1、 UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY Period III Discovering Useful StructuresStep I 学习理解学习理解Learn about modal verbs.Definition.According to the literal interpretation of modal verbs,the definition of modal verbs is:It is a verb that is usually used with another verb to express ideas such as possibility,necess
2、ity and permission.(它是一个动词它是一个动词,通常与另一个动通常与另一个动词一起使用词一起使用,用来表达可能性、必要性和许可等想法用来表达可能性、必要性和许可等想法。)Learn about modal verbs.Functions:Find modal verbs in previous sections and discuss their functions.Modal verbs have many functions,including the following(AF).A necessity B possibility C obligationD reques
3、t E advice F intentionLearn about modal verbs.Functions:Find modal verbs in previous sections and discuss their functions.Summary:情态动词可用来表示需要、可能性、委婉请求、推测、愿望、情态动词可用来表示需要、可能性、委婉请求、推测、愿望、建议、义务、意愿、禁止等。建议、义务、意愿、禁止等。A necessity:You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden.
4、B possibility:.it may seem lucky to you.C obligation:Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because.D request:May we ask what youre doing in this country.?E advice:.youd better not open it.F intention:What would you do if you were in her situation?The past future tense.According to
5、the literal interpretation,the definition of the past future tense is:the action or state would take place or happen after a certain past time point,which is often used in the objective clause.(过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要过去将来时表示在过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中。常用在宾语从句中。)Definition.The past future tense
6、.Structure.would/should+do was/were going to+do was/were about to+do was/were to+doUse the mind map to tease the grammar out.Study the grammar.Review of modal verbs复习情态动词复习情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“需要、可能、需要、可能、愿意和禁止愿意和禁止”等，有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词等，有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词(实义动词或连
7、系实义动词或连系动词动词)的原形一起构成谓语动词。的原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有:can、could、may、might、must、have to、shall、should、ought to、will、would、need、dare、had better等。等。(1)can/could的用法。的用法。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明表示能力表示能力(could表示过去的能力表示过去的能力)表示有能力做或能够发生，意为表示有能力做或能够发生，意为“会会,能能,能够能够”。表示许可表示许可表示请求许可或给
8、予许可，意为表示请求许可或给予许可，意为“可以可以”。表示推测表示推测否定句否定句表示有把握的否定推测，意为表示有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能不可能”。疑问句疑问句此时意为此时意为“可能可能”。肯定句肯定句表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。表示请求表示请求可用来提出请求，当表示语气更加委婉或客气时可用来提出请求，当表示语气更加委婉或客气时,常常用用could代替。肯定回答时要用代替。肯定回答时要用can，不用，不用could。The man can/could speak two foreign languages.那个人能说两门外语。那个人能说两门外语。We c
9、ant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那个重箱子。我们搬不动那个重箱子。It cant be the headmaster.He has gone to America.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。这不可能是校长，他去美国了。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。这里夏天有时会很热。Can/Could you give me a cup of tea,please?请给我一杯茶好吗请给我一杯茶好吗?Can I use your phone?我可以用一下你的电话吗我可以用一下你的电话吗?Of course you can.当然
10、可以。当然可以。Study the grammar.(2)may/might的用法。的用法。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗我能知道你的名字吗?He may/might not be at home at this time.这个时候他可能不在家。这个时候他可能不在家。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明表示请求或许可表示请求或许可,意为意为“可可以以”。在疑问句中在疑问句中,might可以代替可以代替may,语气更语气更加委婉。给予许可时用加委婉。给予许可时用may,不用不用might。表示推测表示推测,意为意为“或许或许,可可能能”。通常用于肯定
11、句和否定句中。通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might比比may语气弱。语气弱。(3)must/have to的用法。的用法。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明must表示义务表示义务,意为意为“必必须须”。must强调说话人的主观看法强调说话人的主观看法,在回答带有在回答带有must的问句时的问句时,否否定式常用定式常用need not(neednt)或或dont have to,而不用而不用must not。must用来表示推测用来表示推测,意为意为“一定一定”。只能用在肯定句中。只能用在肯定句中。must的肯定程度比的肯定程度比can强。强。must表示主观上的偏执或表示主
12、观上的偏执或固执固执,意为意为“偏要偏要,非非要要不可不可”。常用于疑问句和条件句中常用于疑问句和条件句中,偶尔也用于陈述句中。偶尔也用于陈述句中。mustnt表示禁止。表示禁止。此时意为此时意为“不得；不允许；一定不要不得；不允许；一定不要”。must与与have to的区别的区别have to与与must的意思接近的意思接近,但但must更强调说话者的主观意更强调说话者的主观意愿愿,have to强调客观上的必要性强调客观上的必要性,常译为常译为“不得不不得不”。英式。英式英语中常用英语中常用have got to代替代替have to。否定式。否定式dont have to,表示表示“没
13、必要没必要,不必不必”,构成疑问句时构成疑问句时,要借助助动词要借助助动词do。You must hurry up or youll be late.你必须快点儿，不然会迟到的。你必须快点儿，不然会迟到的。Must I be home before eight oclock?我必须八点钟前到家吗我必须八点钟前到家吗?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的，你必须。是的，你必须。/不，你不必。不，你不必。He must be ill.He looks very pale and drawn.他准是病了。他看上去非常苍白憔悴。他准是病了。他看上去非常苍白憔悴。If you m
14、ust go,at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。I cant see things clearly.I have to wear glasses.我看不清东西，不得不戴眼镜。我看不清东西，不得不戴眼镜。Study the grammar.(4)shall的用法。的用法。Shall he come in now?要不要让他现在进来要不要让他现在进来?You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。你必须为你的所作
15、所为受到惩罚。The new law shall come into effect next month.新法将于下个月生效。新法将于下个月生效。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明用于第一、三人称的用于第一、三人称的疑问句中。疑问句中。表示说话者征求对方的意见或向对方请示。表示说话者征求对方的意见或向对方请示。用于第二、三人称的用于第二、三人称的陈述句中。陈述句中。表示说话者的命令、警告、强制、威胁、允诺、表示说话者的命令、警告、强制、威胁、允诺、决心等。颁布法律、法规时也用决心等。颁布法律、法规时也用shall。(5)should和和ought to的用法。的用法。I am
16、 surprised that you should speak ill of me.我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。我很惊讶，你竟然说我坏话。You ought to visit your grandparents this weekend.这周末你应当去看望你祖父母。这周末你应当去看望你祖父母。Its seven oclock.Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明should表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等。表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等
17、。此时意为此时意为“应该应该”。should表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气。表示出乎意料、惊讶的口气。此时意为此时意为“竟然竟然,居然居然”。ought to表示义务、责任、劝告等。表示义务、责任、劝告等。此时意为此时意为“应该应该”,语气比语气比should略重。略重。should和和ought to表示推测。表示推测。指合乎理想的情况或结果指合乎理想的情况或结果,意为意为“按说应该按说应该”。(6)will/would的用法。的用法。If you want to read the book,I will give it to you.如果你想读这本书，我可以给你。如果你想读这本书，我可以给你。W
18、ill/Would you please close the window?请把窗户关上好吗请把窗户关上好吗?Every morning he will/would have a walk along the river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中。与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中。表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。will指现在，指现在，would指过去。指过去。表示征求意见或提出请求。表示征求意见或提出请求。多用于第二人称疑问句中。多用于第二人称疑问句中。wo
19、uld比比will语气委婉。语气委婉。表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势。然趋势。此时意为此时意为“总是；习惯于总是；习惯于”。will指现在指现在,would指指过去。过去。(7)need/dare的用法。的用法。You neednt telephone him now.你现在不必打电话给他。你现在不必打电话给他。She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个人出去。她晚上不敢一个人出去。Study the grammar.用法用法说明说明need和和 dare 既可用作情既可用作情态动词，也态动词，也可用作实义可用作实义动词
20、。动词。need作情态动词时作情态动词时,表示表示“需要需要”,常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句中。中。neednt表示表示“不必不必”;对对need引出的一般疑问句作肯引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时用定回答时用must而不用而不用need，作否定回答时用，作否定回答时用neednt。dare作情态动词时作情态动词时,表示表示“敢敢,胆敢胆敢”,后跟动词原形后跟动词原形,常常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。(8)had better的用法。的用法。had better表示表示“最好最好”，其缩写为，其缩写为“d better”，表示，表示“最好做某事最好做某事
21、”。Its very cold outside.Youd better put on more clothes.外面很冷，你最好多穿些衣服。外面很冷，你最好多穿些衣服。He warned me that I had better not say anything about it.他警告我对此事最好只字不提。他警告我对此事最好只字不提。Study the grammar.结构结构说明说明had better的基本式的基本式had better意为意为“最好最好”“”“应该应该”，后接动词原形。，后接动词原形。had better的否定式的否定式通常将通常将not置于置于had better之后
22、。之后。had better的疑问式的疑问式通常将通常将had置于主语之前。置于主语之前。had better+完成式完成式表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做。表示最好做完某事或本该做某事而未做。过去将来时过去将来时一、过去将来时的含义一、过去将来时的含义 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时的句过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中。过去将来时的句子中有时包含时间状语子中有时包含时间状语the next day、soon等。等。
23、I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。我知道你会同意的。He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 oclock.他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。他许诺两点钟之前不会打开信。Study the grammar.二、过去将来时的用法二、过去将来时的用法1.过去将来时的基本结构是过去将来时的基本结构是“would+动词原形动词原形”，否定式是在，否定式是在would后面加后面加not。The director said he would meet the famous actor the next day.导演说
24、他会在第二天与那个著名演员见面。导演说他会在第二天与那个著名演员见面。2.表示过去将来时的其他结构表示过去将来时的其他结构:was/were going to+动词原形动词原形Mary said she was going to start off at once.玛丽说她将立即出发。玛丽说她将立即出发。was/were to+动词原形动词原形The building was to be completed next month.这座建筑将在下个月竣工。这座建筑将在下个月竣工。Study the grammar.was/were about to+动词原形动词原形We were about t
25、o leave there when it began to rain heavily.我们正要离开，这时候下起了大雨。我们正要离开，这时候下起了大雨。come、go、leave、arrive、start等词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。等词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我。她告诉我她要来看我。He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中常用一般过去
26、时代替过去将来时。在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。She told us that she would not go with us,if it rained.她告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。她告诉我们，如果下雨的话，她就不和我们一起去了。Study the grammar.Step II 应用实践应用实践Fill in the blanks with may,might,can,couldnt.cancouldntcouldntCan maymightMay 1.Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,_ easil
27、y reach the books on the top shelf.2.It was really annoying;I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.3.It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak.4._ I have a word with you?It wont take long.5.You _ feel all the training a waste of time,but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be gra
28、teful for it.6.Life is unpredictable;even the poorest _ become the richest.7._ I smoke in this room?用用will、would、shall、can、must的适当形式填空并写出情态动词的适当形式填空并写出情态动词在后三句中所表达的含义。在后三句中所表达的含义。wont wouldcantshallShall must需要需要禁止禁止推测推测mustntmust1.My parents _ allow me to stay out late.2.He _ get up early when he l
29、ived in the country.3.If you _ come,I _ not tell you the news.4._ I have that book tomorrow?5.You _ practise your spoken English if you want to improve it.表示表示_ 6.You _ break your promise.表示表示_ 7.She _ be tired after such a long walk.表示表示_ 用用“情态动词情态动词+have done”完成句子。完成句子。1.他们一定去过长城，不是吗他们一定去过长城，不是吗?T
30、hey _ to the Great Wall,havent they?2.昨天晚上他不可能看电视昨天晚上他不可能看电视,因为他知道就要考试了。因为他知道就要考试了。He _ TV last night,for he knew he would have a test.3.本来他能够通过考试本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心了。但是他太粗心了。He _ the exam,but he was too careless.must have beencant have watchedcould have passed用过去将来时完成句子。用过去将来时完成句子。1.He said he_(come)t
31、o see me soon.2.I was told that he _(return)home next month.3.It seemed as if it _(be)going to rain.would come/was comingwas going to returnwasRead the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.In the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign countr
32、y without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation _ seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most importantly,you _ stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you
33、should go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _ offer help to travellers in need.Fourth,you _ avoid getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Gettin
34、g caught _ ruin your life.may must can ought to might had better would shouldmayshouldmustcanought towouldmighthad bettermightwouldBoth“would do”and“was/were going to do”can be used to talk about future events or intentions in the past.Complete the following sentences that describe the future using
35、either form of the given verbs.1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera.He _ _(watch)this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ (play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.3.Lily decided that she _(set
36、tle)in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy.I _(call)you.But now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The competition was so close that no one was sure who _(win)the Best Actor award.6.Jim is not here right now.He said he _(be)on duty at the library this afternoonwould watc
37、h/was going to watchwould play/was going to playwould settle/was going to settlewas going to call would winwould be/was going to beStep III 迁移创新迁移创新Work in pairs.Make up a conversation to discuss the scene from The Million Pound Bank Note and share your understanding of the story.Use modal verbs whe
38、n necessary.A:Do you think the two brothers are being kind to Henry?B:No,I think they ought to tell Henry about the bet.A:I agree.It would be the kind thing to do.Henry could end up in jail because of this.B:Yes.Henry had better return the one-million-pound note to them.It might be dangerous for him to keep it.A:But if he doesnt keep it,what should he do?B:I dont know.Maybe he should try to get a job.
