1、词性名词flowerSnow WhiteTiananmen square名词表示事物、人名、地名等。（名词：noun,缩写：n.)普通名词可数名词不可数名词flowersmilk代词代词：代替名词或起名词作用的。（代词：pronoun,缩写：pron.)数词表示数目的多少或者顺序的词叫做数词。（数词：numeral,缩写：num.)动词动词表示动作或表示状态的词汇。（动词：verb,缩写：v.)形容词形容词表示人或事物的外表、性质等。（.的）（形容词：adjective,缩写：adj.)副词副词在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词。（.地）（副词：adverb,缩写：adv.)数词基数词one,tw
2、o,three.序数词first,second,third.介词用来表示词与词，词与句之间关系的词。（介词：preposition,缩写：prep.)冠词冠词：帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。（冠词：article,缩写：art.)冠词定冠词不定冠词theaan连词Mickey Mouse and Donald DuckShe is hard-working,but she is shy.连词：用来连接短语或句子。（连词：conjuction,缩写：conj.)感叹词感叹词：表示说话时的情感或语气。（感叹词：interjection,缩写:interj.)实词名词代词数词动词形容词副词虚词介词冠词
3、连词感叹词判断下列句子中画线部分的词性1.Mary dances well.2.His father is reading.3.He plays the piano.4.He works in a shop.5.Nothing can live without water.句子成分一、主语(subject)(S)主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式等来承担。Many students didnt pass the exam.许多学生没有通过考试。He broke the window immediately.他立即打破窗户。Three
4、is the ideal number for our small team.我们的小组三个人最为理想。Smoking can cause cancer.吸烟可致癌。To finish the task will take a long time.要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。二、谓语(predicate)(V)谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。动词实义动词连系动词助动词情态动词及物动词（vt)不及物动词(vi)I reached Beijing.I arrived in Beijing.be,look,become,seemdo,hav
5、ecan,may,must三、宾语(object)(O)宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数、动名词、不定式等来担任。She is doing her homework now.We often help him.How many do you want?-I want two.He likes to play basketball.We enjoy listening to the music.I gave him a gift on his birthday.四、表语(predicative)(P)表语说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由名词
6、、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。系动词表状态表感官表变化表像be,stay,keep,remain.feel,smell,taste,look,soundbecome,go,turn.seem,appear.表语It tastes good.Leaves turn yellow.She seems quite happy today.判断表语由什么成分充当I am a student.The book is mine.I am ten.I am sorry.The patient is out of danger.All of the teachers are there.五、宾补
7、(object compiement)(OC)宾补即宾语补足语。宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。宾补简单来说就是补充和说明宾语的成分。He often makes us laugh.You can call me anything.一、主语+谓语（不及物动词）（SV型）The rain stopped.They are talking.二、主语+谓语（及物动词
8、）+宾语（SVO型）Children often sing this song.My mother is watching TV.三、主语+连系动词+表语（SVP型）The book is new.Betty looks very beautiful.四、主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVID型）Ill by him a new watch.She showed me all her pictures.五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC型）We often heard them laugh.John told me to do that again.简单句五种
9、基本句型六、定语（attribute)定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。The boy needs a ball pen.The little boy needs a blue pen.The girl sitting by my side is my sister.七、状语(adverbial)状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式,、条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担
10、任。He speaks English very well.He is waiting at the station.The students were talking when the teacher came in.八、同位语（appositive)当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。1.Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。2.We Chinese people are brave.我们中国人民是勇敢的。判断各个句子成分I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语 谓语定语宾语同位语状语
