1、In all ones lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with. But it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.人生在世，和自己相处最多，打交道最多，但是人最不了解的也恰恰是自己。Grammar and Writing语法精讲Grammar动词ing形式作宾语和表语语法感知However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and
2、 Germany，as it is not considered polite.Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing bet
3、ter than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.【自主发现】1第句中的making；第句中的shaking和第句的seeing为动词ing形式作宾语。2第句中的moving为动词ing形式作表语。语法精讲一、动词ing形式作宾语1一些动词后只跟动词ing形式作宾语，如：admit承认，advise建议，allow允许，avoid避免，consider考虑，delay推迟，deny否认，dislike不喜爱，enjoy喜爱，escape逃脱，fancy想要，finish完成，forbid禁止，forgive原谅，imagine想象，keep保持
4、，mind介意，miss错过，permit允许，practise练习，prevent阻止，risk冒险，stop停止，suggest建议等。I admit breaking the window.我承认窗子是我打破的。He tried to escape being punished.他设法逃避惩罚。You shouldnt keep thinking about it.你不应该老想着这事。Would you mind going with her?你可否同她一起去？We only missed seeing each other by five minutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。T
5、he doctor suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month.医生建议我一个月内不要抽烟喝酒。2有些动词短语后面也可跟动词ing形式作宾语，常见的有：insist on，give up，devote.to.，put off，keep on，leave off，look forward to，think of，feel like等。Last year，my father gave up smoking.去年我父亲戒烟了。Do you feel like taking a walk after supper?晚饭后你想去散步吗？
6、Chinese people are looking forward to holding the Olympic Games again.中国人民期待着再次举办奥运会。He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都献给了造福人类(的事业)。He put off making a decision till he had more information.在获得更多信息之前，他没有作出决定。We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.我们成功克服了所有的困难。巧记后接动词
7、ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)：建议考虑坚持练，(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)允许想象弃冒险，(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)阻止抵抗否避开，(prevent，resist，deny，escape)不禁介意保持完，(cant help，mind，keep，finish)承认错过心喜欢。(admit，miss，enjoy)3在以下结构中常使用动词ing形式作宾语。get down to doing sth开始做某事be opposed to doing sth反对做某事be worth doing s
8、th值得做某事cant stand/bear doing sth不能忍受做某事be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事stop/prevent/keep.from doing sth阻止做某事be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事have difficulty/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这让他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。If we
9、 have difficulty in understanding，we can go and ask him.如果我们理解有困难，我们可以去问他。名师提醒(1)有的动词后接动词ing形式作宾语时通常带有逻辑主语。Excuse my opening your letter by mistake.原谅我错拆了你的信。(2)有的动词(如advise，allow，forbid，permit等)后虽然不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。He advised her to buy a computer for convenience.他建议她方便起见买台电脑。(3)有些动词(如consid
10、er，understand，discuss等)后虽然不接不定式作宾语，却可接“疑问词不定式”作宾语。Have you considered how to get there?你是否考虑过如何到那儿去？用所给动词的适当形式填空I tried (garden) but didnt succeed.Would you mind (move) the box for me?We are all looking forward to (visit) the museum soon.The deer was lucky and it just missed (catch) by the hunter.【答
11、案】1.gardening 2.moving 3.visiting 4.being caught二、动词ing形式作表语1用来说明主语的具体内容。在这种情况下，主语和表语通常是对等关系，可互换位置。His hobby is reading books in his spare time.Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.他的爱好是在业余时间读书。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as poss
12、ible is her job.她的工作是尽可能使演讲厅保持干净。2用来表示主语所具有的特征，这时多为动词ing形式的形容词，如：astonishing，amusing，confusing，disappointing，boring，encouraging，inspiring，moving，tiring，interesting，surprising等。The news that our school won the game was exciting.我们学校赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。The lecture yesterday was very interesting.昨天的演讲非常有趣。用所给动
13、词的适当形式填空It is quite a (move) story，isnt it?His main task is (sell) smart blackboards at the moment.In my opinion，the ending of the movie is (bore)The match looked very competitive but the result was (disappoint)The most important thing now is (find) a place to live in.What he prefers to do in the mo
14、rning is (run)【答案】1.moving 2.selling 3.boring4.disappointing5.finding 6.running 随堂练习.单句语法填空1Fast food is full of fat and salt；by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.2My duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the pandas at Chengdu.3 (ignore
15、) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.4What I dislike is (stay) up too late.5After (look) at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.6Keep in mind that forgiveness doesnt necessarily mean (accept) the actions o
16、f the person who upsets you.7The speech you delivered is very interesting and (encourage)8I quickly lower myself，ducking(低下头) my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.9During the rosy years of elementary school(小学)，I enjoyed (share) my dolls and jokes，which allowed
17、 me to keep my high social status.10I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.【答案】1.eating 2.introducing 3.Ignoring 4.staying 5.looking 6.accepting 7.encouraging8.looking 9.sharing 10.visiting .补全句子1I 我承认犯了
18、一个严重的错误。2I found 我发现和他争论没用。3It is worthwhile 在教育上多花钱是值得的。4 can enlarge your vocabulary.每天记一些新单词可以扩大你的词汇量。5I cant imagine his parents.我难以想象那个男孩对他的父母说话那么粗鲁。6 was a great honour to the family.被邀请去参加聚会是这个家庭的荣耀。7Mr Jones decided to walk to the university 琼斯先生决定步行去大学而不坐出租车。8While going shopping，people som
19、etimes cant help 在购物时，人们有时会情不自禁地被说服去买他们不需要的东西。【答案】1.admitted making/having made a serious mistake2.it useless arguing with him3.spending much money on education4.Remembering some new words every day 5.the boy speaking so rudely to6.Being invited to the party7.instead of taking a taxi8.being persuade
20、d into buying something they dont need.语法填空Do you have sleeping 1._ (problem)？Then these tips may help you 2._ (fall) asleep fast.To begin with，set aside the thought that you have to sleep.The more you think of it，the 3._ (hard) you will fall asleep.The foods you eat also play an important part.Avoi
21、d 4._ (drink) things like coffee and energy drinks.If you have to，have them in the morning and never in the afternoon especially before going to bed.Dont eat too much at night.A full stomach will make it much more difficult 5._ (fall) asleep because your body needs to work longer 6._ (digest) the fo
22、ods you ate.Make a 7._ (fix) time to go to bed.For example，by nine oclock in the evening you should be already in bed.Do this even if you are not sleepy yet.Once 8._ (follow) this routine，you will gradually find that you feel sleepy when its nine oclock.Make your room comfortable for 9._ (have) a go
23、od sleep.You should also notice that sleeping environment also affects your sleep.It must be in the room where its not 10._ (noise)Otherwise，youll find it difficult to fall asleep again after waking up.1.problems【解析】考查名词的数。句中problem为可数名词，空前没有表示数量的限定词，且根据常识可知，睡眠问题有许多种，故此处应用复数形式。2(to)fall【解析】考查非谓语动词。此
24、处表示这些诀窍可能会帮助你快速入睡。动词help表示“帮助”时，后接不定式作宾补，不定式符号to可以省略。3harder【解析】考查形容词的比较级。此处为“the比较级.，the比较级.”结构，表示“越越”。4drinking【解析】考查非谓语动词。avoid意为“避免”，后接动词ing作宾语。5to fall【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示吃饱会使你更难入眠。此处是“make形式宾语it宾补真正的宾语”结构，真正的宾语由不定式充当。6to digest【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示你的身体要花费更多的时间去消化你吃的食物。7fixed【解析】考查形容词。此处指在固定
25、的时间上床睡觉。形容词fixed在此表示“固定的”。8following【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示你一旦遵循这个规定时间，就会逐渐发现一到9点你就困了。follow与句子主语you之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用动词ing形式。9having【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处for为介词，后应接动词ing作宾语。10noisy【解析】考查形容词。此处表示必须在不吵闹的房间里睡觉。空处作表语，故应用形容词。写作园地Writing描述肢体语言1介绍肢体语言的应用；2举例说明肢体语言的作用；3总结肢体语言在交流中的重要作用。1As you know，body language of different
26、 cultures has a lot in common in the world.正如你所知，世界上不同文化的肢体语言有许多相同之处。2Body language is very useful because it can hep you make yourself easily understood.肢体语言非常有用，因为它可以帮助你更容易让别人明白你的意思。3When you are talking with others，you are not just using words，but also using expressions and gestures.当你和别人交谈时，你不仅仅
27、是在用文字，而且还使用表情和手势。4However，body language is widely used in our daily life.然而，肢体语言在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。5Body language is extremely important when it comes to making a good first impression.在创造良好的第一印象方面，肢体语言极为重要。6It can make a difference and even make you more likeable.它会有影响，甚至让你更讨人喜欢。7In a word，body languag
28、e is as important as written language and spoken language in communication.总之，在交际中，肢体语言和书面语、口语一样重要。8When you use a foreign language，it is very important to know the meanings of gestures and movements in the foreign country.当你使用一门外语时，了解手势和动作在该国的含义是非常重要的。假如你是李华，你校校报的英文版就身势语的差异进行征稿。请你根据以下表格内容完成一个关于中美身势
29、语差异的英文稿件。身势语美国中国身体接触保持距离，较少接触，尤其是同性之间身体接触较多，例如女性之间可以手拉手等伸舌头一种粗鲁的表现一种尴尬的表现拍小孩的头给予安慰或鼓励表示喜爱注意：1.短文应包括表格所示的全部内容，可适当发挥；2词数100左右，文章开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：轻拍pat；安慰comfortAs we have more communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in the body language. 第一步审题谋篇主题中美身势语的差异体裁说明文人
30、称第一、三人称为主时态一般现在时布局第一段：强调身势语的重要性，表明写作目的；第二段：根据表格提示，说明身体接触、伸舌头和拍小孩的头的中美差异；第三段：总结差异是客观存在的，提出彼此理解的希望。第二步要点翻译1从表格中我们可以看到这种情况。We can see this situation from the table.2中国女性经常手牵手走路。Women in China often walk hand in hand3这在美国并不常见。It is not always common in America.4美国人通常站得离彼此不是很近。Americans usually dont stan
31、d close to each other.5他们几乎不碰对方，尤其是同性之间。They barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.6美国人认为伸出舌头是无礼的，但是中国人却经常使用这种身势语。Americans think its rude to put out ones tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language.7他们感到尴尬或羞愧。They are embarrassed or ashamed8中国人会拍拍孩子的头。Chinese peop
32、le will pat children on the head9他们喜欢他们。They like them10美国人也这样做。Americans do so as well.11他们想表达喜爱或安慰。They want to express favour or comfort12只有充分理解肢体语言的差异，我们才能恰当地进行沟通。We can communicate appropriately only by fully understanding the differences in body language.第三步词句升级1将句1、2、3合并为含有as、which引导的定语从句的主从复
33、合句。As we see from the table，women in China often walk hand in hand，which is not always common in America.2将句4、5合并为一个并列复合句。Americans usually dont stand close to each other and they barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.3将句6、7合并为含有形式宾语it和时间状语从句的并列复合句。Americans think it rude to
34、put out ones tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language when they are embarrassed or ashamed.4将句8、9、10、11合并为含有条件状语从句、时间状语从句的并列复合句。Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them，and Americans do so as well when they want to express favour or comfort.5将句12升级为倒装句。Only by ful
35、ly understanding the differences in body language can we communicate appropriately.第四步连句成篇As we have more communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences in the body language.As we see from the table，women in China often walk hand in hand，which is not always common in A
36、merica.By comparison，Americans usually dont stand close to each other and they barely touch each other，especially for people of the same sex.Also，Americans think it rude to put out ones tongue，but the Chinese often use this gesture language when they are embarrassed or ashamed.Furthermore，Chinese pe
37、ople will pat children on the head if they like them，and Americans do so as well when they want to express favour or comfort.In a word，differences do exist；only by fully understanding the differences in body language can we communicate appropriately. 假如你是李华，你的英国朋友罗伯特准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国人的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封
38、邮件，向他介绍一些日常的肢体语言。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Robert，I am glad to receive your email. Yours，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear_Robert，I am glad to receive your email.Now I will tell you something about body language in China.First，in China，we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye”Second，we
39、 usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them.Of course，some people may nod and smile instead of shaking hands.Third，when you are introduced to a Chinese group，they may greet you with clapping their hands.In addition，like people in many other countries，we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake
40、our heads to say “no”Last but not least，people will hold their thumbs up to praise a person if he does something great.Sometimes，we bow to show great respect and thanks to others.I hope this information will be helpful to you.Yours，Li Hua概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。A while back，I received an email from a concerned mother.In it，she described her sons addiction to smoking.She told me about how she had done this and that trying to help.She was scared she was going to lose her
