1、牛津沪教版初中英语八年级英语下Module 2 Arts and Crafts Unit-3-Traditional-skills重难点及语法总结巩固训练教学课题U3 Traditional skills教学目标一、重点词汇讲解重点难点 although 虽然，尽管一 必 记 单 词 :description,describe,fishermen,although,fit,dive,ready,reach,attract,hang,require,practise,scissors,pattern Character,health,simple,lovely二常考短语：paper cuttin
2、g, up to, set off, up and down, after dark, no more, all the time三知识讲解及拓展1 used to & be used to doing &be used to doUsed to do sth 过去常常做某事 只用于过去时态 He used to go to school by bike.Be used to doing 习惯于 可用于过去，现在，将来等时态 He is used to going to school.Be used to do被用于. 可用于任何时态=be used for doingEg: 1 -How i
3、s your grandma?-She is fine. She used to _TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _ out for a walk.A watch, go B watching,go C watching,going D watch,going2 Bamboo can _paper.A used to make B be used make C be used to make D be used to making2 although 虽然，尽管与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句。不能与 but同时出现在句
4、子中。 Although比较正式，常用于句首； though多用于非正式文体，表示强调。Eg: -The boy can speak both English and Japanese_he is only ten. -Wow, what a clever boy.A if B because C although3 fit adj. 健壮的，健康的 v. 合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。To keep fit, she eats a lot of vegetables and fruits.This coat does not fit me.4 up to 到达，至多有； up to now 到
5、现在为止=by nowHis storybooks are up to 50.5 set off 出发，动身=set outThey set off at night.6 get/be ready for 为.做好准备， be ready 准备好的. Be ready to do sth 准备做某事Mother gets ready for dinner.Tom is ready for the exam.Are you ready?Im ready to go.7 tie.around.栓.在.周围The girl ties a scarf around her neck.Tie to 把.
6、系在.He tied the horse to a tree.Tie up 系好，捆好Please tie up your safety belt.8 stop .from doing 阻止.做.=prevent .from=keep .fromThe heavy rain prevented/kept us from climbing the mountain.9 reach&get&arriveReach 及物动词，后直接跟表示地点的名词Get Get to +地点名词； get here/theArrive Arrive at+小地点；arrive in+大地点；可当不及物动词： He
7、arrived.10 hang 悬挂，吊悬挂： hang-hung-hung; 绞死，吊死： hang-hanged-hanged11 throw短语Throw .into 把.扔进. Throw away 扔掉 throw off 匆匆脱掉 throw at 向.扔去He threw a stone into the river.Throw away those old newspapers.Dont throw off your coat. It is cold outside.Tom threw stones at my dog.12 require& needPlants requir
8、e watering every day.They require that I should appear.I need to buy a new bike.The room needs to be cleaned.You neednt come.13 no more& no longerNo more 不再常用来修饰非延续性动词，表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作，多指数量上不再增加，程度不加深。=not .any more No longer 不再相当于not .any longer,在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，指某事从时间上讲以后不再生，其时间不再延续。He no more co
9、mes.We are no longer students.He is no more a student.= He isnt a student any more.14 mistake 错误Make a mistake 犯错误 by mistake 错误地，无意中Mistake A for B 把A错认成BHe makes a lot of mistakes in grammar.I took her umbrella by mistake.I often mistake Lucy for Lily.15 after&laterAfter 介词 常用于过去时态， after+一段时间表示某段
10、时间后Require 及物动词 Require to be done; require doing;require sb to doNeed 及物动词 Need to do; need to be done; need doing情态动词 Need doLater 副词 常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间 +later形容词 意为“后来的”，修饰名词After two years, he died in London.Tom left for Shanghai two weeks later.16 keep 短语Keep sb/sth + 形容词： 使.保持.; keep +形容词：保持某种状态；
11、 keep (sb) doing：不停地做某事Coats will keep you warm.We should keep out school clean and tidy.The shop keeps open twelve hours a day.Dont keep talking.17 名词+y=形容词Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的） luck(幸运）+y=lucky（幸运的）In good/bad/poor health 健康状况好/不好 keep healthy 保持健康For luck 为了吉利； bad luck 倒霉 good luck 好运18 be m
12、ade from& be made ofBe made from 由.制成；看不出原材料Be made of 由.制成；看得出原材料Be made up of 由.组成Be made into 被制成.Be made in 在.制造They made wine from rice.Paper is made from wood.The house is made of wood,The doll is made up of four parts.19 voice&noise&soundVoice 嗓音；指喉咙发出的声音Noise 噪声Sound 泛指一切声音学习语法： 被动语态主动语态表示主语
13、是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用 被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词 do为例）结构：主语 + be + 过去分词时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.2. 带情态动词的被动语态： must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时： was (we
14、re) done4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done例：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：This book was published in 1981. （publish出版）这本书出版于 1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The window
15、 was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lu Xun. 这本书是鲁迅写的。三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词)3把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him. 改为：He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. 改为：The bikes are made by them in the fac
16、tory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾， by短语后面跟。四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 “情态动词be过去分词”构成。We can repair this watch in two days. 改为：This watch can be repaired in two days.We must finish this work soon. 改为：This work must be finished soon.五、主动变被动语态需要注意的几个问题 .（1）时态保持一致。I repaired my computer. 改为：My computer was repaired
17、.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。His best friend often looks after him. 改为：He is often looked after by his best friend.（3）主动语态中若有双宾语 ,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语 ,另一个宾语不变Linda gave me a book.(双宾语，me为间接宾语,a book为直接宾语) 改为：I was given a book by Linda.或者：A book was given to me by Linda.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）（4）主动语态句中动词
18、 make, have, let(使sb.做sth.), see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上 to.Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. 改为：He was made to wash the dishes.（5）有些动词不能用于被动语态 ,例如take place/happen/come true/break out/belong to等。All your dreams will come true if you try your best.（6）感官动词不用于被动语态，例如
19、look/sound/smell/taste等。例如：The flowers smell sweet. The flowers are smelt sweet.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be 40 . 据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏 40度。It is hoped that they will be successful. 希望她们会获得成功。It is believed that. 据信，大家相信 It is known that. 众所周知It is supposed that. 大家认为 i
20、s suggested that. 据建议，有人建议It must be remembered that. 务必记住 It is taken for granted that. 被认为理所当然初中英语被动语态专项练习( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( )3 Thi
21、s English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean.A. kee
22、p B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( )8A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was l
23、eft B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( )11 His new book_ next month.will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken
24、 B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet.have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let
25、me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 17_ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wa
26、snt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxesA. was B. were C. is D. am( )21 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B.
27、be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 25 The play _ at the theatre
28、 next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 26 The old stone bridge _ next week.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )27Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been kee
29、ping D. have been kept( ) 28The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )29Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 30 The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 31 Wet
30、 clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( )32 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 33 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled
31、of C. fulling of D. filled( ) 34Old people must be looked after well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to( ) 35 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 36 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B
32、. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( )37 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( )38These walls_stone.A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( ) 39 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B.
33、was asked C. told D. was said( )40 The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 41 The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( ) 42 I_ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 43
34、 Good care_such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 44She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you( )45The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done( ) 46 The boy_ streets without pay in t
35、he old days.A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 47 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 48 These stones_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted( )49 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed(
36、)50 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. was had B. was held C. held D. had( ) 51 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 52 You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D.
37、 has broken down( ) 53 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 55 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( ) 56 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. brok
38、en( ) 57 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing( ) 58 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close( )59 Can he_himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( )60 He fe
39、ll from his bike and _ A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt( ) 61 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time.A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( ) 62 How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( ) 63 The book is worth
40、_. A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read二、将下列主动句转换成被动句。1.I gave my cousin a toy at Christmas. (give-given)_2. They should do it right now.（do-done）_3. People in the town laugh at Mike._4.I saw a dog crossing the road.(see-seen)_5.Young people must take good care of oldpeople.(take-taken)_6.He didnt g
41、ive the dictionary to me yesterday.(give-given)_三、将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2. The children will sing an English song.(sing-sung) An English song _ _ _ by the children.3. You neednt do it now. (do-done) It _ _ _ by you now.4. Lucy sent me a Ne
42、w Year Card last week. (sent-sent) A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week.5.I give this book to the library. (give-given) This book _ _ to the library.6.Well put on an English play in our school.(put-put) An English play _ _ _ on in our school.7.More and more farmers buy color TV sets. (buy-bough
43、t) Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _(by them) for cutting things.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _(_ _) every day.作业Unit 3 Traditional skills温故知新1. 按照要
44、求写单词。describe (v.) - (n.) hang(v. 悬挂) - （过去式）- （过去分词）hang (v. 绞死) - （过去式）- （过去分词） fit （同义词）-_simple（同义词）-_ reach ( 同义词组) _- _luck(n.) - (adj.) - (adv.) lucky （反义词）-_attract (v.) - (adj.) -_(n.) 尽管_需要_剪刀_有吸引力的，迷人的_ 文字；符号；人物；角色_2. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。1. What does your father look like? Can you d_her?2. Tom often takes exercises, so he is very f_.3. You need a pair of s_ to make pape
