1、1 绝密启用前 南京市某中学 20202021学年度高三年级第一学期期初检测 英语试题2020.08 （满分：150 分，考试时间：120 分钟） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Its generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because
2、they care about the environment.They pay$5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks. Its undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions( 性 情 ） ， but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem,by
3、 observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to ou
4、r behavior to figure out who we are. Moreover,we dont just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character-we infer characters that werent there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neigh
5、bors would disapprove if we didnt.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition. Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in c
6、ompliance(符合）with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts advice:We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. 21.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to_ A.determine ones behaviorB.reflect one s t
7、aste C.influence ones surroundingsD.result from ones habits 22.Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with? A.The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty. B.A kind person will offer his seat to the old. C.One recycles plastics to protect the environment. D.One buys latte out
8、 of true love of coffee. 2 23.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage? A.We fail to realize our inner dispositions. B.We can be influenced by outside pressures. C.Our behavior is the result of our true desires. D.Our characters can shape our social relationships. 24.What doe
9、s the author mainly discuss in the passage? A.Personalities and attitudes.B.Preferences and habits. C.Behavior and personalities.D.Attitudes and preferences. B One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest,the next,the air was charged with tension.The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of a
10、nimals and her mood suddenly changed.l urged the elephant deeper into the forest.We sounded like a forest fire-crackling,snapping,trailblazing.But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry.The elephant stopped and we heard it again-the tell- tale call of a spotted deer. I looked quickly around
11、the shadows of the forest.Rays of sunlight shone through tree branches,beneath which the patchwork(交错）of green plants and shadows-within-shadows would make tiger stripes(条纹）look more attractive.Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach,the forest was silent. Gradually,the tension sli
12、pped from our bodies.The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.l reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck;there was a soft part,free of wrinkles and hairs,behind her ear. This was my fourth time to sense the aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no
13、 tigers in the end.Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains,Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers,but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处），a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity.Still,I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear.If I had so desperately
14、 wanted to see a tiger,l could have gone to a zoo.After all,spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty;tracking them can make you aware of something more. 25.Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm? A.The elephant stopped.B.A spotted deer called. C.The elephant seized a branch.D.The for
15、est was silent for a while. 26.The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by. A.describing various soundsB.comparing different animals C.listing different activitiesD.introducing various plants 27.What does the underlined partto sense the auramost probably mean? A.To see the dive
16、rsity.B.To enjoy the scenery. C.To feel the atmosphere.D.To experience the freedom. 3 28.How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett? A.Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling. B.It is very time-consuming to travel in Corbett. C.It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.
17、D.The process of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. C The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly,biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid-we simply weigh too much,and all our mass pushes down through our relatively
18、 small feet,resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink. However,several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus,a lizard(蜥蜴）native o Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding ge
19、tting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this,wed need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequatehitting. But fortunately there is an alternative:cornflour.B
20、y adding enough of this common thickening agent to water(and it does take a lot),you can create a non-Newtonianliquid that doesnt behave like normal water.Now,if the surface of the water is hit hard enough,particles(粒 子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly e
21、nough and put enough force into each step,and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour. Fun though all this may sound,its still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it,then keep the water wings handy in case
22、 you start to sink- and take a shower afterward! 29.Walking on water hasnt become a reality mainly because humans. A.are not interested in itB.have biological limitations C.have not invented proper toolsD.are afraid to make an attempt 30.What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage? A.
23、It is light enough to walk on water. B.Its huge feet enable it to stay above water. C.It can run across water at a certain speed. D.Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water. 31.What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage? A.To create a thick liquid.B.To turn the water in
24、to solid. C.To help the liquid behave normally. D.To enable the water to move rapidly. 32.What is the authors attitude toward the idea of humans walking on water? 4 A.It is risky but beneficial.B.It is interesting and worth trying. C.It is crazy and cannot become a reality. D.It is impractical thoug
25、h theoretically possible. D There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some m
26、ore myths: I ll never lose weight-I come from a fat family Wrong!While we cant change the body type we are born with,we cant blame our genes for making us fat.Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercis
27、ing too little. I am fat because I burn calories slowly Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢）。In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately. Ex
28、ercise is boring Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time
29、challenge. No pain,no gain Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you somethings wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in
30、 your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they dont,rest and seek medical advice. 33.What does the author think about being fat? A.It is the family genes that make people fat. B.People are fat because they consume too little energy. C.A diary of exercise can prevent people
31、 from becoming fat. D.It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle. 34.According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting? A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise. C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercise. 35.What is the authors opinion
32、aboutNo pain,no gainin exercising? A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience. B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt. C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal. D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body. 5 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短
33、文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 W:Hello,Jack.Youre getting ready for tomorrows lessons,arent you? M:Yes,Im a bit nervous.36 W:I understand how youre feeling.Youll make a lot of friends very soon. M:Thank you.Ill try my best to get used to my new school life as soon as possible. 37 W:At 8 o cl
34、ock. 38 M:Say it,please. W:Before class we have 10 minutes to hand in homework and then 20 minutes for morning reading. M:That s to say,we must get to school at 7:25.Five minutes later wed hand in homework.Right? W:Right.39 M:Well.I hear that lunch time is nearly 12 o clock and I ll be starving by t
35、hen. W:Dont worry.40 M:Thats great. A.So I suggest you get up before 7:00. B.By the way,what time does the first class begin? C.How long will it take us to finish our homework? D.But there is some other suggested time you should remember. E.During the break after the second class,we can buy somethin
36、g to eat. F.I have no idea what ll happen in class and how Ill get along with my classmates. G.I really dont know what to do after class. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳 选项。 A Welcome Gift Dario and his mother loved their new apart
37、ment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night,the two of them 41_side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 42 filled the room and made them feel very happy. The next morning, 43 ,their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a_ 44 under t
38、heir door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨）about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员）if he knew anything about it.But 6 he said that they were all 45 people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning,Da
39、rio suggested that they write a letter to their 46 and apologize for their playing. Maybe we could go and 47 everyone in person,his mother said. What if we invited them to come here for a 48 instead?Dario asked. They both loved the 49.Over the next few days,they sent out invitations and prepared des
40、serts 50 their guests.They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带）and party lights. Finally,the day of the party 51.Some guests brought presents.Others brought flowers.Some even brought desserts to 52.One woman,Mrs.Gilbert, 53 Darios mother with a book of piano music by Chopin. I heard you playin
41、g the other night,she said.The sounds woke me out of bed.l 54 that you might play like this every night.So I wrote a short note.l hope you dont think I disliked the playing. Darios mother smiled at Mrs.Gilbert.I think maybe we 55 you an apology, she said.I didnt 56 how late it was when we were playi
42、ng.Maybe we should play some quieter music at night. You play,you play!Mrs.Gilbert said.I like what you play!Just not so loud at night.She pointed to the book she had given them.These songs are not such_ 57 music. These songs are beautiful music,Darios mother said.We will be 58 to play them in the e
43、vening. And we wont play so loud or late!Dario said.He was already looking forward to 59 the new music.More than that,however,he was happy to see the big smile on his mothers face.It gave him a feeling of 60 and made him feel that they were home at last. 41.A.satB.stoodC.layD.walked 42.A.voiceB.ring
44、C.musicD.cry 43.A.thereforeB.howeverC.otherwiseD.instead 44.A.noteB.posterC.billD.report 45.A.proudB.richC.luckyD.nice 46.A.neighborsB.friendsC.relativesD.audiences 47.A.blameB.instructC.questionD.visit 48.A.partyB.concertC.showD.play 49.A.experienceB.ideaC.performanceD.action 50.A.toB.withC.forD.fr
45、om 51.A.continuedB.arrivedC.passedD.finished 52.A.orderB.sellC.shareD.advertise 53.A.treatedB.presentedC.helpedD.served 54.A.promisedB.admittedC.agreedD.worried 7 55.A.giveB.sendC.offerD.owe 56.A.realizeB.rememberC.understandD.accept 57.A.sweetB.strangeC.funnyD.loud 58.A.braveB.sorryC.happyD.afraid
46、59.A.changingB.practicingC.recordingD.writing 60.A.equalityB.freedomC.warmthD.sympathy 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 M:Miss Green,do you think people could work at home instead of working in offices in future? W:Oh,yes.Its(61)h_now.You see,the communication indust
47、ry has made much progress in the(62)l_ten years. M:And how do these people manage to work?I mean,(63)w_ equipment do they have at home? W:Well,they have a TV set,a computer,a printer and a phone to(64)c_ with other computers. M:I see.But surely there re some(65)a_in being able to work at home. W:Yes
48、.Working at home,people dont have to spend a lot of time getting to and from their workplace.The rush hours,(66)a_everyone knows,are the(67)w _times of day to travel.Millions of people spend their working lives getting up early to(68) a_ the rush hours. M:Ah,I see.What do you think(69)a_ the conditi
49、on of home workers? W:OK,a British film will have(70)s _a condition here next year. 第三节（共 5 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 5 分） 71.Were taking our vacation in_（七月）. 72.You can get even better deals if you are prepared to_（讨价还价）. 73.The cards had been_（卡住）through the letterbox. 74.Smith went to Chicago for_（技术）training. 75.Bob is six feet in_（身高） 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 应用文写作（满分 15 分） 目前 iPad 已成为儿童视力第一杀手，请根据下图写一篇 80 词左右的英语短文，内容应包括： 简要描述图画内容；表明你的观点。 8 注意：1.短文的开头已给出
