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UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Try to become not a man of success, but try rather to become a man of value. Albert Einstein In this unit, you will 1 read about people of achievement and their contributions. 2 hear and talk about great people. 3 write an introduction about someone you admire. 4 explore what greatness means and how it is achieved. Look and discuss 1 Who is the woman in the photo? 2 What is happening in this photo? 3 What more can you find from this photo? PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT UNIT 1 1 给作者 Describe people of achievement Reading and Thinking 1 Before you read, discuss these questions in groups. 2 Scan the text and find descriptive words about Tu Youyou. Find descriptive words Pay attention to the descriptive words in a passage. These will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage. 1 What kind of person makes great discoveries? 2 Which is more important for making a great discovery, talent or effort? TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600,000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tus team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. She analysed the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 2UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 给作者 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 5 Complete the flow chart. Then tell the story of how artemisinin was discovered. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” 4 Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 Why is the discovery of artemisinin important? 2 What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood? 3 What numbers are mentioned in the text? What do they suggest? 4 Why is Tu Youyou considered a great person? 3 Circle the answers to the questions below. 1 Where would you most likely find this passage? A In a blog. B In a book. C In a letter. D In a newspaper. 2 Passages like this are most often written in and . A the active voice/offer many opinions B the first person/talk about feelings C both active and passive voices/mostly contain facts 3 Which two pieces of information were not included in the passage? A A quote from Tu Youyou. B The details of how artemisinin was discovered. C Tu Youyous important contributions other than the discovery of artemisinin. D Tu Youyous personal life. E Tu Youyous road to discovering artemisinin. F What Tu Youyou was awarded. G Why artemisinin is an important discovery. Tu Youyous team looked at many . They found a medical text suggesting . They tried . They sweet wormwood. They used a the sweet wormwood extract. They tested the medicine to see if safe. They tested the medicine on . The medicine was for malaria. 3 给作者 Learning About Language Build up your vocabulary 1 Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text. 1 cook something in very hot water 2 relating to plants 3 qualities or characteristics of something 4 a kind of substance that flows freely, such as water or milk 5 remove or take out, often with great effort 6 physical material that exists 2 Guess the meaning of the underlined words. Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots. 3 Read the passage about Lu Xun. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. 4 In pairs, discuss how people can achieve success, using words and expressions you have learnt in this unit. 1 The two flowers are quite distinct from one another, so it is easy to make a between them. 2 Scientists need to how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is. 3 A talented scientist well known for his to his country, Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics. 4 A: Did you come to any conclusions? B: Yes, we that by drawing out the extract at a low temperature, we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment. 5 She spends a lot of time her patients dreams. This analysis is very helpful, explaining their daily behaviour very well. insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucial Lu Xun, as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881. In 1904, he went to Japan and became a medical student, with the of improving peoples health and saving lives. However, he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier. It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. From this, he concluded that the problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual illness of people at that time. Following this, he quit medical school. When he returned to China in 1908, he a teaching job. In 1917, a friend that he help write for a magazine called New Youth. That was how his first famous short story A Madmans Diary got published. 4UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 给作者 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Discover useful structures 1 Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. 2 Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently? 3 Work in groups. Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information. Then share them with your group members. TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefight against the disease. TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighest international honours a person can receive. TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients. Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. The book tells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 1 We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2 Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 3 There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. 4 The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. 5 The building under construction was designed by I.M. Peia famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guangzhou, China. 6 I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. EXAMPLE EXAMPLE Id like to try , Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough. 1 I would like to travel around , 2 What impressed me most , 3 My favourite scientist is , 4 Finally we arrived at , 5 My grandparents like going for outings in spring, 6 I wish to obtain , 7 My best friend , 5 给作者 Using Language 1 Match the people with their achievements. Then listen to a conversation between Dr Wang, his daughter Wang Lin, and his daughters friend Anna, and check your answers. 2 Listen to the conversation again. Who does each speaker admire? Tick in the table below. Explore the meaning of greatness 3 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Elon Musk A founder of modern nursing 2 Bill Gates B founded high-tech and futuristic companies 3 Jack Ma (Ma Yun) C managed the SARS outbreak 4 Alexander Fleming D made great advancement in online shopping 5 Florence Nightingale E made home computing accessible 6 Zhong Nanshan F discovered penicillin Dr Wang Wang Lin Anna Smith Elon Musk Bill Gates Jack Ma Zhong Nanshan Florence Nightingale Alexander Fleming Dr Wang 1 Why does Dr Wang say “money isnt everything”? 2 What is the real reason Anna admires the famous people, and what examples does she give? 3 What kind of person do you think Wang Lin admires? Why? Listen for reasons When people give their opinions or decisions on a matter, they often give reasons for them. Sometimes, the reason is introduced by words such asbecauseordue to. At other times, the reason is given right after the opinion or decision, and the link can be inferred. 6UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT 给作者 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Listening and Speaking 4 Work in groups. Brainstorm the names of some great people and write them in the table below. 5 Discuss what makes these people great. Try to use the following language fillers to give yourself time to think. 6 Use your discussion to draw conclusions about the meaning of greatness. The following expressions may help you. Then report back to the class. (Er/Oh/Um,) let me see/think Right./Sure. Well, er, Really? Yeah, I mean, I understand what youre saying Well, I guess Anyway, ... You see/know, Just a moment. So, ... Hang on a second. Well, it s on the tip of my tongue. May I think about that for a moment? Ive nearly got it, er, How can/shall/should I put this/it? What I want to say is ... Let me think about this/that for a moment. The greatest person I know of is ..., who ... To be great, a person should ... To me, greatness means ... Why do you think that? Thats true, but ... I want to be like because he/she has achieved financial success has invented new products has made great discoveries serves as a good role model brings happiness to other people makes great contributions to society Giving time to think Ordinary people Environmentalists Inventors Scientists Explorers Politicians 7 给作者 Using Language 8UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT8 1 What do you know about Albert Einstein? Read the text and complete the timeline. Then introduce Einsteins life story and achievements in your own words. Introduce someone you admire THE MAN WHO CHANGED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE Albert Einstein, who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people. This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. When he was 16, he tried to enter university in Switzerland, but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam, despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900. After two years of looking for work as a teacher, Einstein took a job as a clerk in the Swiss patent office. While working there, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905. That same year, which was later recorded as a miracle year in science, he published four extraordinary physics papers. Following this, he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton. After four years, he was able to quit his job at the patent office and enter research full-time at a university. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Circumstances changed in 1933, when Hitler came to power in Germany. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. As a consequence, he had to flee Germany. After spending time in Europe, he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA. Following that, he continued to make great achievements in physics and mathematics. To the public, he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. Although he was a genius, he sometimes forgot things, like his friends birthdays. But despite his peculiarities, he was loved by his friends and neighbours. There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help explain things. After many such 给作者 UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Does the writer describe the persons appearance and personality? Does the writer tell an impressive story of the persons life? Does the writer say why the person is great? Does the writer sum up how he/she feels about this person? 2 In pairs, discuss the following questions. 1
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