1、Discovering useful structures Read the sentences from the text. 1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them. 3. She stepped back appearing surprised 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, togeth
2、er with 5. , she recognized Tony Garcias smiling face. attributive adverbial adverbial adverbial attributive 当动词当动词-ing作定语单独做定语时，放在所修饰作定语单独做定语时，放在所修饰 的名词前；如果是动词的名词前；如果是动词-ing短语做定语放在名短语做定语放在名 词后。词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the
3、 teacher is our monitors father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 动词动词-ing做定语做定语 现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法 功能，如：功能，如： in the following years = in the years that followed the man speaking to the teacher = the man who is speaking to the teacher 1. _ dogs seldom bite. A. Bark B. To b
4、ark C. Barked D. Barking 2. The wolf spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_. A. frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frightening D A Practice 3. Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby. A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. slept 4. The _ buildi
5、ngs showed us that an earthquake was coming. A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake C A 动词动词-ing在语法功能上相当于在语法功能上相当于动词动词、形容词形容词 和副词和副词。现在分词现在分词通常和通常和逻辑主语逻辑主语之间存在之间存在 主动关系主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：。但要注意它地各种形式变化： 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 动词动词-ing做状语做状语 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 Hearin
6、g the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. (听见和进入两个动作同时发生听见和进入两个动作同时发生) The building being built now is our new library. (being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作为现在分词的被动形式，表示动作 正在进行之中正在进行之中) Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。完成了工作，他就回家了。 动词动词-ing作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主 动关系，常常用来表示
7、动关系，常常用来表示原因原因、时间时间、方式方式、 结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。动词等。动词-ing一般不一般不 用作表目的的状语用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的的（通常用不定式表目的的 状语）。状语）。 Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Dail
8、y. (=While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.) 1)1)表时间状语表时间状语 2)2)表原因状语表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.) Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.) Thinking he might be at home, I called h
9、im. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 作伴随状语的动词作伴随状语的动词- -inging表示的动作，必须是表示的动作，必须是主主 语的一个动作语的一个动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或与谓语所表示的动作（或 状态）同时发生状态）同时发生，或是，或是对谓语表示的动词（或对谓语表示的动词（或 状态）作进一步地补充说明状态）作进一步地补充说明。 He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched
10、TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。 _, they went into the classroom. 他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。 He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.) Laughing and talking 4)4)表结果表结果 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with
11、her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最 受欢迎地歌曲。受欢迎地歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country, _. making it the most popular song 5)5)表条件表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 _, you will see
12、a white house. Walking ahead 6)6)与逻辑主语构成独立主格与逻辑主语构成独立主格 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。 Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 有时也可用有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格名词（代词宾格 ）+分词形式分词形式 W
13、ith the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。他点着灯睡着了。 (7) 作独立成分：作独立成分： Judging from / by his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。从外表看，他一定是个演员。 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fell asleep. (2013 年重庆年重庆 ) A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell
14、 真题解析真题解析 解析解析 ： B。坐在我床边是主动作。坐在我床边是主动作, 给我讲故给我讲故 事是伴随着发生的次要动作事是伴随着发生的次要动作, 此时通常用分此时通常用分 词做伴随情况状语。由于讲故事不是在坐词做伴随情况状语。由于讲故事不是在坐 在床边这个动作之前发生的在床边这个动作之前发生的, 所以排除所以排除 A； 如果用如果用 told, 则前面不该用逗号则前面不该用逗号, 而用连词而用连词 and, 并用并用 tell 的形式的形式, 与前面的与前面的 used to do 呼应呼应, 排除排除C；不定式放在一个动作之后；不定式放在一个动作之后, 且且 中间有逗号隔开中间有逗号隔开
15、, 通常做结果状语通常做结果状语, 并且是并且是 一种意料之外的结果一种意料之外的结果, 但此处讲故事显然不但此处讲故事显然不 是坐在床边的一种结果是坐在床边的一种结果, 排除排除 D。 The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard-edged shadows on th e ground. (2013 年新课标年新课标 I ) A. throwing B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown 解析：解析：A 。 _ hard-edged shadows on the ground 在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主
16、语在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主语 和和 句子的主语保持一致。显然，句子主语句子的主语保持一致。显然，句子主语 the sunlight 是是 throw 动作的执行者，动作的执行者， throw 相对于相对于 the sunlight 而言是主动动作，故答而言是主动动作，故答 案锁定案锁定 A 和和 C，因为选项，因为选项 B 和和 D 分别是现分别是现 在分词和不定式的被动式，故选在分词和不定式的被动式，故选 A。 The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with tele
17、scopes. (2012湖南高考湖南高考) A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started 答案：答案：C 解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。根据 last night 可知可知start 已经发生，故排除已经发生，故排除C、D (不定式常表将来不定式常表将来)，B(being done)一般表进一般表进 行，也排除。现在分词作定语。行，也排除。现在分词作定语。 Pressed from his parents, and _ that he has wasted too much time,
18、 the boy is determined to stop playing video games. (2012福建高考福建高考) A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized 答案：答案：A 解析：首先要弄清楚本句中的解析：首先要弄清楚本句中的and连接的成连接的成 分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与分是非谓语动词做状语，主语与press是被动是被动 关系，但是与关系，但是与realize是主动。所以本题关键是主动。所以本题关键 有两个，一个是有两个，一个是and并列的成分是什么，然并列的成分是什么，然 后就是后就是realiz
19、e与主语与主语the boy的关系。的关系。 He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched. (2012天津天津 高考高考) A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left 答案：答案：C 解析：此题考查非谓语，解析：此题考查非谓语，v-ing作结果状语。作结果状语。 On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from
20、his office. (2011江西江西) A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 答案：答案：C 解析：解析：saying修饰修饰 a phone call，并且与其是，并且与其是 主谓关系，相当于定语从句主谓关系，相当于定语从句which said she had a fall，故选答案，故选答案C。 Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and ready to start a new day? (2011湖南湖南) A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 答案：答案：C 解
21、析：分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短 语作为伴随状语，再根据主语语作为伴随状语，再根据主语you和和feel的的 主动关系可知此处用现在分词短语，故正主动关系可知此处用现在分词短语，故正 确答案为确答案为C。 _ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011辽宁辽宁) A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering 答案：答案：C 解析：本句意思是：游客们聚在篝火边，解析：本句意思是：游客们聚在篝火边， 跟当地人一
22、起跳起了舞。此处跟当地人一起跳起了舞。此处gathering为为 现在分词作伴随状语，表示动作是主动的现在分词作伴随状语，表示动作是主动的 (是是tourists发出的发出的)，且正在进行的，且正在进行的(与与 dance同时进行同时进行)，故答案为，故答案为C。 Look over there - theres a very long, winding path _ up to the house. (2011山东山东) A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead 答案：答案：A 解析：分析句子结构可知，解析：分析句子结构可知，a path与与lead 构成逻
23、辑上的主动关系，故用构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用leading。本。本 句意思是：看那边句意思是：看那边 那里有一条很长那里有一条很长 的蜿蜒曲折的通往那所房子的路。的蜿蜒曲折的通往那所房子的路。 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. (2010 上海上海) A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 答案：答案：A 解析：考察动词解析：考察动词-ing作状语，表示正在进行作状语，表示正在进行 或主动的动作。此时动
24、词或主动的动作。此时动词-ing的逻辑主语的逻辑主语 就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态 和语态的一致性。和语态的一致性。 He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. （2010 安徽）安徽） A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling 答案：答案：D 解析：主语（解析：主语（he）与动词）与动词travel之间存在之间存在 主动关系，故用主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。作原因状语。
25、Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. （2010 湖南）湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle 答案：答案：C 解析：该空是分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑解析：该空是分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑 主语主语Dina与与struggle为主动关系，故排除为主动关系，故排除B 项。由剧中的项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示可知非谓语动词表示
26、 的动作发生在句中谓语的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之之 前，故用动词前，故用动词-ing的完成主动式。的完成主动式。 The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. （2010 江西）江西） A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 答案：答案：C 解析：句子主语解析：句子主语lady和和keep 之间是主动关之间是主动关 系系, 而且而且walk和和keep 同时发生。同时发生。 It rained heavily in the south, _ serious
27、flooding in several provinces. （2010 天津）天津） A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 答案：答案：C 解析：空格后解析：空格后serious flooding是是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语的后果，而且句子主语it和和cause 之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词 的的ing形式作结果状语。形式作结果状语。 _ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
28、 (2010 北京北京) A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 答案：答案：A 解析：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本题考查非谓语动词。 look与句子与句子 主语主语I为主动关系，因此用为主动关系，因此用looking。 The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about students safety at school. （2010 重庆）重庆） A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead 答案答案C 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：这个消解析：考查非谓语
29、动词。句意为：这个消 息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校 安全的关注。安全的关注。The news和和lead之间是主谓之间是主谓 关系，并作关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用的伴随状语，所以用 leading。 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city mo
30、re beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. Not having working Seeing speaking Correct the sentences. 5. “Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 6. Knocking at the door before entering, please. 7. European football is played
31、 in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world. pointing Knock making 1. They set out _ for the _ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing 2. The student sat there, _ what to do. A. doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowing B
32、 D Choose the best answer. 3. He sat there _, with his head on his hand. A. and think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought 4. The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; ad
33、ded B C 5. The stranger said something in _ voice and the little girl was very much _. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened A 6. _ the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D.
34、Examining B 7. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking D 8. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken B 9. _ the programme, they have to stay there fo
35、r another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed C 10. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 11. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B
36、. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in A C 12. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted A 13. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
37、 A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered A 14. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 15. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doi
38、ng C. to have done D. having done D D 16. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing D 17. _ in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he
39、 had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 18. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung C B 19. _ suddenly, the girl with tearful eyes ran out of the office. A. Turned B. To turn C. Turning D.
40、Turn 20. The problem _ at the meeting now is how to help the local economy develop quickly. A. discussing B. discuss C. being discussed D. to be discussed C C 21. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Havi
41、ng 22. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop C D 23. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say 24.
42、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought C A 根据根据A句完成句完成B句句, 使两句意思不变。使两句意思不变。 1. A: Having done their homework, the children played football. B: _, the children played football. 2. A: If you
43、 work hard, you will do well in the exam. B: _, you will do well in the exam. 3. A: The boy fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. After they had done their homework Working hard B: The boy fell _ _. 4. A: She sat there and stared at the ceiling. B: She sat there, _. 5. A: Although
44、 he is not rich, he helped the poor generously. B: _, he helped the poor generously. so that he struck his head against the door and cut it staring at the ceiling Not being rich Homework 1. Finish the exercises in Discovering useful structures. 2. Finish the exercises in Using structures in Workbook.
