1、阅读七选五专练(四)(限时25分钟)ASome people can sit outside all summer long and not suffer from mosquito bites. Others get a lot of bites. What gives? 1. Mosquitoes use specialized behaviors and sensory organs to find victims by following the subtle(微妙的) chemical traces their bodies leave behind. In particular,
2、mosquitoes rely on carbon dioxide to find their hosts. Mosquitoes start flying upwind towards the carbon dioxide as they sense it. 2. Things start getting personal when mosquitoes get about 3 feet away from a group of potential targets. In close quarters, mosquitoes take into account a lot of factor
3、s that vary from person to person, including skin temperature, the presence of water vapor and color. Scientists believe that mosquitoes rely on the chemical compounds produced by the bacteria living on our skin to choose victims. 3. If you compare a father and daughter in the same household, there
4、can be differences in the amounts of the chemicals the bacteria are making. Researchers found that men with a greater diversity of skin bacteria tended to get fewer mosquito bites than men with less diverse skin bacteria did. 4. The composition of those bacteria can also vary over time in the same i
5、ndividual, particularly if that person is sick. We dont have much control over the bacteria on our skin, but scientists did offer some advice based on their research. 5, so consider wearing something lighter at your next cookout. A. Mosquitoes love the color blackB. Mosquitoes have a good sense of s
6、mellC. These chemical compounds vary from personD. Some chemical compounds attract mosquitoesE. Its mostly about the invisible chemicals around usF. Using carbon dioxide, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from 50 meters awayG. These differences can account for big differences in how many bites a pers
7、on gets【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 解释了为什么有些人容易被蚊子咬, 而有些人则不被蚊子咬。1. 【解析】选E。下句提到“by following the subtle chemical traces”, E选项中出现chemicals一词, 与之呼应, 同时也是对上段末尾What gives的回答。故选E。2. 【解析】选F。F项中的carbon dioxide与上句中该词属“词汇复现”。是对上句的进一步解释。3. 【解析】选C。C项中出现了上句中的chemical compounds, 与上句谈论的是同一个话题, 衔接合理。4. 【解析】选G。G项中的These differen
8、ces 与本段第一句中“differences”指的是同一种“不同”。G项中的“how many bites a person gets”与上句语义一致。5. 【解析】选A。根据空格后的“something lighter ”可知, 此句谈论的是服装颜色, 所以A项“蚊子喜欢黑色”符合语境。【知识拓展】词汇积累specialized adj. 专业的; 专门的particular adj. 特别的; 详细的; 独有的personal adj. 个人的; 身体的; 亲自的potential adj. 潜在的, 可能的diversity n. 多样性; 差异individual adj. 个人的;
9、 个别的BThe human body cant handle extreme heat. The processes that keep us alive work best within a certain temperature window. Thats generally between about 36 and 37 Celsius, depending on the person. If someones body temperature goes higher, the bodys primary response to heat is to try and get rid o
10、f it. To get rid of the heat, blood vessels(血管) in the skin expand. 1That pushes blood flow to the skin. There, the blood can release heat to cool down. Meanwhile, sweating kicks in to cool the skin. 2 That limit depends on an individuals health, as well as the temperature and humidity(湿度) outside.
11、If the outside temperatures are hotter than the body, blood at the skin wont release heat. And where humidity is high, sweating wont cool the skin. 3 In that case, people can experience heat exhaustion, which causes weakness, dizziness and sickness. If a person still doesnt cool off, heat stroke (中暑
12、)may occur. 4 This can allow the body temperature to climb as high as 40 C. That is high fever. Without treatment, death may follow. No one is immune to heat. But it hits some groups harder than others. The elderly are considered the most easy to be attacked. One reason: They have fewer sweat glands
13、. But their bodies also respond more slowly to rising temperatures. 5 Many people see heat as more of an annoyance than a threat. But climate change, extreme heat and human health are all connected. As Earths temperatures climb, extreme heat waves will probably become more common, endangering more p
14、eople. A. The body cant endure too much heat. B. At the same time, the heart begins beating faster. C. But there is a limit to how much the body can adjust. D. This signals that the bodys ability to regulate heat has broken down. E. If the body temperature stays high for long, some organs can be dam
15、aged. F. If the body has to keep dealing with heat without a break, it gets worn out. G. Children, too, are at risk because they havent fully developed the ability to regulate heat. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了过高的温度对人生命的影响。1. 【解析】选B。根据空格后的句子“That pushes blood flow to the skin. ”可知, 上句应该涉及心脏的内容。故选B。2. 【解析】选C。
16、空格位于段首, 一般起到上下段之间逻辑联系的作用。上段提到血液和汗液对降温的作用。本段下文提到个体情况以及外部温度对体温调剂的影响。上下段之间为转折关系, C项符合语境。3. 【解析】选F。根据下句中的In that case, 可知空格处与下句之间为因果关系。再根据下句中exhaustion与F项中的同义转换词worn out可知, F项正确。4. 【解析】选D。根据前面的“heat stroke may occur”可知, D项(这表明身体调节热量的能力已经崩溃)语意连贯, 符合语境。5. 【解析】选G。本段先提出 “it hits some groups harder than othe
17、rs”, 然后举例说明这一现象, 第一个例子为“The elderly. . . ”; G项, “Children, too, are at risk”与第一个例子并列, 逻辑合理。CHow the Internet WorksThe Internet Connects Smaller Networks In a very simple computer network, two computers are linked together in order to communicate. 1. You can expand that network to include more comput
18、ers easily with a router. When one router is connected to another, the network is able to scale without limit. Communicating over the InternetOn the Internet, data from individual computers and networks is sent to the users Internet service provider (ISP). 2. Users can communicate with a specific co
19、mputer on the Internet either by typing in the computers Internet protocol (IP) address or by using its domain name(域名). Traditional Internet Infrastructure(基础设施)3. Modems change the data from business and home networks into information that can be managed over the telephone infrastructure. Instead
20、of the point-to-point circuit switching used in traditional voice calling, the Internet uses packet switching for sending data among countless computers. 4While the two words are sometimes used almost interchangeably, the Internet is not the same thing as the Web. The Web is a service built on top o
21、f the Internet. For typing in domain names and browsing websites, end-users rely on Web browser software. Web browsers send messages to certain computers on the network, which are known as Web servers. Rise of the Mobile InternetWith the popularity of mobile smartphones and tablets computers, a mobi
22、le Internet has arisen that uses towers to pass information to and from satellites. The phones use their built-in antennas (天线) to send information to the towers and fetch data. 5. A. The Internet is different from the WebB. We use two words to describe the InternetC. Typically, this is done either
23、physically or wirelesslyD. Traditionally, the data traffic has run over cable networksE. Generally, we can communicate with each other via the satelliteF. Each ISP runs special routers capable of communicating with othersG. Thus, cellphones can be used wherever you can connect with a tower station【文
24、章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了网络的运行方式。1. 【解析】选C。考查上下文联系。本段解释什么是电脑网络, C项中的this指代上文中的“simple computer network”, C项符合语境。2. 【解析】选F。考查上下文语义的连续性。根据关联信息ISP可知, F项与上句涉及的内容一致。符合语境。3. 【解析】选D。考查上下文语义的连续性。根据D项中Traditionally可知, 此选项与标题语义一致, cable networks与标题中的Infrastructure语义有关联。故选D。4. 【解析】选A。考查段落标题。本段主要讲述Internet 与Web两个词的不同。故
25、选A。5. 【解析】选G。考查总结与归纳。本段主要讲述移动网络, 以及手机接收信息的原理, 故G项顺承上句, 符合语境。【知识拓展】长难句分析Modems change the data from business and home networks into information that can be managed over the telephone infrastructure. 分析: modems调制解调器; change. . . into. . . 把转换成; telephone infrastructure电话基础设施; that引导定语从句, 修饰information
26、。 译文: 调制解调器将来自商业和家庭网络的数据转换成可以通过电话基础设施进行管理的信息。DPush yourself and youll find how strong you are How strong are you? That is a tough question to answer both to a man and a woman. But how do you define your strength? How do you know your limits? 1 When push comes to press, we often discover that we are
27、much stronger than we think. 2 Strength is not always about pure physical strength. Rather, it is about willpower. It is about the capacity to get things done. I know some people who are intellectually strong, but they get very little done in their jobs. And I know others who find work extremely cha
28、llenging, but are able to move mountains by their full drive and hard work. They possess inner strength. More interesting is that these productive hard-workers often dont even notice the load. Bystanders are not only amazed but often ask, “How do you do it? ” The answer usually comes back, “I just w
29、ork harder than the others. ”So, why are some people able to do more? What gives them added drive? What gives them extra strength? Could it be, they have simply given themselves permission to do more? Self-set limits. 3 Sometimes these boundaries are based on past experiences. Sometimes they are bas
30、ed on sensed capacities. Sometimes these limits are based on nothing. So, how do we break through these limits? How do we get stronger? Pushing it. Many people are going through the motions, but are nowhere near their limits. 4 Pushing it is what it takes to increase your limits. In the gym, bodybui
31、lders discovered this long ago. But, the same principle is true when it comes to inner strength. Discipline and drive. Want to test your limits? Push yourself. Test your self-aware limitation to see how accurate they are. Make sure your goals are slightly beyond what you think can be achieved. You a
32、re stronger than you think. Most people underestimate their strength. As you go through your day, challenge your capacity. Test your limits. Push yourself to find your true boundaries and define your strength. 5A. What is Strength? B. Can you be sure if you havent tried? C. How do you know just how
33、much youve got? D. What I have observed is that most people set their own limits. E. If you want to be stronger, you have to push your boundaries. F. When you discover how much youve really got, you may surprise even yourself. G. They limit their output based on self-built limitation of their capabi
34、lities and strengths. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。论述了不逼自己一把就不知道自己有多厉害的观点以及为何给自己加压的道理。1. 【解析】选C。过渡句, 根据该段小标题How strong are you? 和其前的两句 But how do you define your strength? How do you know your limits? 可知how do you. . . 是连续的排比句, C项How do you know just how much youve got? 无论从上下文句意还是结构上都一致。2. 【解析】选A。段首句, 该段后边讲的都是力量是什
35、么, 或者与什么有关, 故开头句应该是提出问题, 且与力量有关, 故选A项合适。3. 【解析】选D。过渡句, 该段小标题是Self-set limits, 所以D项的What I have observed is that most people set their own limits. 承接了上下文; 空后句Sometimes these boundaries are based on past experiences. 中的these boundaries 也应该是从上文这句引出的。G项They limit their output based on self-built limitat
36、ion of their capabilities and strengths. 虽然也谈到设限, 但这里的they指代不明, 上文没有出处, 故不合适。4. 【解析】选E。过渡句, 该段首句Pushing it 逼自己一把, 空后Pushing it is what it takes to increase your limits. 需要的就是逼自己一把来增强你的极限, 所以承上启下就是If you want to be stronger, you have to push your boundaries. 如果你想要变得更强大就得逼自己一把。5. 【解析】选F。段尾总结句, 本段首句You are stronger than you think. 你比自己想象的更坚强, 后边讲如果你逼迫自己突破自己的极限, 那么就可以实现目标, 甚至会令自己吃惊。(When you discover how much youve really got, you may surprise even yourself. )
