1、A healthy life 高二英语高二英语Book6 Unit 3 第三节第三节 GRAMMAR The use of “it” (1) 1. It rains heavily. 2. It is 20 kilometers from Granddads house to James. 3. It is November 11, 2005. 4. It is 9 oclock at night. 5. Itll be lovely in the garden tonight 6. It is bad to smoke. 7. It is likely that he will succee
2、d. 天气天气 距离距离 日期日期 时间时间 形式主语形式主语 环境环境 形式主语形式主语 What is the use “it” in each sentence? “It” is a very useful word in English and can be used in many ways. “It” can be used in the subject or object position to stand for an infinitive, -ing form or a clause. For example: 1. It is amazing that at my age
3、I am still fit. 2. It is easier to fall than to rise. 3. I think it best that you should do more exercise. 4. It is no good crying over spilt milk. 5. He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early. It is a warm sunny afternoon. It was nearly midnight that she came back. It is very no
4、isy outside. It is half an hours walk to the city centre. “It” can also be used to talk about time, distance, weather, etc. 1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的 事物，以避免重复。事物，以避免重复。 Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it? 2. 也可以指动物或婴儿也可以指动物或婴儿 Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 一、一、it 作人称代词作人称代词 1. it有时并不指
5、具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、 日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等， 称为非人称的称为非人称的it： 指天气：指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy. 指时间指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 指环境指环境: It was very quiet in the caf . 指距离：指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre from my hom
6、e. 二、二、it作非人称代词作非人称代词 指日期：指日期： - Whats the date today? - Its May 1, 2007. 指季节：指季节：It is summer now. 指度量：指度量：It is about 5 kilograms. 指价值：指价值：- Whats the cost of the T-shirt? - It is 150 yuan. 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名 词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定 式、动名词置于句尾。式、动名词置于句尾。 三、三、it用作形式主语用作形式主
7、语 (1) It be + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth. 此处的此处的adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：通常为描述事件的形容词：easy， difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary， possible，impossible，likely，unlikely， right，wrong，important，unimportant， legal，illegal，well-mannered，impolite， ill-mannered，polite，clear，obvious， certain，suitable，proper, useful，use
8、less, dangerous It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. 1. 代作动词不定式主语代作动词不定式主语 (2) It be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 此处的此处的adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：通常为描述人的形容词：kind， unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate， thoughtful，thoughtless，careful， careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever， wise，crazy. Its
9、 kind of you to help me with the problem. Its no good/use doing Its（well）worth doing Its（well）worth ones while doing/to do Its（well）worth while doing/ to do Its no use crying over spilt milk. (3) it替代动名词作主语的常见句型替代动名词作主语的常见句型 2. it作形式主语作形式主语, 替代主语从句替代主语从句 It is clear/obvious/true/possible/certain tha
10、t . 该句型中该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引引 导的主语从句，常译为“导的主语从句，常译为“是清楚的是清楚的/显然的显然的/ 真的真的/”, 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 例如：例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. It is + adj. +clause It is said /reported/ learned/believed /thought /known/told/hoped . that . 该句型中的该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，
11、真正主语是仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据 报道，据悉报道，据悉）”。）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is v-ed that It is + n. +从句从句 It is a pity /a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. that . 该句型中，该
12、句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气后的从句一般用虚拟语气 （should + 动词原形），动词原形），should可省去，表示可省去，表示 出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义 时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：时，则不用虚拟语气。例如： It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！他生病了，真遗憾！ 四、四、it作形式宾语作形式宾
13、语 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或从句 时，往往把宾语放在补足语后面，而用时，往往把宾语放在补足语后面，而用it 作形作形 式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。 该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。等。 I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。我认为和他争吵没有用。 I found it very interesting to study Englis
14、h. 我发现学英语非常有趣。我发现学英语非常有趣。 He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。 one表示泛指，表示泛指，that和和it 表示特指。表示特指。that与所与所 指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指与所指 名词为同一个。名词为同一个。 I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定不定) The hat you bought is bigge
15、r than that I bought. (同类但不同个同类但不同个) I cant find my hat. I dont know where I put it. (同一物同一物) 代词代词it, one that的区别的区别 Rewrite the sentences using an “it” structure. 1. Giving up smoking is difficult. 2. Some young people think they look attractive when they smoke. It is difficult to give up smoking.
16、It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke. Exercise 3. Most people believe smoking causes cancer. 4. Dont try to quit on a stressful day. 5. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is believed that smoking causes cancer. It is no use trying to quit on a
17、 stressful day. It is astonishing that China produces one- third of the worlds cigarettes. 6. You are not allowed to advertise cigarettes in this country. 7. My father ahs quit smoking at last. 8. The night was dark and stormy when the old man started his journey. It is illegal to advertise cigarett
18、es in this country. It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last. It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey. 9. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 10. You have to take pills to control your blood pressure. It is likely that you could suffer fro
19、m bad health if you keep smoking. It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure. Choose the best answers. 1. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. In which play is _ your brother will appear? A. that where B. this when C. it that D
20、. it where 3. _ the harder you work, the better result youll get. A. Its believed that B. What we believed that C. Its fact D. What the fact is 4. Nothing can stop us , _? A. cant it B. can it C. cant we D. can we A C A B 5. -Can you tell us how the war was won in the end ? - I dont know. _. A. Its
21、hard to say B. It doesnt matter C. Its no use saying D. It depends on the work 6. Does _ matter a lot whether she will come here by bus or by taxi? A. the thing B. that C. it D. her mother 7. -Listen! Someone is unlocking the goods. - _ must be your father coming back from Beijing. A. It B. There C.
22、 That D. This A C A 8. -Have you written a letter to her? - No, but Im going to write _ tonight. A. it B. that C. those D. one 9. - Are they coming to the meeting ? - _. A.I know so B. I am sure so C. I am sure of it D. I question it 10. Our food and service are better than _ used to be. A. it B. we
23、 C. they D. them D A C 11. The teacher told the students _. A. why to learn English important B. why was it important to learn English C. why it important to learn English D. why it was important to learn English 12. The TV sets made in China are much better than _ in Japan. A. that B. those C. them
24、 D. it 13. -Im looking for a flat. -Would you like _ with _ garden? A. it; the B. it; a C. one; a D. one; the 14. _ four years since I joined the Army. A. It was B. It is C. There is D. There was D B C B 1. How wonderful! My father has decided to give up smoking. _ _ _ _ my father has decided to giv
25、e up smoking. 2. The night was dark and windy when Mr. Brown left his house. _ _ _ _ _ _ night when Mr. Brown left his house. Rewrite the sentences using it as subject or object. It is wonderful that It was a dark and windy 3. He thought caring for her and helping her were his duty. He thought _ _ _
26、 _ to care for her and help her. 4. As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early can help people keep fit. _ _ _ _ going to bed early and getting up early can help people keep fit. 5. He is said to have just gotten a doctors degree in medicine. _ _ _ that he has just gotten a doctors degr
27、ee in medicine. it was his duty It is known that It is said 6. Dont try to change his mind; he just wont listen to you. _ _ _ _ trying to change his mind. 7. The artist spent two hours completing the painting. _ _ the artist two hours to complete the painting. 8. He gave up reading the article because it was too difficult for him. He found _ _ _ _ to read the article and he gave up. It is no use It took it was too difficult 1. Remember the grammar focus and finish exercises 1-3 on pages 57-58. 2. Preview the reading passage on page 22.
