1、非谓语动词非谓语动词谓语动词1)实意动词/行为动词：speak,run,swim2)连系动词：am,is are,look,sound,turn,get3)情态动词：can,should,must4)助动词：do,does,did,have,will非谓语动词1)不定式：to do 2)动名词：V+ing3)分词：V+ing (现在分词)V+ed (过去分词)动词非谓语动词非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。(非谓语动词)She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.(谓
2、语动词)She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.非谓语动词不定式：to do(否定not to do)时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing一 非谓语动词A.作主语To talk with him is a pleasure.(=Its a pleasure to talk with him.)B.作表语 What I want to do is to
3、stay with you.C.作定语（注意：不定式作定语在时间上表示将来）I have some clothes to wash today.D.作宾语 He decided to stay with us.(一)不定式的基本功能非谓语动词E.作状语:表示目的、原因、结果（意料之外）或条件 I came here to see you(目的)We were very excited to hear the news(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there(结果)To look at him,you would like him(条件)
4、非谓语动词F.作宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him.【注意】：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice,observe，see，watch，have,let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to但是当句子变成被动结构时，就必须带 to。I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song非谓语动词G.不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用 He didnt know what to say.(
5、宾语)How to solve the problem is important(主语)My question is when to start.(表语)【注意】在与why或 why not开头的疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to.Why not have a rest?非谓语动词(二)不定式的时态一般式/进行式/完成式 He is said to be our teacher.=It is said that he is our teacher.20 people are reported to have been killed in the accident.=It is repor
6、ted that 20 people were killed in the accident.（不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）He happened to be working at that time.=It happened that he was working.（不定式动作与谓语动词同时发生）非谓语动词(三)不定式的语态 Do you have any clothes to wash?(主动：you 是wash 动作的发出者)Do you have any clothes to be washed today?(被动：you 不是wash 动作的发出者)非谓语动词(四)不定式易考结构归
7、纳1.不定式动词在but，except，besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么，这些词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to can do nothing but do 只能做某事She could do nothing but cry.cant help but do sth 情不自禁做某事 have no choice/alternative but to do 没有选择，只能做某事（考过翻译）I have no choice but to go非谓语动词2.“onlyto do”表示出乎意料的结果He hurried to the booking office
8、 only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。3.固定结构：be said/believed/reported to do/to be doing/to have doneappear/seem/happen to do/to be doing/to have doneHe is believed to go abroad next week.(要去做)He is said to be playing a part in the film.(正在做）He seems to have know
9、n the truth.(已经做)非谓语动词4.the first/second+(名词)+to do sthTom is always the first(student)to enter the class room.Tom 总是第一个到班级。5.固定词组：高考考过：be allowed to do(2次）/be ordered to do/be expected to do/threaten to do/strive to do/magane to do sth其他考点：tend/intend/fail/determine(be determined to do)/attempt(尝试）
10、/refuse/hesitate/promise/pretend/decide/be required to do/wait(for sb)to do非谓语动词6.不定式常见句型1)It is+adj+for/of sb.to do sth.It is important for us to express our opinious.It is clever of him to work out the problem.2)It is a pleasure/pity/an honorto do sth.It is an honor to have a talk with you.3)It ta
11、kes/took sb.some time to do sth.It takes me an hour to finish the book.4)too+adj./adv.for sb.to do sthThe book is too hard for the boy to read.非谓语动词动名词 V+ing（否定 not V+ing）时态语态主动语态 被动语态一般式 doingbeing done 完成式 having donehaving been done 二 非谓语动词(一)动名词基本功能 A.作主语 Learning English is not easy.B.作表语 Her j
12、ob is teaching English.C.作定语 There is a swimming pool in our school.D.作宾语 Please stop talking.（动宾）We are looking forward to hearing from you.（介宾）非谓语动词(二)动名词时态A.一般式(doing)：表示一般性的动作或与谓语同时发生 We are interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to usB.完成式(having done)：动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之
13、前.Im sorry for not having kept my promise.我为没有信守诺言表示道歉。非谓语动词(三)动名词的被动语态 He didnt mind being left at home.他并不介意被留在家里。We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party.我们恭喜他入党。非谓语动词(四)动名词的复合结构：（以Tom为例）由“Toms doing”或“his doing”构成，在句中一般作主语和宾语。A.作主语时，形式为“名词所有格和物主代词+doing”Toms being ill made his mot
14、her worriedYour coming here will help us a lotB.作宾语时，物主代词（可改为人称代词宾格）和名词所有格（可改为普通格）+doingWould you mind his/him opening the window？He insisted on Toms/Tom going on to college非谓语动词(五)动名词易考结构归纳1.固定词组高考考过suggest（2次）/appreciate/risk（2次）/consider doing sth其他考点：admit/deny/avoid/delay/escape/feel like/finis
15、h/imagine/practise/resist/cant stand/bear/mean(意味着）/recommend/mention doing sth2.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 be worth doing sth 值得做某事 Is it worth making such an appointment?be worthy to do/be done 值得做某事 This suggestion is worthy to be considered.非谓语动词3.固定结构It is no use/good(in)doing sth 做某事没有用There is n
16、o point(in)doing sth 做某事没有用have trouble/difficulty/problem(in)doing sth 做某事有困难 It is no use talking too much.说太多没有用。There is no need pointing out his mistakes.不需要指出他的错误。非谓语动词4.动词 need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式。need/require/want doing(主动表被动)=need/require/want to be done The windo
17、w needs cleaning/to be cleaned.玻璃需要清洗。The flowers require watering/to be watered.花需要浇水。非谓语动词chance to do 碰巧去做某事forget to do 忘记要去做某事go on to do继续又做另一件事remember to do 记得要去做某事stop to do 停下来去做某事try to do 努力做某事regret to do对将要做的事表示遗憾mean to do 打算想做某事5.不定式和动名词做宾语的区别chance doing 冒险试一试做某事forget doing 忘记曾做过某事
18、go on doing 继续做同一件事remember doing 记得曾做过某事stop doing 停止做某事try doing 试一试做某事regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾mean doing 意味着做某事非谓语动词 I regret to say I must leave tomorrow.我遗憾地说我明天必须离开。（没做）I regret not having told her earlier.我后悔没有早点告诉她。（做过）Where do you mean to go in your vacation?放假时，你打算去哪里？Missing the train means
19、 waiting for another hour.错过这班火车意味着还要等一小时。非谓语动词分词(V+ing/V-ed)(一)分词基本功能A.分词作定语1)Who is the man standing there?2)This is the sleeping boy.(主动关系)3)This is the book written by Luxun.4)This is the broken window.(被动关系)【注意】有些不及物动词的过去分词并不表被动，而是表示时间上的完成，其相应的现在分词表时间上的正在发生。a developed country发达国家 a developing
20、country发展中国家三 非谓语动词B.分词作表语 The book is interesting.Im interested in the book.C.分词做宾语补足语 I heard someone calling my name.I heard my name called.【结论】：分词（分词短语）作宾补位于宾语后；现在分词与宾语为主动关系，过去分词为被动关系。非谓语动词 D.分词作状语1）He came in,singing and dancing.（随伴状语）2)He came in,followed by a group of students.（随伴状语）3)Seen fr
21、om the hill,the town looks beautiful.（条件或时间状语）4)While walking in the street,I met an old friend of mine.（时间状语）5)Being ill,he couldnt go to school.（原因状语）非谓语动词【注意】如何选择现在分词和过去分词，若分词的动作是由句子的主语发出，就用现在分词，反之则用过去分词。Using the book,I find it useful.(use动作由主句I发出，用现在分词)Used for a long time,the book looks old.（u
22、se主语是sb,不是主句主语book,用过去分词，表被动）非谓语动词(二)分词的时态和语态doing（主动一般式）：分词动作与谓语动作同时发生。Singing and dancing,he came in.having done（主动完成式）：分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。Having finished his homework,he went to bed.having been done（被动完成式）：分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。Having been told the news,he went to hospital at once.非谓语动词being done(被动进行式)：分词动作与
23、谓语动作同时发生 Being built,the school was in a mass.done（被动一般式）【注意】用done 时，一般并不强调分词动作发生的时间，而是强调动作的方式、原因、条件等：Followed by a group of students,he came in.(强调方式)(不用 Being followed by a group of students,he came in.或Having been followed by a group of students,he came in.)Seen from the hill,the village looks be
24、autiful.(强调伴随状况或条件)非谓语动词(三)分词易考结构归纳1.在感官动词和使役动词see，hear，watch，feel，observe，have，listen to，notice等动词后，若用现在分词，表示动作正在发生；若用不定式表示动作发生了，(即动作全过程结束了)。I saw the girl getting on the tractor I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off非谓语动词2.固定结构，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。Generally speaking,dogs can run faster than pi
25、gs.通常而言，狗比猪跑得快。【类似结构】Taking everything into consideration 考虑到一切Judging from/by 从.判断Considering that 考虑到 Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.考虑到一切，结果比预期的好。非谓语动词3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中。此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，这样的词有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/abs
26、orbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.我们在山中迷路了一周，最后被当地警方救了。Seated in the front,he listened to the teacher carefully.他坐在前排，仔细听讲。非谓语动词非谓语易混淆点1.作定语时，done,being done和to be done的区别 This is a problem discu
27、ssed yesterday.这是一个已经讨论了的问题。（已经完成的被动动作）This is a problem being discussed now.这是一个正在讨论的问题。（正在进行的被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed tomorrow.这是一个将要讨论的问题。（将要进行的被动动作）通常done表示被动或者已经完成，being done 表示正在被做，to be done表示将要被做。【注意】having done/having been done 的形式不可以放在一个名词后面做后置定语。四 非谓语动词2.非谓语动词的否定式-ing形式否定式由“
28、not/never+-ing”构成，不定式的否定式由“not/never to do”构成。I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.Not having done the work well,we decided to try again.非谓语动词3.由介词“with+宾语+to do/doing/done”构成在句中一般作定语和状语。With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.W
29、ith his homework finished,he is now watching TV.非谓语动词经典例题1.All flights_ because of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.A.were canceled B.had been canceled C.having canceled D.having been canceled答案：D2.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on
30、finding D.in finding答案：C非谓语动词3.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having答案：D4.You can never imagine what great difficulty I had _ your house.A.found B.finding C.to find D.having found答案：B非谓语动词5.Mr.Reed made u
31、p his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.being set up答案：B6.That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce答案：B非谓语动词7._ for a long time,most of the crops in this
32、area died from lacking water.A.Being no rain B.There was no rain C.To be no rain D.There being no rain答案：D8.not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded答案：B非谓语动词9.Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers _to her mother on her birthday.Asend BsentCsending Dbeing sent答案：B10.Im afraid well have to work extra hours，for there are still some problems_.Aremaining to settle Bremaining to be settledCremained to talk about Dto remain to discuss答案：B非谓语动词Thank you for your attention!
