1、.句句 子子 成成 分分 分分 析析.主语主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题是全句谈论的中心话题找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当当v1.Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.v2.He works very hard at schoolv3.To go to a good university is his first goal.v4.Doing morning exercise is good for your health._名词名词代词代词不定式不定式动名词动名词.谓语谓语(Predicate)是回答主语
2、做什么是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后怎么了，位于主语后v1.We love China.v2.We have finished reading this book.v3.He can speak English.v4.She seems tired._.宾语宾语(object)是动作的对象是动作的对象,目标目标;位于及物动词后位于及物动词后.1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形
3、式形式构成。构成。如：如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。）由系动词加表语构成。如：如：We are students.英语中那些成分可以充当宾语英语中那些成分可以充当宾语v1.We often help him.v2.He likes to play basketball.v3.We enjoy listening to the music.v4.She said that he felt sick.v5.They are talking about the new stude
4、nt._代词代词名词名词动名词动名词从句从句注意注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之位于介词之后的成分也被称之为宾语为宾语._.宾语补足语宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明是对宾语进行补充说明宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语复合宾语v1.They elected John monitor.v2.We call him Iron Ox.v3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.v4.They made her happy.v5.He is going to have hair cut.v6.They saw a bird flying i
5、n the sky._ _哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？ask/tell/teach/help/order sb to do let/make/have sb do.英语中有一类词叫英语中有一类词叫系动词系动词,与系动词连用的叫与系动词连用的叫系表结构系表结构,说明主语的状态说明主语的状态,性质等性质等.v1.I am a teacher.v2.They are on the playground.v3.My job is teaching English.v4.It gets cold.v5.It sounds interesting._常见的系动词有常见的系动词有be
6、 动词动词,有有get,become,turn,grow 等表等表“变得变得”的词的词,和感官动词和感官动词(除了除了sound你还能举例吗你还能举例吗?)_.v存在存在类类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调存在。常见的有:v (是是),(看起来看起来),(摸上去摸上去),(似乎是似乎是),(似乎、显得似乎、显得),(证明是证明是),闻起来闻起来),(尝尝起来起来),(听起来听起来)等。v持续持续类类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调持续。常见的有:(依然依然),(保保持持),(保持保持),(继续、仍旧继续、仍旧),(处于处于某状况或情形某状况或情形)等v变化变化类类:
7、表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调变化后的情况或状态.常见的有:(变成变成),(变成变成),(变变得得),(变得变得)等。.v连系动词连系动词v存在存在类类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调存在。常见的有:vbe(是是),look(看起来看起来),feel(摸上去摸上去),seem(似乎似乎是是),appear(似乎、显得似乎、显得),prove(证明是证明是),smell(闻闻起来起来),taste(尝起来尝起来),sound(听起来听起来)等。v持续持续类类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调持续。常见的有:remain(依依然然),keep
8、(保持保持),stay(保持保持),continue(继续、仍继续、仍旧旧),stand(处于某状况或情形处于某状况或情形)等v变化变化类类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强调变化后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成变成),turn(变成变成),grow(变变得得),go(变得变得)等。.定语定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当v1.The black bike is mine.v2.She is a chemistry teacher.v3.The
9、 man in blue is my brother.v4.The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.v5.The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher._形容词形容词介词介词短语短语分词分词从句从句名词名词_.v1.The shortest distance between two points is a straight line.v2.We didnt meet anybody new at the meeting.v3.The boy,tired,hungry and th
10、irsty,fell down on the beach.v4.He is a man suitable for the job._你能归纳出定语的位置吗你能归纳出定语的位置吗?_.定语定语说明名词特点说明名词特点,性质性质;状语状语则说明则说明 动词何如何动词何如何.v1.We often help him.v2.I really dont like the food.v3.He did his homework carefully vat home.v4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.v5.When I grow up,
11、I am going to be a doctor._状语说明了动词的哪些方面的特点状语说明了动词的哪些方面的特点?_.翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：v1.小李回家后，立刻就睡觉去了。小李回家后，立刻就睡觉去了。vXiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.v2.我吃了饭就去了。我吃了饭就去了。vIll go when I have had my dinner.巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里
12、照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The re
13、port sounds interesting.主谓结构主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常常用来表示主语的动作。用来表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sa
14、t there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6 6这个重五公斤。
15、这个重五公斤。1.She went home very late yesterday.2.The meeting will last two hours.3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.5.Classes begin at eight every day.6.This box weighs five kilos.v7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。v8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
16、秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。v v9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。v v10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。9.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.8.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物
17、的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.巩固练习
18、：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。1.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.That gentleman can speak
19、three languages fluently.v6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。v v7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。v8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。v v9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。v10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？6.I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.7.Jim cannot dress himself.8.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.9.He d
20、id not know what to say.10.Do you mind my opening the window?.英语基本句型英语基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every
21、day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,g
22、et,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。.巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。.1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Gran
23、dma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明:此
24、结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He us
25、ed to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相
26、告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read E
27、nglish aloud.He has his hair cut every month.We wont let her go out at night.9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible sound made the children frightened
28、.She is listening to someone telling stories.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型
29、句型 说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there
30、lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：态变化。如：现在有现在有 there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be.肯定有肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎
31、有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be.巩固练习：巩固练习：1这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的.6恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。8公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。9
32、就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。10铃响了。铃响了。.There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone in the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happ
33、ened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.v（一）分析下列句子成分：（一）分析下列句子成分：v1.Our school is not far from my home.v主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 v 2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you v主语主语
34、系动词系动词 表语表语v3.All of us considered him honest.v主语主语 动词动词 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 v4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.v主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语.v5.He broke a piece of glass.主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语v6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.v主语主语 动词动词 形式宾语形式宾语 it 宾语补足语宾语补足语+宾语宾语v7.I love you more than her,child.v主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 v8.Trees turn green when spring comes.v主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语
