,引导词分为关系代词(that/who/whom/which/whose)和关系副词(when/where/why)。引导词连接先行词和定语从句,在定语从句中充当一定的成
4、分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。先行词是物时,用that或which引导定语从句;当先行词是人时,用who或that引导定语从句。(一)、当先行词是物时,只用that的情况:1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(all that=what).(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing等不定代词时,用that。5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a)
5、 few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。(二)、先行词既有人又有物时,或当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆。7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that。4When we speak of culture, we mean a way of life_ a group of people have in common.AwhatBwhoCwhereDthat【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:当我们说起文化的时候,我们指的是
6、一群人共同拥有的生活方式。考查定语从句的引导词。根据句意:当我们说起文化的时候,我们指的是一群人共同拥有的生活方式。逗号后面的句中是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是 life,表示“物”,用引导词 that,在从句中做宾语。what 不能引导定语从句。先行词是“人”,引导词常用 who。where 在定语从句中做地点状语。故选D。【点睛】引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as;关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略
7、。5Children like stories _have happy endings, and so do many old people.AwhoBwhichCwhat【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:孩子们喜欢有美满结局的故事,许多老人也是。who引导定语从句,修饰人;which引导定语从句,修饰事物;what引导名词性从句。此处修饰先行词stories的定语从句,修饰事物,故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选B。6One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhom【答案】B【
8、解析】【详解】句意:我喜欢的一种最美味的饮料是橘子汁。考查定语从句。本句先行词drinks,先行词有形容词最高级修饰,可知用关系代词that引导此定语从句,故选B。【点睛】that在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。(1)必须用that的情况:先行词有人又有物/先行词有形容词最高级修饰/先行词是不定代词/先行词有不定代词修饰/以who,which开头的问句/先行词有the very, the same ,the last等词修饰/先行词有序数词,数词修饰时。/关系词在定语从句中做表语时。(2)不能用that的情况:介词+关系词/非限定性定语从句。7 - In a text mess
9、age, 88 means Bye-bye.- And another example is F2F_ stands for face to face.AthatBwhoCwhomDit【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:在短信中,88的意思是再见。在另一个例子是F2F表示面对面.结合语境可知下文先行词F2F做下文定语从句的逻辑主语,指物,故引导词用that,选A。考点:考查定语从句8Kids, I hope youll remember the good old days_we spent together in junior high though its time to say goodb
10、ye.AwhoBwhatCwhich【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:孩子们,虽然到了说再见的时候了,我希望你们将记住那些我们一起在初中度过的美好的旧时光。who关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;what什么,不能引导定语从句;which关系代词,引导定语从句,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,先行词是the good old days,从句中spent后缺少宾语,应用关系代词which引导,故应选C。9 Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV? Sure. Its a
11、great TV program can develop the habit of reading.AwhoBthatCwhatDwhose【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目朗读者吗?当然了,这是一个很棒的节目,能培养阅读的习惯。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,who是关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词人或物都可以,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句,先排除;whose的,先行词可以是人或物。这个定语从句的先行词是program,故排除A;D选项意思不合适。故应选B。10The book _ I read last night
12、 was fantastic.AthatBwhatCwhoseDwho【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. whose先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语;D. who先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物,用that来引导,故答案为A。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that
13、这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which
14、, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。4)关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。11Du Fuguo is a hero is known to millions of Chinese people.AwhoBwhichCwhat【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意“杜富国是一个许多中国人都知道的
15、英雄”。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;C.定语从句中关系词没有what。先行词为a hero,指人,在从句中作主语,故选A。【点睛】做定语从句时,可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词,要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分,从而做出正确的判断。12Dont throw away pens and erasers _ you havent used up.AwhereBwhichCwhoDwhat【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:不要扔掉你还没用完的钢笔和橡皮。考查定语从句引导词。what不引导定语从句,可排除D。whe
16、re表示地点;which表示事物;who表示人。本句先行词pens and erasers(钢笔和橡皮)是物,需用which引导;根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。13Tom, where do you work?I work in a shop _ sells different kinds of vegetables.AwhichBwhoCwhereDwhat【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:Tom,你在哪里工作。我在一家卖各种蔬菜的商店工作。考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子可知,横线处及后面是定语从句,首先排除D选项,what不能作关系词;空格处缺少主语,副词不能作主语,所以排除C 选项wher
17、e;在定语从句中,关系代词取决于前面的先行词,先行词是人,关系代词用who或that;先行词如果是物,关系代词应用which或that;本句中根据先行词a shop是物,所以关系词用which,排除B选项;故答案选A。14She is talking about the school and teachers _ we visited last month.AwhoBwhichCwhereDthat【答案】D【解析】句意:她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句,修饰人,作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句,修饰事物,作主语或宾语;where引导定语从句,修饰地点
18、名词,作状语;that引导定语从句,修饰人或事物,作主语或宾语。根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人,又修饰事物,故用that引导定语从句,故选D。15Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.Athat; whoseBhow; whoCwhat; whoDwhat; whose【答案】D【解析】that引导宾语从句一般不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;how引导宾语从句
19、,一般做方式状语;what引导宾语从句,做从句的逻辑主语或者宾语。句意:莉莉不知道她和她的朋友们能做什么来帮助这个小男孩,他的父母离开家乡去挣钱了。结合语境可知前文是宾语从句,what,什么,充当宾语从句谓语动词do的逻辑宾语。下文为定语从句,the little 宾语boy和parents是逻辑上的所有关系,故引导词用whose,选D。考点:英语从句16The photos successfully show the rich culture _makes Shiyan so famous.AwhatBwhichCwhoDwhy【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意:这些照片成功地展示了使十堰非常出
20、名的丰富文化氛围。A. what不能作为定语从句的连接词;B. which先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;C. who先行词是人,在定语从句中作主语;D. why引导定语从句时,在句中作原因状语。本句先行词是culture,指物,引导定语从句的关联词只能用which,故答案为B。【点睛】在定语从句中,关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Is he the man who/that
21、wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。关系副词可代替的先行词是时
22、间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例如:Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。17According to a survey, people _ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily.AwhichBwhomCwhoseDwho【答案】D【解析】句意:根据一项调查,能说两
23、种语言的人可以同时管理两件事。考查疑问词辨析。A. which哪一个,代物/人;B. whom谁,宾格,代人;C. whose谁的,代物主;D. who谁,主格,代人。本句是定语从句,people人/人们,在句中做主语,结合句意和语境,可知选D。18-1 like to live in a room _ is big and bright.AthatBwhereChow【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:我想住一个又大又明亮的房间。that那;where哪里;how怎么。先行词room在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词that代替,所以选A。考点:考查定语从句。19The woman is the
24、 most important in my life is my mother.AwhichBwhoCwhomDwhat【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:我的人生中最重要的女性是我的妈妈。该句是一个限制性定语从句,先行词在句子中做主语,而且是人,所以用who来引导。故选B【考点定位】考查定语从句20Auld Lang Syne is an Irish folk song reminds us of our old friends and the good old days.AwhatBwhoCthatDWhose【答案】C【解析】试题分析:句意: Auld Lang Syne是爱尔兰民歌,让我
25、们想起我们的老朋友和过去的好时光。这里是定语从句,这里的先行词是物,在句中做主语,用that来引导;what不能用来引导定语从句。根据题意。故选C。考点:考查定语从句21I like the teacher is strict with us.AthatBwhomCwhose【答案】A【解析】句意:我喜欢对我们严格的老师。that是关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中做主语或宾语,先行词可以是人,也可以是物;whom是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语,先行词是人;whose的,也可以引导定语从句,后面修饰名词。这个定语从句中缺少主语,故应选A。22(题文)There will be a
26、flower show in the park _ we visited last week.Awho BwhenCwhat Dwhich【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:在我们上周参观的那个公园里有一个花展。修饰先行词the park的定语从句中,谓语动词visited后缺少宾语,故用代词which。故选D。考点:考查定语从句。23Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
27、 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。24Fewer and fewer people spend time reading. There were only 49% of adults in the US _ visited a public library last year.AwhoBwhereCwhenDwhich【答案】A【解析】句意:越来越少的人花时间读书。去年在美国只有49%的成年人参观一个公共图书馆。修饰名词adults,作定语从句的主语,故用关系代词who,故选A。25 I saw the dog along with a girl _was the only guide
28、dog in our city.AwhoBwhichCwhomDWhat【答案】B【解析】试题分析:句意:我看见这个女孩和我们城市的唯一的一条导盲犬在一起。A.who谁;B. which 哪一个;C. Whom谁;D. What什么。本题考查定语从句的用法,由于先行词物。结合句意,故选B考点:考查定语从句。26 What kind of movies do you like? I like the movies _ are about Chinese history.AwhoBwhomCwhoseDthat【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:你喜欢哪种类型的电影?我喜欢那些关于中国历史的电影。本
29、题考查定语从句的引导词,指代movies在定语从句中作主语,用关系代词that或which,故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法。27The photo _ taken by my brother last week is very nice.Awhich wereBthat isCthat wereDwhich was【答案】D【解析】试题分析:句意:上周我哥哥拍的照片非常漂亮。此处是定语从句修饰先行词the photo,根据时间短语last week可知此处用一般过去时,故排除B项。因为先行词the photo是单数形式,故定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。考点:考查定语从句的用法。28T
30、om, could you lend me the book _ you talked about yesterday?Sure, here you are.AwhichBwhatCwho【答案】A【解析】句意:- 汤姆,你能借给我你昨天谈到的那本书吗?-当然了,给你。A.哪个B.什么C.谁,本题考查定语从句的关系代词,you talked about yesterday 部分使用来修饰“book”的,描述这本书是“你昨天谈到的”那本书,所以是book的定语从句,先行词book在定语从句中做宾语(做talk about的宾语),故选用关系代词that/which,故选A。29Confucius
31、 was a great thinker had many wise ideas about human nature.AwhoBwhichC/【答案】A【解析】句意:孔子是一位伟大的思想家,他对人性有很多明智的想法。考查定语从句。who用于先行词是人时,which用于先行词是物时。先行词thinker(思想家)是人,需用who引导,引导词做从句的主语,不可省略;根据句意语境,可知选A。30Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _ his family lived ten years ago.AwhenBwhichCwhereDthat【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:昨天李明去了他家十年前住的村子。定语从句修饰的先行词是the village,关系词在定语从句中作状语,故where符合题意。答案为C。