1、新北师大版高中英语选择性必修四新北师大版高中英语选择性必修四Unit10 ConnectionsLesson1 How Closely Connected Are We1.How many of you use social media?2.Which social media do you have a personal account?3.How many contacts do you have on social media?How many people do you regularly communicate with?Have you heard of the theory“Si
2、x Degrees Separation”?(六度分离理论)?Six degrees of separation is a well-known idea that any two people on this planet can be connected via an average number of six steps.Having succeeded in the real world,the theory even directly or indirectly motivated the invention of online societies.Here is a short v
3、ideo about it.1.Read the article quickly and find out the main idea.This article introduces what the theory of“Six Degrees Separation”is and how it develops.2.Read the first two paragraphs of the article on the theory“Six Degrees of Separation”.What does it mean and who invented this theory?It state
4、s that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.The theory was first introduced by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy,in the early 20th century.How-He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to _to a str
5、anger in the state of Massachusetts.Who-_In 1967Findings/Results-It only took between _people to get the parcels delivered.send packagesfive and sevenExamples to prove the theoryLine21:“small-world problem”Stanley Milgram3.Read the rest of the article.How-They _ a game,the idea of which was to link
6、any actor to Kevin Bacon through _six links.Who-Two college students in the United StatesIn the mid-1990sFindings/Results-The game _ in universities across the United States.inventedno more thanwas being playedExamples to prove the theoryHow-Columbia University tried to recreate Milgrams experiment
7、on the Internet.It involved 24,163 email chains with _ in 13 different countries.Who-Columbia UniversityIn 2003Findings/Results-It _ that the average number of links in the chain was _.18 target peopleconfirmedExamples to prove the theorysixLine 51:“Columbia Small-world Project”In the mid-1990sHow C
8、losely Connected Are WeIn 1967Text builderHow Closely Connected Are We?In 2011In 2003Examples to prove the theoryIntroductionConclusionThe theory“Six Degrees of Separation”was first talked about in the 1920s.People are closely connected.A person can be connected to anyone through no more than five o
9、ther people according to the theory.Talk about how the theory developed based on your notes.1920s1967 Stanley MilgramMid-1990s Two college students in the US2003 Columbia University2011 The University of Milan Frigyes KarinthyRead the article again.Take turns to explain the“Six Degrees of Separation
10、”theory.Use the diagram to help you.“Six Degrees of Separation”What does it mean?When did the term first appear?What happened in the 1950s?What did Stanley Milgram do?How many people did it take for the parcel to reach the right person in Milgrams experiment?How did it influence the entertainment in
11、dustry?What is the“Columbia Small-world Project”?What was the result of the University of Milans research?Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.Kevin Bacon is a famous Hungarian actor and musician.()2.Stanley Milgram tried to prove the“Six Degrees of Separation”mathematica
12、lly.()3.Stanley Milgram found a sample of people who he had known before the experiment.()4.The Oscar-winning TV series Babel is based on the concept of“Six Degrees of Separation”.()5.Almost all the characters in Lost had randomly met each other or had met someone the other characters knew before th
13、e plane crash.()6.The“Columbia Small-world Project”involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 15 different countries.()Why does the writer ask the question“How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels?”in the last paragraph
14、?A.To help readers recall the development of“Six Degrees of Separation”.B.To make readers relate themselves to the theory of“Six Degrees of Separation”.C.To persuade readers to agree with his/her opinions on“Six Degrees of Separation”1 Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experim
15、ents“Small world”?Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other person.In this sense the world is small.2 Why do you think people study how people are connected?Probably people want to study the structures of human so
16、ciety,the rules of human social activities,and how people are connected with each other.Discuss and decide what experiment you can carry out to find out how many degrees of separation there are between people who dont know each other.Consider:how many people will participate in the experiment?what w
17、ill the participants do?how will you find out the results of the experiment?知识点知识点1.(Para1)Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people,and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.adj.普通的，平常的；平均
18、的定语从句并列的宾语从句引导词that不省略be close to sb.与某人亲近的知识点知识点2.2.However,perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think.“Six Degrees of Separation”refers to the theory that any person on earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.refer to 指的是；提及；参考
19、 同位语从句be connected to/with 与连接；与有联系a chain of 一连串，一系列chain v.(用铁链）拴住，束缚知识点知识点3.3.(Para2)(Para2)The concept was first talked about as long as in the 1920s.The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929,in which he introduced the idea of friendship networ
20、ks 匈牙利的过去分词V-ed作后置定语非限制性定语从句知识点知识点4.4.and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.make/leave a good impression on sb.给某人留下好印象知识点知识点5.(Para3)In the 1950s,an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically；but after twenty years,they had still not ha
21、d any success.make an attempt(to do)尝试做某事数学上地知识点知识点6.6.In 1967,an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory,which he called the“small-world problem”.非限制性定语从句try doing sth.试着做某事try to do sth.努力做某事知识点知识点7.7.He chose a random sample of people in the middle
22、of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.The people sending the packages only knew the name,job and general location of the stranger.adj.随机的现在分词V-ed作后置定语at random=randomly 随机地知识点知识点8.8.Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personall
23、y who they thought might know the target stranger.定语从句知识点知识点9.9.Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.deliver sth.to sb.把递送给某人=sb.sth.知识点知识点10.10.Amazingly,it only to
24、ok between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered,and once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.It was this research that inspired the phrase“Six Degrees of Separation”.令人吃惊的是get sth.done 使某物被过去分词作状语，表被动强调句It is/was.that.知识点知识点11.(Para4)In the la
25、st few decades,the theory and the phrase have appeared again.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.Then,more films and TV programes based on the concept were made and broadcast.现在完成时标志be based on 基于过去分词V-ed作后置定语知识点知识点12.12.For example,the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the c
26、oncept of“Six Degrees of Separation”.The lives of all the characters were closely connected,although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart.live apart 分开住知识点知识点13.13.The television series Lost also explored the idea of“Six Degrees of Separation”,as almost all the character h
27、ad randomly met each other,or had met someone the other characters knew,before they were all in the same plane crash.过去完成时had done标志飞机坠毁crash(v.)into sb./sth.碰撞随机地知识点知识点14.14.In the mid-1990s,two college students in the United States invented a game.The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevi
28、n Bacon,a famous American actor and musician,through no more six links.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.to do作表语link.to/with.把和联系起来知识点知识点15.(Para5)In 2001,Columbia University tried to recreate Milgrams experiment on the Internet.This became known as the“Columbi
29、a Small-world Project”.The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.vt.包含，涉及，使参与知识点知识点16.16.The result confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.证实 comfirm that+Cl.知识点知识点17.(Para6)More recently,an experiment in 2011 at the Universi
30、ty of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were conncected by only four stages,or five degrees of separation.近期，最近analyse/ze v.分析analysis n.pl.analysesan analysis of.对的分析知识点知识点18.18.So,think about it for a minute:How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels?定语从句Search online and find details about the“small-world problem”,“Columbia Small-world Project”or other experiments related to the theory.Write a short report on your findings.
