1、中考英语直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语。在用直接引语时，引语前后都要加引号。引导引语的动词称为引用动词，如：say, ask, answer, reply等。引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面，间或插在引语中间。在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。【例】“Who is it?” Ann shouted. “I never eat meat,” she explained.“Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.” 当用自己的话转述别人的话
2、时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say, tell等词后可以省略。【例】He said (that) he had lost the bag.Tell her I am out.二、把直接引语变成间接引语时，要改变的内容1.要根据意思改变人称。 2.要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。 3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。三、各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导 (that可省略)。【例】Tony said to me, “ I wi
3、ll leave this book in your desk.” Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk. 如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。【例】Jane said to Tony, “Youd better ask your friends for some advice.” Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice.Jane suggested Tony aski
4、ng his friends for some advice.Jane advised/suggested that Tony (should) ask his friends for some advice. 2.一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】The woman asked me, “Can you show me the way to the nearest bookstore?” The woman asked me whether/if I could show he
5、r the way to the nearest bookstore.直接引语是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用连词whether引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】My friend asked, “Will you come here by bus or by bike?” My friend asked whether I would go there by bus or by bike.直接引语是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常由连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】He asked, “This math problem is ver
6、y difficult, isnt it? He asked whether/if that math problem was very difficult.3.特殊疑问句直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。【例】 She asked, “Where do you come from, Tom?” She asked Tom where he came from.4.表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义的疑问句直接引语如果是此类疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。【例】“Could you
7、please tell me something about the trip?” David said to his sister.David asked his sister to tell him something about the trip.“Why dont you buy one for yourself?” she asked.She advised me to buy one for myself.She suggested me buying one for myself.She suggested/advised that I (should) buy one for
8、myself. 5.祈使句直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等动词。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式的前面加not。【例】 Mrs.Lee said to her, “Please come here again tomorrow.” Mrs.Lee asked her to go there again the next/following day.She said, “Dont touch my book, Jack.” She told Jack not to touch her bo
9、ok.6.感叹句直接引语是感叹句，变为间接引语时，可以用what, how或that引导。 【例】“What a sunny day it is!” she said.She said what a sunny day it was./She said that it was a sunny day.She said, “How aloud this student sings!” She said how aloud that student sang./She said that student sang very aloud.四、将直接引语变间接引语时，需要注意的问题1.直接引语是客观事
10、实、科学真理、谚语、习语、格言或为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实，变间接引语时，时态不变。【例】“Where there is no trust, there is no love,” said our teacher.Our teacher said that where there is no trust, there is no love. Her father said to them, “She is a good girl.”Her father told them she is a good girl.2.直接引语中有表示过去某年、某月或某日等具体的时间作状语，变间接引语
11、时，时态一般不变。【例】William said, “I was born in 1988.” William said that he was born in 1988.但当直接引语中有以since, while, when等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，变间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时。【例】She said, “I went there when I was ten years old.”She said that she had gone there when she was ten years old.3.如果就在当地或当天转述，here不必变为there，动词come不必变为go；yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。【例】 “Just come here to wait for me after school,” said my mother.My mother asked me to just come here to wait for her after school.“I am now a Chinese citizen,” Henry said proudly.Henry said proudly that he is now a Chinese citizen.3
