1、surgeon与doctor Surgeon(外科医生)means a doctor who performs operations;Doctor(医生)means a person who knows how to treat diseases.Therefore,physicians(内科医生),dentists(牙医)and surgeons(?)are all doctors.The title of the text:The Making of a Surgeon The title means“The cause of a surgeons success.”Translated
2、as“外科医生的成功之道”“making”means of gaining success“成功之道”;e.g.The perseverance was the making of the writer.(坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。)而而in the makingin the making=in the process of being in the process of being made;ready to be produced“made;ready to be produced“在制造中，在在制造中，在酝酿中酝酿中”；e.g.Our plans are still in the m
3、aking.(我们的计划还在酝酿之中。)另外，makings=the qualities needed(具有)成为所需的素质；e.g.He has the makings of a good doctor.(他具有成为好医生的素质。)resident v.s.residency Resident:（实习结束后进入高级训练阶段的）住院医生；doctor who lives in the hospital and continue practicing after completing his internship（n.美实习医生或实习教师、实习生的职位或职务；实习生）.Residency:(高级
4、专科)住院实习期；the last stage of a doctors training at a hospital.I.Warming-up exercisesI.Warming-up exercisesII.A brief Introduction to the textII.A brief Introduction to the textIII.Detailed explanation of the textIII.Detailed explanation of the textIV.Summary of the textIV.Summary of the textV.Language
5、 pointsV.Language pointsVI.HomeworkVI.HomeworkTeaching ProceduresQuestions for discussion(hard-working,lucky,chance,opportunity,healthy,intelligence,self-confidence)(self-confidence)“Self-confidence is the first requisite “Self-confidence is the first requisite (必要条件必要条件)to great undertakings()to gr
6、eat undertakings(事业事业).”).”Samuel JohnsonSamuel JohnsonWordsReading of the new wordssurgeonsurgeonn.n.doctor who performs operations 外科医生self-confidenceself-confidence n.n.自信心Wordsmaking making n.n.means of gaining success 成功之道residentresident n.n.住院医生Wordsconcludeconcludevt.vt.arrive at a belief or
7、 opinion by reasoning 得出结论surgicalsurgicala.a.of,by,or for surgery 外科的；手术的Wordscompetentlycompetently ad.ad.with the necessary skill 称职地；胜任地near near vt.vt.approach;come closer tocompetent a.Wordsemergencyemergency n.n.sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 紧急情况；急症encounterencounter
8、 vt.vt.be faced with(difficulties,danger,etc.);meet unexpectedly 遭到；意外地遇见Wordsdreaddreadvt.vt.fear greatly 畏惧criticalcriticala.a.important at a time of danger and difficulty 紧要的；关键性的Wordsparticularparticulara a.belonging to some one person,thing,or occasion 特定的case case n.n.instance of disease or in
9、jury 病例Wordsinfrequently infrequently adad.seldom;not oftenrelaxrelaxvivi.become less tense 放松relaxation relaxation n.n.Wordsresidencyresidencyn n.the last stage of a doctors training at a hospital 高级专科住院实习(期)constantconstanta.a.happening all the time;unchanging 不断的；始终如一的Wordsresolveresolvevtvt.solv
10、e 解决considered considered a a.carefully thought out 经过深思熟虑的resolutionresolution n.n.Wordsdwelldwell (dwelt;dwelled)vivi.live(in a place)居住boundbounda.a.very likely;certain 一定的；必然的Wordssound sound a a.correct;based on good judgment 正确的；合理的confidentconfident a.a.sure of oneself and ones abilities 自信的c
11、onfidenceconfidence n.n.Wordshandle handle vtvt.manage,deal with 处理butterflybutterfly n.n.蝴蝶Wordsabdomenabdomenn n.belly 腹(部)anticipateanticipatevt.vt.see beforehand 预期anticipationanticipation n.n.Wordssweatsweatn n.&vi.vi.汗；流汗stabstab /stAb/n.n.thrust made with a pointed weapon 刺，戳Wordsbellybellyn
12、n.肚，腹部puncturepuncturevt.vt.make a small hole in(sth.)with sth.pointed 刺穿 Wordscompoundcompound a a.having more than one part 复合的fracturefracturen.n.break in a bone 骨折Wordscompound fracture compound fracture n n.复合性骨折inevitablyinevitablyad.ad.unavoidably 不可避免地inevitable inevitable a.a.Wordserrerrviv
13、i.make mistakes;do wrong operateoperatevi.vi.perform a surgical operation 动手术Wordssurgerysurgeryn n.外科；外科手术solesolea.a.unshared;one and only 唯一的Wordsresponsibilityresponsibilityn n.责任，责任心avoidavoidvt.vt.escape;keep or get away from 避免Wordsconceitedconceiteda a.have too high an opinion of oneself 自负的
14、conceitconceitn n.too high an opinion of oneselfWordstrying trying a.a.hard to endure or bear;very difficult 难受的；恼人的botherbother vtvt.annoy,trouble 烦扰，麻烦Wordsuncertaintyuncertainty n.n.uncertain condition;doubtA game of wordsconf_d_ntc_ncl_dec_mp_tentcr_t_calres_l_tionc_ns_deredant_c_pates_rg_ryc_nc
15、e_trespons_b_l_tyin_v_tablyinfr_qu_ntlye eio ou uoeiiouoiiiueoiiiieiee This article is written by Dr.William Nolen,a well-known American surgeon and author.Do.Nolen reveals to us in his article that he,as a doctor,had gone a long way before he became a surgeon.Then,what quality,according to Dr.Nolen
16、,is essential in the making of a surgeon and at what point of time does a doctor finally become a surgeon?A famous surgeon tells about the A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his importance of self-confidence from his own experience.own experience.THE MAKING OF A SURG
17、EONTHE MAKING OF A SURGEONDr.Nolen Dr.Nolen How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a“surgeonsurgeon”?As my year as chief residentresident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.THE MAKING OF A SURGEONTHE MAKING OF A SURGEONDr.Nolen Dr.Nolen H
18、ow does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a“surgeonsurgeon”?As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.doctordoctorphysician内科医生surgeon外科医生specialist专科医生dentist牙科医生obstetrician产科医生pediatrician儿科医生surgeonsurgeon 外科医生THE MA
19、KING OF A SURGEONTHE MAKING OF A SURGEONDr.Nolen Dr.Nolen How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a“surgeon”?As my year as chief residentresident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.residentresident 住院医生intern(实习医生)resident surgeonInternshi
20、p+residency=35 yearsBackground information Career in medicine in the U.S.(行医在美国)在美国作医生得先修完四年本科课程，至少先读四年大学，获得学士学位，然后在医学院再学习四年。毕业后一般先在医院作实习医生，接受训练和指导。要和医生一起巡视病房，帮助处理急诊。之后做“住院医生”。住院医生所担负的责任比实习医生要大，除了应继续向同行学习、专研业务外，还要经常在手术台旁作有经验的医生的助手，同时也接替在职医生处理急诊。住院医生在住院期间如表现突出，可提升为住院长，负起更多的责任。当实习医生及住院医生的年限，根据所学的专业的不同
21、，或三年或五年不等。Three types of doctors in the U.S.美国医生的三种类型一、全科医生(general practitioner)治疗所有常见疾病。在有些需要专门技术的病例中，患者要被介绍去看专家(也即，第二种医生)。二、专科医生(specialist),专科医生可分为牙科医生(dentist),儿科医生(pediatrican)，外科医生(surgeon)，内科医生(physician)，产科医生(obstertrician)等。三、医学研究者，他们同样受过医学训练，但不行医，只在医学院或大学的医学中心从事医学研究与教学工作。The answer,I conc
22、luded,was self-confidence.When you can say to yourself,“There is no surgical patient There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently,treat just as well as or I cannot treat competently,treat just as well as or better than any other surgeonbetter than any other surgeon”then,and not until then
23、,you are indeed a surgeon.I was nearing that point.我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他我能胜任对任何外科病人的治疗，我的治疗和其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明。外科医生一样高明，甚至比其他医生更高明。self-confidence Take,for example,the emergency situationsemergency situations that we encountered almost every night.The first few months of the year I had dreaded t
24、he ringing of the telephone.I knew it meant another critical decisioncritical decision to be made.Often,after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situationparticular situation,Id have trouble getting back to sleep.Id review all Id review all the facts of the case and,not infrequently
25、,wonder if I the facts of the case and,not infrequently,wonder if I hadnt made a poor decision.hadnt made a poor decision.More than once at two or three in the morning,after lying awake for an hour,Id get out of bed,dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself.It was the only way I coul
26、d find the peace It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.of mind I needed to relax.emergency situationsemergency situations 紧急情况critical decisioncritical decision 关键性的决定particular situationparticular situation 特殊情况我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情,常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定。这是我能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静的唯一方法
27、。Now,in the last month of my residency,sleeping was no longer a problem.There were still situations in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one,but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon,one that could never be completely resolved and I could live with
28、it.and I could live with it.So,once I had made a considered decisionconsidered decision,I no longer dwelt on it.Reviewing it wasnt going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience,any decision Id made was bound to be a sound one.It was a nice feeling.Here“it”refers to the preceding(前面的
29、)sentence“There were still situations in which I couldnt be certain my decision had been the right one a constant problem that could never be completely resolved”considered decisionconsidered decision 深思熟虑的决定 In the operating room I was equally confident.I knew I had the knowledge,the skill,the expe
30、rience to handle any surgical situation Id ever encounter in practice.There were no more butterflies in my stomachbutterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance,I could handle whate
31、ver I found.Id sweated through my share of stab Id sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly,of punctured lungs,of compound wounds of the belly,of punctured lungs,of compound fractures.fractures.I had sweated over them for five years.I didnt need to sweat any more.butterflies in ones stom
32、achbutterflies in ones stomacha feeling of fear or anxiety 紧张不安，忐忑不安 Id been nervous and filled with anxiety while painstakingly treating the serious injuries that come to every young doctor such serious injuries as stab wounds in the abdomen,punctured lungs and compound fractures.我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手下的腹部刺
33、伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。Nor was I afraid of making mistakes.I knew that when I when I was out in practicewas out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didnt need surgery or sit on someone who did.Five years earlier even one year earlier I wouldnt have been abl
34、e to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment.Now I could.I still dreaded errors would do my best to avoid them but I knew they were part of a surgeons life.I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasnt able to avoid a mistake,chance
35、s were that no other surgeon could have,either.chances were that no other surgeon could have,either.when I completed my residency period and began to work on my own as a surgeon当我出去开业行医时 it was most likely that no other surgeon could have avoided the mistake.那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。This all sounds conc
36、eited and I guess it is but a surgeon needs conceit.He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when hes bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine.He has to feel that hes as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world.Call it conceit ca
37、ll it self-confidence;whatever it was,I had it.a.Young surgeons lose a lot of sleep.b.Self-confidence is the key to the making of a surgeon.c.A good surgeon is one who makes no mistakes.d.Failure is the mother of success.PartI(para.1-2):PartI(para.1-2):The author puts forward his idea self-confidenc
38、e is vital to the making of a surgeon.Organization of the textPart III(para.7):The author comes to a conclusion that he has self-confidence.Part II(para.3-6):The author tries to support his idea reasons and examples.Writing skill Writing skillArgumentationArgumentationPart I:thesis (论点)Part II:suppo
39、rters (论据)Part III:conclusion (结论)reasonsexamplestopic sentence(主题句)illustrating(举例)reasoning(说理)1.Grammatical structures1.Grammatical structures (L12)(L12)Often,after I had told Walt or Larry what Often,after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation,Idto do in a particular situ
40、ation,Id have have trouble getting back to sleeptrouble getting back to sleep.注意：注意：doing sth.havetrouble problemdifficulty (L12)(L12)Often,after I had told Walt or Larry what Often,after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation,Idto do in a particular situation,Id have have tro
41、uble getting back to sleeptrouble getting back to sleep.eg.Such a pleasant girl as she has no has no trouble making friends trouble making friends with people.The boy had a lot of trouble getting had a lot of trouble getting up early in winter.He has problem spelling has problem spelling English wor
42、ds.Grammatical structures (L21)(L21)So,So,once once I had made a considered I had made a considered decision decision eg.Once Once a good beginning is made,you will have no further difficulty operating the machine.Once Once she began to write in English,she felt how weak she was in the language.(L5)
43、(L5)There is There is no no surgical patient Isurgical patient I cannot cannot treat competently.treat competently.I can treat any surgical patient competently.eg.His dog will eat almost anything.His dog will not will not eat almost nothing.John is called Mr.Fix it because he can fix almost anything
44、.John is called Mr.Fix it because he cannot cannot fix almost e to an end 结束eg.eg.This semester is drawing to a closedrawing to a close.The year soon drew to its closedrew to its close.draw to a closedraw to a close .Words and phrases treat:treat:治疗治疗cure:cure:治愈治愈eg.eg.Which doctors are _ her for h
45、er illness?The bone fracture(断裂)in the truck drivers left leg was being carefully _.This medicine should _ you of your cold.treatingtreatedcure encounterencountermeetmeeteg.eg.He promised to _ her at the airport.On the train I _(偶然遇见)an old friend of mine who I had not seen for years.meetencountered
46、EncounterEncounter is a synonym(同义词)for meetmeet.It is a more formal word and strongly implies an unexpected meeting.particular,specialparticular,special特别，特殊particular:particular:指在一定范围某一特定的事物或人special:special:泛泛指特殊的，特别的 particular,special particular,special特别，特殊eg.eg.As far as fruits are concerned
47、,I have no _ taste.As a man,he has nothing _.particularparticularspecialspecial The bus driver is usually polite,but in this _ case he lost his temper._ attention was given to the orphan girl.particularparticularSpecialSpecial live withlive withaccept(sth.unpleasant)忍受，接受eg.eg.Most of us dont like t
48、he new regulations,but we have to learn to live withlive with them.You must live with live with the fast that you are no longer as healthy as you were.比较：比较：put up with put up with 忍受忍受come to terms with 接受，妥协 dwell ondwell onthink about,speak or write a lot about 多想eg.eg.Let bygones be bygones.Dont
49、 dwelldwell so much onon the past.The speaker dwelt ondwelt on that point for more than an hour.be bound tobe bound tobe certain to;be sure to 确实能，有把握eg.eg.You are bound toare bound to succeed if you keep on trying.Its bound toIts bound to rain.Look!The clouds are gathering quickly.in practice in pr
50、actice 在实际工作中in theory 在理论上in principle 在原则上in reality在现实中 operate onoperate oncut the body in order to set right or remove a diseased parteg.eg.Have you ever been operated onoperated on?Ill have to have my stomach operated operated onon.sit onsit onneglect;do nothing bout 忽视eg.eg.I sent in my appli
