1、2024年中考英语语法复习:代词 专题讲义一、 代词的分类(九类):人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。说明大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。二、代词的用法(一)人称代词I you he heritwe you they meyou him her it us youthem1、代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格: He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。2、人称代词作表语时,用宾格时较多,特别是在口语中。 Wh
2、o is knocking at the door? Its me./ Me. 谁敲门?是我。 If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见。3、在强调句中常用主格: It was he who did it. It is she who wants it.4、在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。He is more intelligent than her.He is taller than I am. 5、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点: we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人:We (you) have to b
3、e cautious under such circumstances.在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.即使危急时刻也要保持冷静。They也可用来泛指某一些人:They dont allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。(They代表谁不清楚)she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等:I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。The “Easter” is due in tom
4、orrow, isnt she? 东方号轮船明天进港,是吗? 在并列主语中,“I”总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 第三人称,男女两性并用,男先女后。 He and she still dont agree to the plan.(二)物主代词my yourhis her its ouryour their mine yours hishers its ours yours theirs 1
5、、形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前,用作定语,限定该名词的意义。 Her parents are in England. 他的父母在英国。 2、名词性物主代词作主语: May I use your pen? Yours works better. 3、名词性物主代词作宾语: I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 4、名词性物主代词作表语:This umbrella is yours and that one is hers. 5、名词性物主代词与of连用:He is a close friend of ours. This stand o
6、f ours is beyond reproach. 我们的这个立场是无可非议的。 6、某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。例如: take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.(三)反身代词1、见下表:数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfHimself/herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 另外,one的反身代词为oneself2、反身代词的用法: 1)作宾语: He can buy him
7、self a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。 He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 2)作表语: That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。 3)作主语或宾语的同位语(作主语同位语时,放在主语后或句末): The thing itself is not impo
8、rtant. 事情本身并不重要。 You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。 4)反身代词还可以与某些介词连用,组成固定搭配: by oneself:自己,一个人干 They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。 for oneself:替自己,为自己 She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。 He has a right to decide
9、 for himself. 他有权自己决定。 among themselves:之间 They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。 5)反身代词和某些动词连用,构成固定短语。 例如,enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself(四)相互代词(each other, one another)1、相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语;其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。They were pleased with one another.
10、 他们彼此都很喜欢。We are all eager to learn from each other. 他们都急切的向彼此学习。The students borrowed each others notes. They have great concern for one anothers work.2、each other指两者之间,one another指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显。He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were in
11、dependent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。(五)指示代词指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性,在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1、指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物;that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物,有启下的作用;that则指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:
12、the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍,that询问对方; A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂
13、,我是鲍勃。 B: Whos that please? 请问是哪位?(美语用Whos it?或Whos this?)2)such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语和定语。例如,a. Such was the story.b. We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语,same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同样的情况。(主语)Whether he can do it or not,i
14、t is all the same to me.(表语)(六)疑问代词 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 1、who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother. /He is Henry. 询问职业或地位。What is he? He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点,可单数也可复数。例如,a. What is /are on the table?b. Who is/are in the library? 2、which与who、what:which表示在一定范围内,而who、wha
15、t则无此限制。例如,Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘? 3、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句(被称为连接代词):例如:I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose the blue shirt on the bed is?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?【难点】(七)连接代词和关系代词: 1、连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们
16、与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。例如,a. Do you know who has won the game? b. I dont know whom you should depend on? c. This book will show you what the best CEO should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的CEO的应该了解什么。 2、关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、whi
17、ch、that等。 例如,No one is happy with the fact that he found out.【重点】(八)不定代词:不定代词主要有:all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、 some、any、no,以及由some、any、no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等(every、no只能作定语)。1、some与any1)一般用法:some、any可与单、复数
18、可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。例如,a. He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)b. Some like sports, others like music.(主语) c. Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)d. I dont know any of the students.(宾语)2) 特殊用法:any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。例如,a. Any child can do that.(定语)b. You may take any of them.(宾语)some用于
19、单数可数名词前表示“某一”。例如,Smith went to some place in England.(定语)在期待对方回答yes 时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。例如,a. Would you like some bananas?(邀请)b. Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)2、one,both,all1)one作定语、表语、主语或宾语,可以指人或物,表示“一个”的意思,其复数为ones,指人时,其所有格是ones,反身代词是oneself。此外,one、ones可以代替上文提到过的词,以免重复,one、ones前面分别可以用this、t
20、hat、these、those或the、which等词修饰。例如,a. One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)b. This is not the one I want.(表语)c. These books are more interesting than those ones.2)both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语,可以指人或指物,表示“两者都”的意思。例如,a. This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)b. Both of the boys are he
21、re.(主语)c. We both are students.(同位语)注意: both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定时,用neither。例如:a. Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。b. Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后,而应放在它们的前面。例如:a. Both my parents like this film.b. Both the /these boys are tall.3)all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语,指“全部的”、“整
22、个的”,可与可数或不可数名词连用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复数名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三个或三个以上的人或物。例如,a. He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。b. All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。c. I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。d. Thats all for today.今天就在这儿。3、many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替复数可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。m
23、uch有时用作状语。4、few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而a few 和a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另外,few、a few 修饰可数名词;little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。5、no和noneno=not any,表示“没有”,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。6
24、、each和everyeach(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物,侧重个体,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every(每个),指三个或三个以上的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能作定语。例如,a. Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调班上“所有的人”)b. Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体)c. Each of them has been there.(主语)d. We each got a ticket.(同位语)7、either和neithereither
25、是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可修饰或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。 例如: Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)注意: either也作副词,其意为“也”,用于否定句的句末。例如,He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.(状语)either与or构成连词,意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。例如,He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副词,意为“也不”,即“note
26、ither”。例如,He cant do it, neither can I. neither可与nor构成连词,意为“既不也不”。例如,Neither he nor you are a student.8、other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”;“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余(他)的”;the others表示“其他的人或物”;“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。例如:a. He got two books; one is textb
27、ook, the other is a novel.b. Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.c. Some are singing, others are dancing.注意:another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”,不能指两者中的另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。例如,a. This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)b. Please give me another book.(定语)注意:another修饰
28、复数名词时,意为“再,又”。例如:Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers,意为“一些一些一些”。【考点诠释】一、考查人称代词的用法人称代词分主格和宾格两种,在句中作主语用主格;作宾语或表语用宾格。 【考例】一Who is the boy over there? 一_is my brother北京市AHe B His C Him DHimself答案A。解析主格作主语(放在谓语动词前),宾格作宾语,放在介词
29、、动词后面。依据句意:“他是我兄弟”看出,为主语,主语用主格,故选A。【考例】Look! Whats the postman giving Mrs. Chen?一Hes giving _a letter沈阳市A it B him Cme Dher答案D。解析指代上句中的Mrs. Chen应用her,作give的宾语。二、考查物主代词的用法1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能做定语,不能单独担任句子的某一成分;而名词性物主代词可单独做主语、宾语或表语,它相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。 【考例】 -My pen is lost.-Dont worry about it. Yo
30、u can use_.吉林省A. my B. mine C. me D. myself答案B。解析 从句意看:“别担心,你可以用我的”。由此可知C、D可排除,my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,而本题后面没有名词,故又排除了A,所以选B。【考例】-Is this your e-dictionary?-No. _ is in the schoolbag. 安徽省A. His B. Yours C. Hers D. Mine答案D。解析名词性物主代词,都可以作主语。两者之间的对话,问句中有“你的”一词,那么答语中必然要用“我的”。【考例】-You look so happy. What happen
31、ed?- I have got an A in _P.E. test. 陕西省A. your B. her C. his D. my答案D。 解析考查代词。根据句意,I获得了A级,当然是在my的体育测试中了。三、考查反身代词的用法 表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,她、它、他(们)自己”的代词叫反身代词。单数myselfyourselfHimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesThemselves反身代词主要用来表示动作回到执行者本身或加强所修饰名词、代词的语气。有人称和数的变化。在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。 【考例】What a lovely ca
32、rd! Where did you buy it? I made it by_.(年福建福州)A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself【解析】 答案为C。本题考查反身代词的用法,by oneself表示“单独;独自”。【考例】What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?一I made it by_.成都Ame B. himselfCmyself Ditself答案:C解析:句意为“我自己做的这张卡片”。I的反身代词为myself。四、考查指示代词的用法在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语;并且this和these指较近的人或物;
33、that和those指较远的人或物。五、考查不定代词的用法1)one,ones,that,those的区别及用法ww.zk53u.ecom 指代前面所提到的名词,以避免重复。one表示“泛指”,指代单数可数名词;ones表示“泛指”,指代复数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或有后置定语的可数名词单数;those指代有后置定语的可数名词复数。 【考例】There is enough food for the birds,isnt_?一NoWe need to get some武汉Ait Bthere Cthat Dthis答案:B解析:本题考查附加疑问句后的代词的选择。因为前句是there be
34、结构,所以后边用there,故选B。2)考查other,the other,anotherothers, the others,the rest的用法及区别another泛指三者以上的“另一个”,the other表示“两者当中的另一个”,other表示“其他的”,others指“别的一些人或物”,the others表示“其余所有的人或物”。指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the
35、 others相当于“theother+复数名词”。another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few修饰时,则可接复数名词。the rest表示“剩余部分;其余”,指代可数名词或不可数名词。【考例】-Harbin is really a beautiful city and therere many places of interest.-So it is Why not stay here for _two days? 哈尔滨市A. other B. others C. another D. the other答案C。解析考查代词的用法。 Other表法别的,其他
36、的“(单数);others(复数),another表“另一个,另外一个”, 从句意“为何不在这里再待两天?”可知C正确。another表示“另一个”。【考例】We had a Dicaic 1ast term and it was a lot of funso lets have _one this month苏州Athe other BsomeCanother Dother答案:C解析:上句说“上学期我们举行了一次野餐并玩得很开心”,下句想表达“这个月让我们再举行一次吧”。表示“再一,又一”用another,故选C。【考例】What a hot day! Have you had a dri
37、nk?YesBut Id like to have _after work 江西Ait Bone Cother Danother答案:D解析:由Yes确定“我”已经喝了,“但工作完后我想再喝一杯”,只有another有“再一; 又一”之意,故选D。【考例】In my class some students love music,are fond of drawing and _enjoy reading 南通Asome;the otherBothers;the otherCothers;the othersDsome;others答案:D解析:本题考查somesomeothers”句型。意为“
38、一些,一些,另一些”,句意为“我班里一些学生喜欢音乐,一些喜欢画画,还有的喜欢阅读”,故选D。3)考查all, both,either,neither,none的用法及区别both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。表示“两者都”用both,“两者都不”用neither“两者中任意一个”强调个体,用either。all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单
39、复数皆可。both,all,none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词前面,be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。【考例】Which of the twin sisters is a doctor? 一_are福州市A All B Both C Either DNeither答案B。解析本题考查代词的用法。either和neither用作代词时,往往表示单数,both和an用作代词时,表示复数。答语中的系动词用are,所以C、D两项可以排除。both指两者,a11指三者或三者以上,the twan sisters是两个人,所以本题应选用both。【考例】-W
40、hich do you prefer, bananas or oranges?-_. I enjoy eating apples. 广东省A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All答案C。解析本题考查代词both,all,either,neither的区别。问句“香蕉和橙子你更喜欢哪个?”答句中最后一句为“我喜欢吃苹果。”由此推知,香蕉和橙子他都不喜欢,故用代词neither表示“两者都不”。both为“两者都”,either意为“两者中的任一个”,aIl指“三者或j者以上”。【考例】Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in t
41、he countryside because _of her parents work in the city. 成都市A. both B. either C. neither D. none答案A 。解析根据句意可知both两者都;either两者中一个;neither两者都不。4)no one、none no one只用于指人,而表示“若有一定的范围,且指明了没有何人或何物时”,应用none,它既可指人也可指物用“none of,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。【考例】Got any information about High School Ex
42、amination?一Well,I was trying to,but found_.武汉Aone Bno oneCnone Dsome答案:C解析:句中but表明前后意思不同,即“我在努力找,但没找到”,故排除A、D,而no one指人,none可指人也可指物,故选C。5)someanynoevery +thingonebodysome类的词用于肯定句,any类的词用于否定和疑问句。【考例】Look! There are _pictures on the wall. 北京市A any B some C much Dboth答案B。解析 根据句意可知,“墙上有一些图画”,pictures是可数
43、名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,any用于疑问句和否定句,而both表“两者都”。故选B。【考例】Walt,we have few vegetables for dinnerCould you go and buy_?一Yes,sure. But I dont have _money黄冈市A any;any B some;any C any;some Dsome; some答案B。解析考查some的用法。some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和疑问句中,但在一般疑问句中,当希望对方作肯定回答时,用some代替any。故不能选A。【考例】Money is important in my lif
44、e. But it isnt _to me. 陕西省A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything答案A 。解析若后句用and,则B、c、D三项都可以是本题答案,但是后文用了but,就只能选everything了钱在生活中是重要的,但对我来说并不是一切。【考例】-Wow, so many new houses! I cant believe that. It used to be a poor village. -Yes._ has changed here. 河南省A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything答案C。 解析 根据上句的意思判断此处应填everything表示“所有东西”,这样才符合句意。6)little和a little;few和a few little和a little修饰不可数名词