1、编辑课件英语语法 主谓一致 编辑课件v练习：v1.The Alps(covers,cover)an area of 200,000 square kilometers and(is,are)the greatest mountain range in Europe.v2.Draughts(is,are)an easier game than chess.v3.What(is,are)his politics?编辑课件v4.The remains of Shakespeare(is,are)buried on Stratford-on-Avon.v5.Mr Smiths morals(is,ar
2、e)above criticism.编辑课件v6.Usually a bird species facing the danger of extinction(gains,gain)public recognition.v7 The species of fish in the aquarium(is,are)numerous.编辑课件 主谓一致 Subject-verb Concordv“一致”（concord或agreement）指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系，这又叫做“主-动一致”（Subject-verb
3、Concord）。编辑课件 指导原则v1.语法一致原则（Grammatical Concord)v主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。vBoth boys have their own merits.vMuch effort is wasted.编辑课件v2.意义一致原则（Notional Concord）v1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词为复数。vThe crowd were running for their lives.编辑课件 指导原则v单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people,police,cattle,militia等。v2)主语形
4、式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。vThe news was very exciting.v形复意单的单词有news,works（工厂）和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，physics,economics等。编辑课件3.就近原则（Principle of Proximity）v谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,not only,but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。vEither your students or Mr.Wang knows this.编辑课件I.以S结尾的名
5、词作主语的主谓一致v1.以以S结尾的表示疾病的名词作主语时谓结尾的表示疾病的名词作主语时谓语用单数语用单数v arthritis:关节炎 bronchitis:支气管炎 v mumps:腮腺炎 diabetes:糖尿病 v phlebitis:静脉炎v但是measles(麻疹)，rickets(软骨病)谓语可用单/复数编辑课件v2.以以S结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常结尾的表示游戏名称的名词谓语常用单数用单数vdarts:投镖游戏dominoes:多米诺骨牌vmarbles:打弹子游戏 billiards:台球编辑课件I.以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致v但cards(打纸牌)用复数；v当它们表
6、示所用工具时谓语用复数vTwo darts are thrown at every turn.编辑课件v3.以以ics结尾的学科名称通常用单数结尾的学科名称通常用单数vmathematics:数学 vphysics:物理学voptics:光学 vstatistics:统计学vpolitics:政治学 vacoustics:声学/音响效果编辑课件veconomics:经济学 vathletics:体育学vmechanics:机械学 vsemantics:语义学vlinguistics:语言学 vtactics:兵法/策略编辑课件v当这类名词表示学科以外的其它意义时用作复数vStatistics(
7、be)not as difficult as some people think.vThe latest statistics on crime(be)beyond description.v注:下列以ics结尾的名词仅用作单数vclassics:杰作,著作 comics:连环图画vethics:伦理学 cosmetics:化妆品编辑课件 vEthics (deal)with moral conduct.v伦理学是研究道德行为的。伦理学是研究道德行为的。vThe ethics of his decision (be)doubtful.v他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑。他那决定中的道德准绳值得怀疑
8、。编辑课件v4.以S 结尾的地理名称如山脉，海峡，瀑布，群岛等谓语动词通常用作复数vthe West Indies西印度群岛 vthe Bahamas巴哈马群岛编辑课件vthe Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉 vthe Straits of Gibraltar直布罗陀海峡 vthe Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布vthe Rockies 落基山脉 编辑课件v但如果是国名，则用作单数，如:vthe United States,vthe United Nations,vthe Netherlands（荷兰）。编辑课件v5.由二部分组成的物体通常以S结尾，如果不带“一把”等单位词而单独使用
9、，通常用作复数。编辑课件vscissors剪子 shears 大剪刀 vpincers、tongs 钳子 vpliers 老虎钳 pants 裤子vpajamas 睡衣，宽长裤 vsuspenders吊裤带 v knickers短裤，灯笼裤编辑课件vjeans 工装裤 vshorts 短裤 vbriefs 三角裤 vshoes glasses/spectacles 眼镜 vbinoculars 望远镜 vchopsticks编辑课件v如带有单位词，则由单位词的单/复数来决定谓语动词的单/复数vA pair of shoes was on the desk.vTwo pairs of shoes
10、 are under the desks.编辑课件v6.下列以s结尾的名词通常用作复数v archives:档案 arms:武器v eaves:屋檐 contents:内容v goods:货物 suburbs:郊区v thanks:谢意 wages:工资v stairs:楼梯 remains:遗体v morals:道德 minutes:记录编辑课件v 注:whereabouts(行踪，下落)，dramatics(舞台艺术)可用单/复数v7.凡是由-ings结尾的名词常用作复数v clippings:剪下来的东西 vfilings:锉屑v earnings:收入 vdiggings:掘出的东西v
11、 编辑课件vlodgings:租的房间 vsurroundings:环境vsweepings:扫拢的垃圾v 注:tidings(消息,音信)可用作单或复数编辑课件v.以结尾的单，复数同形的名词，谓语动词形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数；意义不同，单复数也不同编辑课件vbarracks:营房 headquarters:总部v means:方法,手段,工具 series:系列v species:种类 works:工厂 v crossroads:十字路口v 编辑课件vThis glass works was set up in 2008.v These glass works are nea
12、r the railway station.编辑课件v9.少数名词用作单数和用作复数意义不同v Whats the odds?有什么要紧？=what does it matter?（差别）v The odds are against us.我们成功的机会很小。（可能的机会）v 编辑课件vThe martyrs remains were buried at the foot of the hill.遗体v Here is the remains of the temple.遗迹编辑课件II.集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主谓一致v1.通常用作复数的集体名词:people,po
13、lice,folk,youth,cattle,poultry,militia,verminvHis cattle were still lean.vMany cattle are kept.饲养了很多牲畜。vSeveral hundred police were on duty.几百个警察在执勤。vThe police are searching for him.编辑课件v2.通常用作单数的集体名词:vadvice,baggage,equipment,information,knowledge,machinery,s c e n e r y,n e w s,f o l i a g e,merc
14、handise,furniture编辑课件II.集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主谓一致vThe merchandise on display in the shop window is very good.vAll the machinery is new.编辑课件v3.既可用作复数也可用作单数的集体名词：family,army,group,committee,company,government,enemy,class,team,party,club,majority,crowd,audience,jury,union,fleet（舰队）,faculty（能力；大学教职人
15、员），crew，public编辑课件vHis family are all music lovers.vHis family isnt large.vHis family_ going to have a long journey.vThe whole family _ watching TV.编辑课件v1.The jury _in opinion about“sentence of death.”vA.disagrees B.disagree vC.agrees D.has disagreedv2.Today the public _about the way nature is being
16、 ruined.vA.are concerned B.is concernedvC.have been concerned vD.is being concerned编辑课件v3.The committee cant come to a decision because _at odds.vA.it has B.they have vC.it is D.they are编辑课件v4.The majority _on Bens side,but Peter disagrees with them on two points.vA.were B.was C.is D.are编辑课件Keys:b d
17、 d d编辑课件 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.1 One of my best friends_(have)moved to America.2 The student,with the host family,_(be)invited to a welcome party when he arrived at the city.3 In summer,my familyalways_(eat)lunch in the park.haswaseat编辑课件4 At the moment,the whole
18、class _(enjoy)sightseeing trips in the city.5 The government_(be)trying to protect the environment.6 My study group_(want)to have pen friends.7 My fathers company_(be)paying for summer courses for our class.is/are enjoyingiswantis编辑课件8 Our team_(have)organized a match against a visiting school.9 Six
19、 weeks_(be)a long time to be away from home.10 The police_(be)hoping therell be no trouble at the concert.11 Whats really exciting _(be)that its film for kids by kids.12 Choosing the right dictionary _(depend)on what you want to use it for.hasisareisdepends编辑课件主谓一致v1.以以S结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致v2.
20、集体名词（集体名词（Collective Noun）作主语的主）作主语的主谓一致谓一致v3.并列结构并列结构(Coordinate Subject)做主语的主做主语的主谓一致谓一致v4.以及以及“限定词限定词+名词名词”作主语的主谓一致作主语的主谓一致v5.数词、量词作主语的主谓一致数词、量词作主语的主谓一致 编辑课件 Exercisesv1.Ethics _ (deal)with moral conduct.v2.The ethics of his decision_ (be)doubtful.v 3.Arabian Nights _(be)va book popular with the
21、young children.编辑课件v4.All means that _ possible _ been used to save himv A.is;have B.were;have v C.was;has D.are;has编辑课件 编辑课件III.并列结构(Coordinate Subject)做主语的主谓一致v1.用and或bothand 连接并列主语，谓语通常用复数vTo mean to do something and to actually do something are two separate things.编辑课件v但是当并列主语指的是同一个人，事物或概念时，谓语用单
22、数，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。vTruth and honesty is the best policy.vThe girls teacher and friend is a young doctor.编辑课件vTo love and to be loved is the great happiness.vTo try and fail is better than not to try at all.vA knife and fork is on the table.vBread and butter is our daily food.编辑课件v类似结构有：whisky and sod
23、a,strawberry and cream,salt and water,ham and egg,cart and horse，fish and chips等。编辑课件v2.当and 连接的单数主语前面有 each,every,many a,no 等修饰时，（即 many aand many a;everyand every;eachand each;noand no）谓语动词用单数编辑课件vMany a boy and many a girl has seen the brighter-than-expected white flash of light.vNo teacher and n
24、o student was present at the opening ceremony.编辑课件v3.由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut(also),not but 等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与邻近的主语取得一致编辑课件vEither you or he is to go.vNot only Joan but her sisters know the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.编辑课件v练习：v1._ _ _ _ e i t h
25、e r h e o r h i s accountants going to claim for the loss?v A.AreB.Were vC.Is D.Doesv2.Every policeman and fireman _on the alert.v A.have been B.was v C.are D.were编辑课件v3.Joes father,along with his two uncles,_in New York one more day.v A.demand that he stayv B.demands that he staysv C.demands that h
26、e stay v D.demand that he staysvKeys:c b c编辑课件v4.如主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with,together with,as well as,as much as,no less than,more than,rather than,like,but,except,besides,in addition to等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数编辑课件vThat man,as well as his wife,is accused of molesting minors since 1950s.vA professor,together with his s
27、tudents,was sent to work in Nigeria.vThe room with its furniture was rented.编辑课件IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致v1.由不定代词every,each,each one,each of,another,either,neither,no one,the other,everybody,everything,many a,more than one 等作主语或修饰主语时，谓语用单数。编辑课件vMany a ship has been damaged in the storm.vMore than one
28、man believes that the promise of the American Dream is still out of reach for many blacks in the city.编辑课件v2.由“a great many,a good many,a group of,a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语用复数。编辑课件IV.代词以及“限定词+名词”作主语的主谓一致vA great many graduates think they are all entitled to make a mistake once in a while.编辑课件v3.all o
29、f,some of,a lot of,half of,most of,the majority of,two thirds of,ninety percent of,the rest of,plenty of,part of,heaps of（堆）等+名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单/复数取决于后面的名词或代词的数，因为这些词是中心词编辑课件vHalf of the apples go bad.vThe rest of the land is uncultivated.编辑课件v练习：v1.Although the first part of the book is easy,the rest
30、 _.vA.are difficult B.has proved difficultvC.is supposed difficult vD.have been found difficult编辑课件v2.Mrs.Angel feels very happy when the rest _appearance.vA.makes vB.make their vC.has made their vD.have made his编辑课件v3.M o r e t h a n o n e e x a m p l e _necessary to make the students understand th
31、is rule clearly.vA.should be B.is vC.are D.have beenvKeys:b b b c编辑课件v4.A n o t h e r f i v e w e e k s _necessary for us to finish the work.vA.are B.were v C.is D.will have been编辑课件V.数词、量词作主语的主谓一致v1.表加，减，乘，除等算式时，谓语常用单数。vTen minus two is eight.vForty divided by eight is five.编辑课件v2.当a portion of,a s
32、eries of,a pile of,a kind of,a great deal of,a great amount of 等+名词，谓语动词用单数形式编辑课件vA large portion of Emilys poems was found and published after her death.vA series of lectures on educational psychology is said to be given by E.Stone.编辑课件v3.当a flock of,a drove of,a school of,a swarm of,a herd of,a pa
33、ck of 等集体名词被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数。如指个体，用复数vUsually,a herd of African elephants has up to one thousand members.编辑课件v4.the number of+复数，谓语用单数；a number of+复数，谓语用复数vA number of Britons were sent to Tehran yesterday.vThe number of Britons was fifty-four.编辑课件v练习：v1.The number of students in the oral English progr
34、am training _to 20.vA.limits B.is limited vC.limited D.are limited编辑课件v2.A series of debates between the lecturers _ for the next weekend.vA.are scheduled B.was scheduledvC.were scheduled vD.have been scheduledvKeys:b b编辑课件VI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致v1.不定式分句和ing 分词分句作主语，谓语用单数vWriting stories and articles is wh
35、at I enjoy most.v2.名词性从句作主语，谓语动词常用单数vWhat caused the accident is a complete mystery.编辑课件VI.分句，从句作主语的主谓一致vThat blacks in Americas second-largest city fare the worst among all major races in education,health,economics,housing and criminal justice is said by a study released on Wednesday.v.编辑课件v3.定语从句中
36、从句与先行词的数保持一致vI am one of those people who by the general opinion of the world are counted both infamous and unhappy.vGeorge is the one of the brightest confidants who has graduated from Mongolia University.编辑课件v4.强调句“It is I who.”中，分句动词形式与I要保持一致。非正式英语中，可用me代替I,随后的分句动词常用第三人称单数vIt is I who am to blame
37、.vIt is me that was injured in the accident.编辑课件v5.存在句中，be 的单复数适用就近原则vThere has to be a lot of give-and-take in any successful marriage.vThere are four chairs,a table,and a small bed in the room.编辑课件v练习：v1.John is the one of the staff members who _to be transferred.vA.is going B.are goingvC.have bee
38、n going D.has been goingv2.He is one of those persons who_ never satisfied.vA.are B.is C.has been D.to be编辑课件v3.What they have done _useful to the people.vA.are considered B.is consideredvC.have been considered vD.will be consideredvKeys:a a b编辑课件6 6某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数 v第一组：谓语用复数谓语用复数 a gre
39、at many+可数名词复数可数名词复数 a number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数 the majority of+可数名词可数名词编辑课件 v第二组；谓语用单数谓语用单数 the number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数 each/every+可数名词复数可数名词复数 neither/either of+可数名词复数可数名词复数 one and a half+可数名词复数可数名词复数编辑课件 v第三组；more than one+可数名词单数可数名词单数 谓谓语用单数语用单数 many a+可数名词单数可数名词单数 谓语用谓语用单数单数 编辑课件 v第四组；the greater
40、 part of a large proportion of 50%of one third of plenty of the rest of 谓语的数与谓语的数与of 后面的名词一致后面的名词一致 编辑课件v第五组；(n)either(n)or.n)either(n)or.not only.but also not only.but also not.but not.but 谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即谓语的数与主语的第二部分（即(n)or/but also/but(n)or/but also/but引导的后引导的后面部分）一致面部分）一致.编辑课件Exercise Five1.How cl
41、ose parents are to their children_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A.have B.has C.having D.to have 编辑课件 2.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university_.A.has been accepted B.have been accepted C.was accepted D.were accepted 编辑课件 3.The growth of part-t
42、ime and flexible working patterns,and of training and retraining schemes,_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A.have allowed B.allow C.allowing D.allows编辑课件4.No news _ good news.I think hell be back soon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were5.Maths _ my favourite subject.A.are B.is C.amD.be编辑课件
43、6.Half of the class _ most of the work.Some of the work_ really difficult.A.have done,is B.has done,are C.has done,is D.have done,are7.In our class _ of the students _girls.A.three fifth,are B.three fifths,are C.third fifth,is D.three fifths,is编辑课件8.Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now.A.is no
44、t B.am getting C.are getting D.is getting9.Are there any fish in the lake now?No._ any water in it in winter.A.There isnt B.There arent C.It isnt D.They arent编辑课件 v 10.Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.A were B have been C has been D was11.He is the only
45、 one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been编辑课件 Agreement (主谓一致主谓一致)一、一、选择填空选择填空1.CCA编辑课件 ABDDB编辑课件BCAC编辑课件BABCB编辑课件 isisknowshasis washavewas编辑课件 hasisisisisarewerehave编辑课件 areisisareishasis编辑课件三对比选择填空：三对比选择填空：编辑课件三对比选择填空：三对比选择填空：编辑课件三对比选择填空：三对比选择填空：编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件 编辑课件 编辑课件编辑课件 编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件
