1、定语从句的用法一、 定语从句的概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 (尤其是限制性定语从句)（定语在汉语中常用的表示。它主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以有一个句子来担任。单词做定语是通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句做定语是则放在所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。） 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when,
2、 why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去 2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the
3、desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的
4、那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意：whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 4 whose用于指人，也可以用于指物（相当于of which 注明:whose=the+物/人+of which/whom ）Do you like the book whose color is yellow?Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? I once lived in the house wh
5、ose roof has fallen in . I once lived in the house ,the roof of which has fallen in . 5.关系词的区别 （1）关系词只能用that的情况: a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 b.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some，the o
6、ne等不定代词时， Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被由the only ,the very, the same, the last ,every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时. This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I s
7、aw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是there be 结构 There is an old man who wants to see you . There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 （2）关系词不用that 的情况: a.先行词为that, those时 Whats that which is under the d
8、esk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。 （in/on/at/during +which） This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。 (2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。(in/at+which)This i
9、s place where he works.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。（for/which）Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 六、图形总结如下 从句缺主语who,that 先行词是人 从句缺宾语whom,which,that,省略 关系代词 从句缺定语whose 从句缺主语which，that先行词是物 从句缺宾语which,that,省略 关系代词 从句缺定语whose 指时间 when 指地点where 关系副词 指原因why 练习
10、一I.单项选择。 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dicti
11、onary _the other day? A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D who 7. The man _
12、coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The house , _ was destoryed in the ter
13、rible fire,has heen repaired.A the roof of which B which roof C its roof D the roof. 用适当的关系词填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The
14、 house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now? 6.He lives in the room _ window faces to the south. 7.He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. 8. Im interested in all _ you have said 9. I can never forget the day _we worked together
15、and the day _we spent together. 10. This is the reason_he didnt come to the meeting. 11.The boy _was here a minute ago is my friend. 12.Dictionary is a book _gives the meanings of words. 13.This letter is from the young man _we met last month. 14.The film_ we saw last night was wonderful. 15.There i
16、s only one thing _I can do. 16.This is the boy _ text book was lost. 17.Carl still remembered the afternoon _ he got to the lab. 18.This is the room _ we lived last year. 19.Thats the very reason _ I want to study English. 20.The reason _you cant study English well is your laziness.练习二（一） 用关系代词或关系副词
17、将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listene
18、d to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.（
19、二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.4. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in t
20、he world _ can frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10. Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.练习三一、单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?
21、-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which 2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher
22、_ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has f
23、orgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once liv
24、ed before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C
25、. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when16. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, o
26、f course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom19. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. un
27、til B. that C. when D. where20. The famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever21. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D.
28、 that22. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which23. Is this factory _ you worked at? A. the one B. which C. that D. where24. Is this the factory _ you worked? A. where B. which C. that D. the one25. -Does the teacher know ev
29、erybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who26. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that27. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. wh
30、ich28. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who29. Do you know a boy _ sister is a nurse in a hospital? A. who B. that C. whom D. whose30. Is there a shop near here_ we can buy vegetables and fruits? A. which B. when C. who D. where二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子1. The boys_
31、are playing football are from Class One. 2. Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3. Mr Liu is the person _ you talked about on the bus. 4. The professor _ you are waiting for has come. 5. Football is a game _is liked by most boys. 6. He likes to read books _ are
32、written by foreign writers.7. This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. 8. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.9. Where is the man _ I saw this morning? 10. The season_ comes after spring is summer. 11. I visited a scientist _ name is known all over the country. 12. He has a friend
33、 _ father is a doctor. 13. I once lived in the house _ roof has fallen in. 14. I still remember the day _ I first came to this school. 15. The time _ we got together finally arrived. 16. Shanghai is the city _ I was born. 17. The house _ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 18. Please tell me
34、 the reason _ you missed the plane. 19. The reason _ he was punished is unknown to us. 20. All the people _are present burst into tears.21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _ are well educated.22. He succeeded in the competition, _ made his parents very happy
35、.23. The school _ he once studied is very famous. 24. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine _ you asked. 25. This is the boy _I played tennis with yesterday. 练习四1. The house _ we live is not big.A. in that B. whichC. in which D. that2. He talked about the lectures and schools _ he had visited.A. that
36、 B. whichC. who D. whom3. The scientist the teacher is talking _ is leaving for Beijing.A. to him B. whomC. to D. to that4. I who _ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.A. is B. areC. were D. am5. _ they could do was to work hard.A. All B. All whatC. All which D. That6. Do you know the
37、 reason _ he didnt come?A. that B. whichC. for D. why7. The room _ windows face south is his.A. that B. whichC. whose D. whos8. The park, _ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that D. when9. The park, _ we met with him, is very nice.A. where B. whichC. that D. when10. The first ti
38、me _ I saw her was in 1989.A. when B. whichC. that D. as11. Pay attention to all _ I do.A. which B. in whichC. what D. that12. Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A. which B. themC. what D. that13. Is there anything _ I can do for you?A. what B. whichC. that D. it14.The woman _ child had fallen ill
39、 was a doctor.A. who B. herC. whose D. /15. The pen _ Im using _ is hers.A. which; it B. that; itC. it; / D. /16. I have the same trouble _ you have.A. that B. whichC. as D. what17 Its the very book _ I want to find.A. which B. thatC. it D. so18. He is the only one of the boys who _ English for four years.A. has learnt B
