1、郫都：卿译元 分词分词(doing/done)动名词动名词(doing)不定式不定式（to do）状状语语定定语语表表语语宾语补助宾语补助语语宾宾语语主主语语非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能成成分分形形式式主动主动被动被动一般式一般式to do to be done进行式进行式to be doing完成式完成式to have doneto have been done 主动主动 被动被动一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done过去分词过去分词done动词不定式的时态和语态的变化动词不定式的时态和语态的变化动名词动名词/
2、分词的时态和语态的变化分词的时态和语态的变化They couldnt stand being treated like that.The boy didnt mind being left at home.I regret not having taken his advice.(4)I didnt remember having ever been given such a chance.非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句谓语动词一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句谓语动词,又又没有连词的情况下没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时.She got
3、 off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.一、不定式和动名词做主语的用法区别一、不定式和动名词做主语的用法区别1.to do做主语表特指，具体的动作；做主语表特指，具体的动作；doing做主语表示做主语表示泛指，抽象的概念泛指，抽象的概念.如：如：To play with fire is dangerous in summer.Playing with fire is dangerous.His job is teaching,but tod
4、ay his job is to teach English.2.It is+adj./n.to do something;It is adj.for/of sb.to do something.3.It is no use(not any use;useless)/no good doing something;It is of little use/good doing something.4.动名词的复合结构：动名词的复合结构：Ones(名词所有格名词所有格/形物形物)doing something.如：如：His/Toms coming made me very happy.Would
5、 you mind me/my(Tom/Toms)opening the window?Marys coming late made her teacher angry.Toms father was angry at Toms/Tom failing the exam.5.非谓语动词非谓语动词to do/doing做主语谓语动词用单数做主语谓语动词用单数.如：如：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.注意：注意：Planting trees and watering them are important.6.“疑问词疑问词+to do做主语做主语.
6、如：如：When to hold the meeting hasnt been decided.；The question is how to carry out the plan.I dont know what to do next.二、不定式和动名词做宾语的用法区别二、不定式和动名词做宾语的用法区别1.介词后通常接介词后通常接doing做宾语除了做宾语除了but,except,other thanThank you for inviting me.I look forward to hearing from you soon.He left without saying goodbye
7、to us.I did nothing but wait.I have no choice but to wait.cannot choose but do,cannot help but do,cannot but do 只好做某事只好做某事2.做动词的宾语：做动词的宾语：只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help,afford,happen,wai
8、t,strive(努力，力争努力，力争)口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装.主动容许选方案，同意主动容许选方案，同意请求帮一帮请求帮一帮.只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：consider(考虑考虑)，suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象，设想想象，设想)，avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,cant
9、 help,mind,allow/permit,escape.以下动词词组也要用动名词作宾语：以下动词词组也要用动名词作宾语：be used to,lead to,devote to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受无法忍受)，give up,feel like,insist on,put off,thank you for,apologize for,be busy(in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hardtime(in),
10、spend time(in).既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语的动词有下既可接动名词又可接动词不定式做宾语的动词有下面几种情况：面几种情况：a)like,love,hate,continue)to do/doingb)start(begin)to do/doing,当主语是物当主语是物；含有进行体；含有进行体或这两个动词后面有或这两个动词后面有情感动词情感动词时只能用时只能用to do.c)remember(forget,regret)to do/doing,to do表示表示这个动作这个动作还没做还没做；doing表示这个动作表示这个动作已做，已完已做，已完成成。d)want(need,r
11、equire)doing/to be done.e)be worth doing;be worthy of being done/to be done;Its worthwhile to do/doingf)go on to do something/doing something;try to do/doing;stop to do/doing;mean to do/doing;cant help to do(对于做某事不能有所帮助对于做某事不能有所帮助)/doing something(情不自禁地做情不自禁地做)三、分词，不定式作宾语补助语的区别三、分词，不定式作宾语补助语的区别1.以下动
12、词后面跟带以下动词后面跟带to的不定式作宾语补助语的不定式作宾语补助语:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,tell,want,warn,wish,think,call on,depend on等，这些动词表建议，请求，希望，命令，等，这些动词表建议，请求，希望，命令，允许。如：允许。如：The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.(宾语补助语宾语补助语)He was warned not
13、 to eat too much meat.(主语补主语补助语助语)Having finished her project,she was invited by the school _to the new students.(20 xx,江西卷江西卷)A.speaking B.having spoken C.to speak D.to have spoken C2.以下动词后在主动语态中接不带以下动词后在主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾语补的不定式作宾语补语，但在被动语态中要加上语，但在被动语态中要加上to:(look at,see,watch,notice,observe);(make,l
14、et,have);(listen to,hear);feel.口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉口诀：吾看三室两厅一感觉.上面这些词中除了上面这些词中除了let,make外都可以接现在分词作补外都可以接现在分词作补助语，此外助语，此外find,catch(当场发现当场发现/觉察觉察)，keep,leave也可以用现在分词作宾语补助语也可以用现在分词作宾语补助语.get sb.to do sth.如：如：I saw him go into the house.(不带不带to)He was seen to go into the house.(复原复原to)At that time,I found him
15、crying in the street.Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.He was caught cheating in the exam.She left water running.He left the work unfinished.比较：比较：Can you hear her singing in the next room?表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作I often hear the song sung in English.表示被动，完成的动作表示被动，完成的动作 I often hear
16、her sing the song.(表示主动表示主动)注意：注意：have sb.doing假设用于否认句中，表示假设用于否认句中，表示“容容忍忍,忍受之意忍受之意.如：如：I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不能容忍你跟你父亲那样讲话我不能容忍你跟你父亲那样讲话.I had my proposal turned down again.3.以下结构中用不定式做主语补助语：以下结构中用不定式做主语补助语：Sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered to do如：如：He is said
17、to have gone abroad.=It is said that he has gone abroad.Heat is considered to be a form of energy.四、动名词，不定式，分词作定语用法要点四、动名词，不定式，分词作定语用法要点1.动名词作定语表示功能或用途；现在分词作定语表动名词作定语表示功能或用途；现在分词作定语表示正在进行；动词不定式作定语表示将来；过去分示正在进行；动词不定式作定语表示将来；过去分词作定语表示完成或被动词作定语表示完成或被动.如果是及物动词即表如果是及物动词即表被动又表完成如：被动又表完成如：the swimming pool
18、,a walking stick,developing countries,developed countries;boiling waterboiled water；falling leaves,fallen leaves;rising sun,risen sun.2.to do作后置定语；动名词作前置定语；分词单个作后置定语；动名词作前置定语；分词单个作前置定语，短语作后置定语作前置定语，短语作后置定语.如：如：a sleeping baby,3.以下情况常用不定式作定语以下情况常用不定式作定语名词前有形容词最高级，序数词，名词前有形容词最高级，序数词，only，enough，next修饰
19、时修饰时.如：如：He is the last student to leave the school.He is the only foreign teacher to attend the meeting.注意：在注意：在have当当“有的句型中有的句型中，通常用不定式作，通常用不定式作定语定语.4.看下面的例句：看下面的例句：The young man talking with my father is a teacher.The meeting being held now is very important.I have some friends to invite.The meet
20、ing to be held tomorrow is very important.The meeting held yesterday is very important.a boy standing under the tree 得出总结如下：得出总结如下：doing something表一个表一个主动主动的，的，正在进行正在进行的动作的动作being done表一个表一个被动被动的，的，正在进行正在进行的动的动to do something表一个表一个主动主动的，的，将来将来的动作的动作to be done表一个表一个被动被动的，的，将来将来的动作的动作done表一个表一个被动被动的，的
21、，已完成已完成的动作的动作The airport_ next year will help promote tourism in this area.(20 xx A.being completed B.to be completed C completed.D.having been completedB五、不定式、分词作状语用法要点五、不定式、分词作状语用法要点1.不定式作状语表目的、结果不定式作状语表目的、结果.如：如：I come here to see you.=To see you/In order to see you,I came here.To complete the jo
22、b,they had to work day and night.We hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.The boy rushed to the door,only to find it locked.注意：现在分词作结果状语表示注意：现在分词作结果状语表示“意料、情理之中意料、情理之中，而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果.Their car was caught in a traffic jams,thus causing the delay.2.某些形容词作表语，表示
23、喜、怒、哀、乐，后跟不定某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、哀、乐，后跟不定式表示原因式表示原因glad,happy,delighted,sad,pleased,astonished.I am very glad to see you.I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.3.在带有在带有enough或或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：表示程度。如：He is old enough to go to school.She is too tired to do the job.4.分词作状语分词作状语分词作状语
24、的根本原那么：分词作状语的根本原那么：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致持一致.分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否那么不能使用分词作状语关系，否那么不能使用分词作状语.分词作状语的句法功能：分词作状语的句法功能：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随等条件、让步、行为方式、伴随等.现在分词作状语的例子如下：现在分词作状语的例子如下：(When)Walking in the stree
25、t,I met an old friend.(作时间状语作时间状语)Being ill,he stayed at home.(原因原因)If playing all day,you will waste a lot of time.(条件条件)Having failed several times,he didnt lose heart.(让步让步)Her husband died,leaving her three children.(结结果果)A little girl came in,singing and dancing.(伴随伴随)_ many times,he finally un
26、derstood it.(卷卷 A.Told B.Telling C.Having told D.Having been told D过去分词作状语的例子如下：过去分词作状语的例子如下：Asked why she was late,she began to cry.(时间时间)Given more time,Ill catch up with you.条件条件_ the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(20 xx,江西卷江西卷)A.Giv
27、ing B.Having given C.To give D.Given He didnt do the experiment as told to.(方式方式)The teacher stood there,surrounded/followed by his students.(伴随伴随)My glasses fell off,broken into pieces.(结果结果)Though punished,he still insisted on doing so.(让步让步)D独立主格结构独立主格结构结构：名词结构：名词(代词代词)+现在分词现在分词/过去分词过去分词/动词不定式动词不
28、定式/形容词形容词/副词副词/介词短语介词短语The test finished,we began our holiday.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.He came out of the library,a large book under his arms.with的复合结果：的复合结果：with+宾语宾语补助语宾语宾语补助语to do/doing/done(=When the test was finished),(=If weather permits),5.独立成分作状语独立成分作状语有些有些分词或不定式
29、分词或不定式短语作短语作状语状语，其形式的选择不受，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作上下文的影响，称作独立成分独立成分.常见的有：常见的有：Judging from his accent,he is from the south.Generally speaking,the more expensive the goods,the better its quality.generally speaking,frankly speaking，judging from/by,considering/takinginto consideration，to tell you the truth,to
30、 make things worse,supposing/providing/provided thatcompared to/with.6.非谓语动词的否认形式：非谓语动词的否认形式：not to do,not doing/done.not having done如：如：Not understanding what he said,I asked him to repeat it.Not having finished his homework,he refused to play.固定搭配固定搭配：一般用：一般用-ed做状语做状语be located in,be fixed on,be b
31、uried in,be surrounded by,be lost in thought,be dressed in,be caught in,be separated from,be satisfied with,be seated,be engaged in,be faced with,be absorbed in 六、非谓语动词易混点六、非谓语动词易混点1.不定式的主动和被动不定式的主动和被动不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式经常用主动形式。如
32、：系时，不定式经常用主动形式。如：She has a sister to look after.He has a lot of homework to do.主语主语be+形容词形容词to do 如：如：This book is difficult to understand.He is a man easy to get on with.I found the lecture difficult to read.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfo
33、rtable _.(20 xx,福建福建)A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold DThis machine is very easy _.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(20 xx,辽辽宁卷宁卷)A.operating B.to be operating C.operated D.to operate 在不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，在不定式作定语，与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，而与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。如：而与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。如：I have a meeting
34、 to attend today.Do you have anything to say?Give me a book to read.但如果没有这种主谓关系，那么需要用不定式的被但如果没有这种主谓关系，那么需要用不定式的被动式。如：动式。如：Im going to Beijing next week.Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?在以下句型中，在以下句型中，to let/rent,to blame,to seek等用主动形式表示被动含义等用主动形式表示被动含义.如：如：DThe house is to let.这栋房子要出租
35、这栋房子要出租.Who is to blame for it?这得怪谁？这得怪谁？The driver is to blame for the accident.The reason is not far to seek.理由不难找到理由不难找到.2.不定式符号不定式符号to的保存问题的保存问题 有时为了防止重复，可以用有时为了防止重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在以下动词之后：常出现在以下动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try,be glad/happy,would like/
36、love.如：如：The boy wanted to ride a bike in the street,but his mother told him not to.You dont have to eat such food if you dont want to.Would you like to come to the party?Id love to.如果在省略的不定式结构中含有如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have,have been,这些要这些要保存保存.如：如：Have you told Tom about the news?Sorry,but I ought to have.Are you on holiday?No,but Id like to be.
