1、Unit 3 Food and Culture Lesson 4 Discovering Useful StructuresIearning objectsBy the end of this period,you will be able to1discover and grasp the form and rules of past perfect tense and past perfect passive voice;learn about the function through practice;talk about something using past perfect ten
2、se and its passive voice.Observe sentencesLook at the two pairs of sentences and pay attention to the meaning and the form of verbs in the sentences.这位主厨在他的新烹饪书出版之前，就已经创办了一家从农场到餐桌的餐馆。等到Sam加入他们的时候，他们已经吃完晚餐了。The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.They had
3、finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.A farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.activepassive“施动者已经做了施动者已经做了”“受动者已经被受动者已经被了了”Compare the meaningthe Past perfect tense 过去完成时 定义 基本
4、结构 基本用法 常用固定句型Past perfect tense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past.So it is used in a background of past.1.What is past perfect tense?过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。“过去的过去”通常有一般过去时作为通常有一般过去时作为参照参照Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.presentpastpast pe
5、rfect定义过去完成时过去完成时主要用来表示在过去某一时间之前就已经发生或者完主要用来表示在过去某一时间之前就已经发生或者完成了的动作，即成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，通常有一般过去时作为参照。，通常有一般过去时作为参照。定义presentpast arrive at the station (7:10)the train leave(7:00)When I arrived at the station,the train had already left.当我到达车站的时候，火车已经离开了。肯定式为_；否定式为_；被动式为_。She said she _ to Paris.I d
6、idnt know the way to Johns house because I _ there before.The work _ by us before last Friday.had donehad not donehad been done基本结构had beenhadnt beenhad been finished基本用法1.1.表示“从过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态”。当公共汽车最终到来时,她们已经在车站等了20分钟。They had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally ca
7、me.2.2.表示“在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作或状态”,”,即“过去的过去”,”,可以用by,beforeby,before等介词(短语)或一个时间状语从句来表示。By the time the policeman arrived,the thief had run away.3.3.先叙述过去发生的事情,在此之后追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。Mr Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.4.4.过去完成时还常常用在told,said,knew,heard
8、,thoughttold,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。He said he had stayed at home for 3 days.他说他在家里已经呆了三天了。5.5.动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intendthink,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示“过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图”等。She had intended to get up early.她本打算早点起床的。他本希望能取得较大进步的。He had ho
9、ped to make greater progress.I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.We had learned over two thousands English words by the end of last term.They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.过去的过去6.过去完成时时间状语有哪些？1.by+过去的时间点I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last
10、 night.2.by the end of+过去的时间点We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3.before+过去的时间点They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.过去完成时时间状语有哪些？My father asked me if I had finished reading that book.The lady showed me the pictures she had painted.I began the
11、work after he had gone.1.在主从复合句中，主句为 ，从句动作发生在主句之前，用 。7：隐形的过去完成时过去时过去完成时(1)It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。那是我第一次参观长城。It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.It was the first time that we _(see)a film together.It was the most interesting movie that we _(watch).had
12、 seenhad watched8.用于一些固定句型：(2)在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和 No soonerthan中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一就”。他刚进入他的办公室,电话铃就响了。Hardly had he got into his office when the telephone rang.他刚到就被要求离开。No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave.1 Carol:_ you ever _ any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrew
13、s last year?Paul:No,not really.But I _about haggis many times before we went there.Carol:Oh.Did you try it?Paul:Oh,yes!You know what?We _ late for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We _our meal before we learnt we_ just_,haggis!Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well
14、,it was not bad.I have to say.2 Carol:When I got to the tea house yesterday,I found nobody there._it_?Paul:Oh,Im so my that forgot to tell you!The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally,the hostess,_into a car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear that.Hope Sally recovers soon!arrive cancel eat finish get taste tellhadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finishedhadeatenhadbeen cancelledhad got2.Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.(Textbook P29)Thank you
