1、Lesson 2Brain PowerUnit 21 Human Biology选修七选修七Part IBefore you start1.How much do you know about your brain?The brain is the major organ of the _ system,responsible for thought,_,_ and emotion.It is protected by the _.nervousmemorylanguageskullIt controls body_,blood _,heart rate and breathing.It ac
2、cepts a flood of information about the world around you from your various senses(_,_,smelling,tasting,touching,etc).It handles physical motion when _,_,standing or sitting.It lets you _,_,reason and experience emotions.temperaturepressureseeinghearingwalkingtalkingthinkdream2.Match the Key Words wit
3、h the definitions.atom,billion,nerve cell,cell,organ1)one thousand million2)a part of the body that has a particular purpose,e.g.the heart,the liver3)the smallest piece of something that can exist alone4)a tiny part of the body that helps carry messages to and from the brain5)A unit of living matter
4、 billionorganatomnerve cellcell1.He watched the boat until it is out of_.2.How many are there in the universe?3.The medicine is made to kill cancer _.4.The eye is the of sight.sightatomscellsorgan3.Complete the sentences with the following words.atom billion cell nerve cell fear organ function sight
5、 hearing5.The population of China reaches up to 1.3 _.6.The of the heart is to pump blood through the body.7.A is a tiny part of the body that helps carry messages to and from the brain.8.He showed no in facing the big difficulty.functionnerve cellfearbillionatom billion cell nerve cell fear organ f
6、unction sight hearingPart IIListen to learnListening Strategies:Completing a text1.Before you listen,read the text and predict what kind of information you need.2.Underline some important words in the text before each gap.3.While you are listening,listen for the important words-the information you n
7、eed should follow them.4.You can complete the gaps using abbreviations-then write them in full.For example:1.consist of2.weighs 3.energy4.containa colorHow heavy?(number)How much?(number)How many/much?(number)Find out other important words before each gap:5.more than/there are6.are responsible for7.
8、controlling8.send signals 9.different emotions10.ownlanguage1-1.Listen and complete the gap1.Listen for the first time:get a general idea.2.Listen again:write down your answers Remember,you may need more than one word in each gap.and check with your partners.3.Listen for the last time:check your ans
9、wers again and make sure they are right.The brain consists of grey and(1)_ matter.It weighs(2)_.It uses(3)_ of the bodys energy.It contains over(4)_ which make up nerve cells.These nerve cells are connected by electrical impulses.There are more possiblewhitejust over a kilo20%100 billion cellsCheck
10、answersconnections in one brain than there are(5)_.Scientists have mapped different areas of the brain which are responsible for(6)_.The areas of the brain related to controlling(7)_ could be compared to miniature film studios.Our eyes and ears send signals(8)_,and it is our brain that interprets th
11、ese atoms in the universedifferent functionssight and hearingall the timesignals and builds up a picture of the outside world.Scientists have also identified areas responsible for different emotions,such as(9)_,love and laughter.There are also different areas for different types of thinking,such as
12、learning your own language and learning a(10)_ language.fearforeign1-2.Listen to the lesson again and answer these questions.1)How do you think the teacher feels about his subject?2)What example does he use to explain the way the brain controls different parts of the body?Enthusiastic.A computer.3)W
13、hat does he compare to a film studio?The areas of the brain related to controlling sight and hearing.2-1.Listen to a student phone-in programme about revising for exams and complete the table.CallerAdviceCaller1(Dan)s adviceCaller 2(Charlotte)s adviceCaller 3(Mike)s adviceplan the revision,make a li
14、st of the things youve got to study and do the most important things firstget some exercise,dont drink a lot of coffeegive yourself rewards and a break2-2.Listen again and fill the blanks with the detailed information.Caller 1:Well,I always find that my brain works better when Im _ so I think its im
15、portant to _ your revision leaving _ time to _ everything.I think you should make a _ of all the things youve got to study,then do the most important things first.I also use a Chinese herb its _ and people say it can help your_.organizedample plancoverlistnaturalmemoryCaller 2:If I were you,Id get s
16、ome exercise.Your brain needs _ so you ought to get some _ air by going for a walk or_.Exercise also helps you _ and your brain only works well when youre not_!And you shouldnt drink lots of coffee.It can keep you_.oxygenjogrelaxstressedawakefreshCaller 3:I dont think anything can help you,Chris!I b
17、elieve you need to give yourself_.Id advise you to _ yourself by going to the cinema.After all,youve got to give yourself a break so your brain can _ all the things youve been learning and put them into _ properly!I find that after a certain _ of time,about five hours or so,I cant _ any more and the
18、res no _ in that.rewardstreatabsorbstorageamountconcentratepoint1.Lets 2.Shall we?3.What/How about(doing)sth.?4.Why not do sth.(=Why dont you do sth.)?5.Youd better(not)do sth.6.I advise you(not)to do sth.7.I suggest(that)you(should)do sth.How to give and ask for advice?Make sentences with these wor
19、ds.must,ought to,should,shouldnt,advise,need to,If I were you,have got to,could,theres no point,its important to,what tips,I find that 2-3.Listen again and complete the Function File with these words.must,ought to,should,shouldnt,advise,need to,if I were you,have got to,could,theres no point,its imp
20、ortant to,what tips,I find thatFunction FileGiving and Asking for AdviceYou(1)_ eat a healthy diet and get enough sleep.must(2)_ have you got for me and our listeners?I think(3)_ plan your revision.I think you(4)_ make a list of all the things youve got to study.(5)_ you give us some advice?(6)_,Id
21、get some exercise.You(7)_ get some fresh air.What tipsits important toshouldCouldIf I were youought toYou(8)_ drink lots of coffee.You(9)_ give yourself rewards.Id(10)_ you to treat yourself.You(11)_ give yourself a break.(12)_ after a certain amount of time I cant concentrate any more and(13)_ in t
22、hat.shouldntneed toadvisehave got toI find thattheres no pointDiscussion How can we keep our brains in perfect condition so were on top form for exams?How can we avoid pre-exam nerves and panic?Part IIIVocabularyPhrasal VerbsMatch the words and expressions below with the verbs in the text.appear,dis
23、cover,look at in detail(2),make a note of,mention,pass,postpone,start,understand,learn fromLast month,I had an important English exam.I decided not to(1)put off studying(as I normally do!)and got up early every morning to(2)get down to work straight away.postponestartappear,discover,look at in detai
24、l(2),make a note of,mention,pass,postpone,start,understand,learn fromI am a“morning person”and I(3)got a lot outof my revision sessions.I always began by(4)going over a practice test I had done checking my answers and(5)finding out whatId got wrong.I also tried to(6)work out looking at in detaildisc
25、overingunderstandlearned fromwhy Id made mistakes.If I didnt understand something,Id(7)write it down and then(8)bring it up in class with my teacher.Shewas very helpful and she(9)went through allmake a note ofmentionlooked at in detailof the things that would probably(10)come upin the exam.In the en
26、d,the exam wasnt sobad after all and I think I(11)got through it.Mind you,I still havent had my results yet!passedappearPart IVSpeakingWork in pairs.Discuss these questions.1)What new information have you found out about brains?2)Which school subject do you get the most out of?3)Do you try to work o
27、ut your English mistakes yourself before you ask your teacher?4)Do you write down vocabulary lists or just try to remember everything?5)Do you put off studying for an exam or a test until the night before?6)Have you ever got through an exam or a test you thought youd failed?Form groups of four or si
28、x and compare your answers.Part VLanguage Notes1.The brain consists of grey and white matter.用法点拨用法点拨matter n.在句中意为在句中意为“物质（物质（=physical substance in general）”，是不可数名词，是不可数名词，如：如：Everything we can see and touch is made up of matter.我们能看见和摸到的每件东西都由物质我们能看见和摸到的每件东西都由物质组成。组成。The universe is composed of m
29、atter.宇宙是由物质组成的。宇宙是由物质组成的。matter 还可作可数名词，意为还可作可数名词，意为“事情；事情；问题；情况问题；情况”等，如：等，如：Its quite another matter.这完全是两码事。这完全是两码事。Its no laughing matter.这可不是开玩笑的事。这可不是开玩笑的事。Thats only a matter of time.那只是个时间问题。那只是个时间问题。the matter 意为意为“麻烦；毛病麻烦；毛病”，其后常，其后常跟介词跟介词 with，如：，如：Whats the matter with you?你你怎么啦？怎么啦？Wha
30、ts the matter with the machine?这台机器出什么毛病了？这台机器出什么毛病了？拓展拓展常见短语：常见短语：as a matter of fact 事实上事实上 to make matters worse 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 no matter what/who/when/where/how.无论什么无论什么/谁谁/何时何时/哪里哪里/如何如何改正下列语句中的错误：改正下列语句中的错误：1)I dont allow you to do so;this is matter of principle.2)There is nothing the matter for t
31、he machine.awith即时演练即时演练2.We are privileged to welcome you as our speaker this evening.用法点拨用法点拨privileged adj.荣幸的荣幸的拓展拓展privilege n.特权；殊荣特权；殊荣It was a great privilege to hear her sing.听她唱歌真是三生有幸。听她唱歌真是三生有幸。Education should not be considered to be a privilege in a modern society.在一个现代社会中，受教育不应该被看成在一个
32、现代社会中，受教育不应该被看成是一种特权。是一种特权。翻译句子：翻译句子：1)认识你是莫大的荣幸。认识你是莫大的荣幸。2)能和她经常性地合作我感到幸运。能和她经常性地合作我感到幸运。3)他给他的朋友使用他的个人实验室他给他的朋友使用他的个人实验室的特权。的特权。It is a great privilege to know you.He gave his friend the privilege of using his private lab.I am privileged to have work with her so often.即时演练即时演练3.Id advise you to t
33、reat yourself by going to the cinema.用法点拨用法点拨treat n.款待；请客；乐趣；乐事。如：款待；请客；乐趣；乐事。如：Lets go out for lunch after work my treat.下班后咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。下班后咱们到外面去吃午餐，我请客。A day in the country is a real treat for a city person.对一个生活在城市中的人来说，在乡下呆对一个生活在城市中的人来说，在乡下呆上一天真是一件乐事。上一天真是一件乐事。treat v.款待；款待；treat sb/oneself t
34、o sth 以某物款待某人。以某物款待某人。如：如：Im going to treat myself to a day on the beach.我打算花一天时间在海滩上玩。我打算花一天时间在海滩上玩。I will treat you to chocolate if you could help me work out the problem.如果你能帮我算出这道题，我请你吃如果你能帮我算出这道题，我请你吃巧克力。巧克力。treat v.对待；看待；对待；看待；treat.as/like.把把当作当作 /像像一一样对待。如：样对待。如：A great man shows his greatne
35、ss by the way he treats little men.从对待小人物的方式上，伟人表现出他的从对待小人物的方式上，伟人表现出他的伟大。伟大。All the neighbors admire this family,where the parents are treating their child like a friend.邻居们都羡慕这个家庭，父母亲把孩子当邻居们都羡慕这个家庭，父母亲把孩子当朋友一样对待。朋友一样对待。treat v.治疗。如：治疗。如：He has caught a bad cold and is now being treated in a local
36、hospital.他患了重感冒，正在当地一家医院接他患了重感冒，正在当地一家医院接受治疗。受治疗。More patients have been treated in hospital this year than last year.今年来这家医院治疗的病人比去年多。今年来这家医院治疗的病人比去年多。拓展拓展treatment是是treat的名词形式，意思是的名词形式，意思是“对待；治疗；处理对待；治疗；处理”等。如：等。如：The prisoners complained of ill treatment by their guards.囚犯们抱怨看守虐待他们。囚犯们抱怨看守虐待他们。So
37、me patients had to wait weeks to get the treatment they needed.有些病人得等几周时间才能接受他们有些病人得等几周时间才能接受他们所需要的治疗。所需要的治疗。4.and white matter to get us through our exams?get through 通过；通过；到达；做完；打通到达；做完；打通 He finally managed to get through the driving test.I wonder how such a large animal could get through such a
38、small hole.He is expected to get through to the finals.I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get through(to you).Over time,the famous singer Jay Zhou has developed and _ his own singing style.Agot up Bturned up Cput up Dbuilt upD5.Your brain will do whatever you want it to do as
39、long as you cater to its needs.cater 满足；迎合满足；迎合Those newspapers cater to the lowest tastes.cater 可意为可意为“提供饮食提供饮食;承办宴席承办宴席(+for)”He runs a restaurant and also caters for weddings and parties.Whos catering your daughters wedding?Varieties of programmes in the TV station _ many different types of inter
40、est and taste among the public.A.cater to B.appeal to C.apply to D.adjust toA6.ample adj.大量的大量的,丰富的丰富的,充裕的充裕的This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.Ample sunshine and rainfall are bringing the crops on nicely.ample 指充足而有余指充足而有余We have ample money for the journey.enough是最普通用词，口语、书面语可
41、用，较是最普通用词，口语、书面语可用，较侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。Do you have enough time to finish the paper?rich“很多的很多的”，最普通的用语，指人钱多财多。，最普通的用语，指人钱多财多。此外，与介词此外，与介词in或者或者with搭配，后接物品，表示搭配，后接物品，表示某物大量存在。某物大量存在。Australia is rich with minerals.abundant 指某一地大量出产某物，某一处大量存在指某一地大量出产某物，某一处大量存在某物，远远超过所需。某物，远远超过所需。Chi
42、na is abundant in natural resources.plentiful 与与abundant同义，但同义，但abundant限于对某限于对某一地，某一处的观察，而一地，某一处的观察，而plentiful则无此限。则无此限。In autumn,edible fruit is so plentiful that it rots on the vine.Homework1.Finish exercises 1-2 on page 82.2.Revise the knowledge about conditionals,then finish exercises 3-5 on page 83.3.Do exercise 6 on page 37 as oral work.
