1、【英语】英语阅读理解专项及解析一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes. The Robot Activity Support System or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine w
2、here its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (定位) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a sna
3、ck in the kitchen.RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance in the moment, as the need for help is detected, said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scie
4、nce. Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with every day activities such as preparing meals and taking medication and the annual cost for this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, research
5、ers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone. RAS is the first robot researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a
6、study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently. While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising, Minor said. The next step in the research will be
7、 to test RAS performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.（1）How does RAS serve elderly people? A.Through sensors.B.Through objects.C.Through a mobile robot.D.Through their daily activities.（2）What
8、can we know about RAS? A.It is the first robot used in daily life.B.Its function remains to be tested.C.It can locate people and do any task.D.It can cook for owners on its own.（3）Whats Minors attitude toward the future of RAS? A.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.（4）What can be a suitable
9、 title for the text? A.Elderly people leave the nursing home.B.Smart Home Tests first elder-Care robot.C.RAS, the first robot to make home smart.D.Older adults have benefited from RAS.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人，可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。 （1）考查细节理解。根据章第二段中的“
10、The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors （传感器）equipped in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities”可知机器人活动支持系统（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器（传感器）来确定其居民在哪里，他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助，说明传感器起到了重大的作用，故选A。 （2）考查推理判断。根据最后
11、一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS performance”可知，这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测，说明正在测试阶段，故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising”可知，Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观，故选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的
12、机器人。再根据最后一段中的“The next step in the research will be to test RAS performance ”可知，机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists (人类学家). Descriptions like Palae
13、olithic (旧石器时代的) Man. Neolithic (新石器时代的) Man,etc. neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people
14、forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. And the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. The future history books might a
15、lso record that we were deprived (剥夺) of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world. When you travel by car or train, an unclear picture of the countryside constantly smears the windows.
16、 Car drivers, especially, are mixed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remotest, and someone is bound to say Ive been there-meaning, I drove through it at100 miles an hour on the wa
17、y to somewhere else. When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like thi
18、s, you suspend all experience. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At t
19、he end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness. He knows that sound, satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.（1）Anthropologists label man nowadays Legless Man because _. A.people prefer cars, buses and trainsB.people use their legs less and lessC.lifts prev
20、ent people from walkingD.people travel without using legs（2）According to the passage, what might make people lose the right of using their eyes? A.the modern means of transportation.B.A birds-eye view of the world.C.The unclear sight from the vehicles.D.The fast-paced life style.（3）From the passage,
21、 we know traveling at high speeds means _. A.appreciating beautiful sceneryB.experiencing life skillsC.focusing on the next destinationD.feeling physical tiredness（4）What does the author intend to tell us? A.Modern transportation devices have replaced legs.B.Traveling makes the world a small place.C
22、.Humans history develops very fast.D.The best way to travel is on foot.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由于种种现代化交通设施，人们不需用脚走路，甚至也不需要用眼看风景，出门就坐汽车、公交车、地铁、飞机 汽车、飞机速度飞快，外边的景物难以看清，最终导致人们忘记用脚、用眼，成为“无脚之人”，一切都经历不到。作者建议最佳的旅游方法是徒步经历现实。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their
23、 attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the labelLegless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this:in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts in all large
24、 buildings to prevent people from walking. And the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday.可知，人类学家给人类贴上了“无腿人”的标签，因为人们使用腿越来越少了。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The future history books might also record that we were deprived (剥夺) of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to
25、get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world.” 可知，根据这篇文章，快节奏的生活方式会让人们失去使用眼睛的权利。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time
26、 looking forward to arriving at some other place.”可知，我们知道高速旅行意味着关注下一个目的地。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the prese
27、nt moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical tiredness. He knows that sound, satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.”可知，旅行的最好方法是步行。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读
28、理解 The other day I was shopping at the local Chinese grocery store. There was a line at the fish counter, but only one staff person was there to take care of the customers. Some customers ordered quite an amount of fish for that staff person to work on. At last I was the second in line. All I wanted
29、 was a couple of crabs and should get out of there in no time. Noticing it was very busy at the fish counter, another staff person came over to help. I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛). The customers in fron
30、t of me, being served, turned around and looked at me sympathetically and the customer behind me called to the staff person, “You should start here,” pointing at me. He was, well, ignored. If someone asked me, What is the most important rule to follow in America? I would reply without hesitation. Wa
31、it your turn at all times. Wherever you go here in this country, you will find people waiting in a line quietly to get anything: whether in the supermarkets, department stores, bus stops, or gas stations, its just a matter of waiting your turn. In a larger sense, wait your turn is more than just a g
32、uideline it is a very basic rule that reflects the fundamental value of the western cultures. But in some situations your turn does not always come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store. Even though this did not often happen, it did make me
33、feel upset.（1）What happened to the author at the store? A.He was ill-treated by a customer.B.He wasnt served upon his order.C.He was asked to be served later.D.He was asked to do others a favor.（2）What does the underlined word this in the last paragraph refer to? A.His belief.B.His culture.C.His exp
34、erience.D.His rule.（3）Why did the author write the text? A.To emphasize his kindness to others.B.To introduce some western cultures to us.C.To express his belief and his feeling.D.To show his disbelief in Queuing Rule.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排队很久，受到不公平待遇的经历，借此表现了西方文化的特点要遵守次序，同时也
35、表明了作者的感受和建议。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛).”可知，我准备好了接受服务，但服务员走到了队尾给几个想买蜗牛的女士提供了服务，因此轮到作者的次序时，作者并没有得到服务。故选B。 （2）考查代词指代。根据最后一段中的“But in some situations your turn does not always come bas
36、ed on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store.”可知，在某些情况下，是否能轮到你的次序并不取决于你几点到这里、排了多久的队，就像作者的情况一样，因此“this”指代的是作者的亲身经历。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了作者在买螃蟹时排了很久队却受到不公平待遇的经历。再根据最后一段中的“Even though this did not often happen, it did make me feel upset.”可知，作者认为这种经
37、历并不经常发生，但仍使作者感到比较失望，表达了作者的想法和感受。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 When I was three years old, I couldnt speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand. One day, I was shadowing(跟随)my mother. She found he
38、rself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿)her mouths movements until I formed a word. It turned out Im deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, b
39、ut Ive never lived in a state of self-hating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. Thats my reality when I sleep on my good ear, and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes. People call my deaf side my bad ear, b
40、ut when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors. Owning a hearing aid hasnt always felt good, however. On
41、 the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show-and-tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, Arent those for old men? At that moment, I felt different. It took me a long time to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers. But its not jus
42、t school kids who can make us deaf and hard-of-hearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinem
43、as are almost impossible to find. And with hearing aids costing around $2,500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to the things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversations Im lucky. Im deaf, but I can still hear
44、 everything. Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, Im even superhuman.（1）How does the author view his hearing difficulty? A.Its a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.B.It gave him a chance to experience something special.C.It made him f
45、eel embarrassed in front of his classmates.D.It helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.（2）What can be inferred from the passage about the author? A.He was born deaf.B.He is optimistic and helpful.C.The hearing aid brings convenience to his daily life.D.His family and classmate
46、s have supported him a lot.（3）What is the authors attitude toward his life？ A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Grateful.D.Disappointed.（4）What is the authors main purpose in writing the article? A.To give advice on life to disabled people.B.To show how difficult life is for disabled people.C.To show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.D.To share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者天生有听力障碍，但是他却乐观地对待自己的缺陷，想办法让自己的生活充满了快乐。 （1）考查细节理解。根据作者对自己日常生活 的描述，可知作者的听力障碍让他有机会经历了一些特殊的事情，故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“And with hearin
