1、 句句子子结结构构分分类类简单句简单句Simple Simple SentencesSentences含有一个主语（或并列主含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子谓语）的句子并列句并列句Compound Compound SentencesSentences包含两个或两个以上主谓包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词并列连词and/butand/but等或用等或用分号连接分号连接复合句复合句Complex Complex SentencesSentences包含一个主句和一个从句包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从
2、句的或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词句子，且从句用从属连词引导引导 英语简单句五种基本句型：英语简单句五种基本句型：1.1.主系表主系表 (+)2.2.主谓主谓 (+i)i)3.3.主谓宾主谓宾 (+t+t+)4.4.主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 (+t+It+I+D+D）5.5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 (+t+t+)1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语（S+V+P）表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。常见常见系动词系动词如下如下:1.1.表状态：表状态：be,seem,appear；2.2.表感官表感官 look,smell,taste,feel
3、,sound；3 3.表延续：表延续：remain,stay,keep；4 4.表变化：表变化：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,grow；例句：例句：They are good friends.（名词名词）over there.（地点副词）（地点副词）in the classroom.（介词短语）（介词短语）happy.（形容词）（形容词）My hobby is collecting stamps.（动名词）（动名词）My job is to clean the table.（不定式）（不定式）The boss seems happy.（形容词（形容词)(表状态）表状态
4、）The cake tastes delicious.（形容词（形容词)(表感觉）表感觉）The water stays still.（形容词（形容词)(表延续）表延续）The potatoes went bad.（形容词（形容词)(表变化）表变化）be2.2.主语主语+谓语谓语(S+Vi.)谓语为不及物动词谓语为不及物动词1.Time flies.2.We eat and drink.3.They talked for half an hour.4.He is playing.5.The moon will rise.6.They have gone.宾语宾语(即动作的承受者即动作的承受者)
5、成分的多样化：成分的多样化：名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾从等。名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾从等。如：如：1.I like English very much.（名词）（名词）2.I saw him in the street.（代词）（代词）3.She likes swimming.（动名词）（动名词）4.The girl wanted to go home.（不定式）（不定式）5.They have decided where to go.（疑问式不定式）（疑问式不定式）6.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.（宾从）（宾从）3.3.主语主语+谓语谓语
6、+宾语宾语（S+Vt+OS+Vt+O）4.4.主谓间宾（人）直宾（物）主谓间宾（人）直宾（物）(+t+t+I I+D+D）如果如果先说直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），先说直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），要借要借助于介词助于介词toto或或forfor。He passed me the dictionary?（IOIO）（）（D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress.（IOIO）（）（D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此类常见动词：此类常见动词：p
7、ass，show,give,lend,hand,offer,tell,send,bring等等此类常见动词：此类常见动词：buy,cook,get,make,sing等等。5.5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补 (+t+t+)宾语与宾语补足语（宾语与宾语补足语（复合宾语复合宾语）之间有）之间有逻辑上的逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。主谓或主表关系。若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。1.They made Tom monitor.(名词名词)2.The sun keeps us warm.(形容词形容词)3.He had his radio on.(副词副词)4.I found hi
8、m at home.(介词短语介词短语)5.I heard him singing.(现在分词现在分词)6.You must get your hair cut.(过去分词过去分词)7.We saw him jump into the box.(动词原形动词原形)8.I want you to tell me the truth.(动词不定式动词不定式)v常用的带复合宾语的动词（使役常用的带复合宾语的动词（使役/感官）：感官）：think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,make,get,leave,ask,keep.B 6.He got ang
9、ry.7.He got up.8.You will get a surprise.9.He got his shoes wet.10.He got her a present.小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同。练习二:翻译 1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the do
10、or green.温馨提示：复杂的英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子的主干就可以正确把握句子的意思。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers lis
11、tening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。简简单单句句的的基基本本句句型型1.1.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2.2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 3.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾间接宾语语+直接宾语直接宾语5.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语Summary
