1、Unit 5u动词动词-ing形式包括传统语法中的形式包括传统语法中的动名词动名词和和现在分词现在分词。动。动词词-ing形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词形式具有动词的特征，同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。和副词的特征。u动词动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、主语、宾语、表语和定语宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足状语、宾语补足语和定语语和定语。动词动词-ing形式形式eg Do you know the woman talking to Tom?developing country boil
2、ing water动词动词ing 形式形式的时态和语态的时态和语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doing完成式完成式 not doing being donenot being donehaving donenot having donehaving been donenot having been done二、动词二、动词-ing形式作主语形式作主语 直接置于句直接置于句首，常表示事物化、抽象化概念。首，常表示事物化、抽象化概念。eg 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Learning new words
3、is very important for me.说比做容易。说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.动词动词-ing形式的功能形式的功能动名词作主语时，谓语动词用动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.用形式主语用形式主语it，把真正的主语，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。形式移置句尾。但这种句但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词。名词。eg 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。和夏洛克争辩是没有
4、什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.这事值得去做。这事值得去做。Its worth making the effort.和你一起工作很愉快。和你一起工作很愉快。It is pleasant working with you.常用常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的Th
5、ere is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义归纳归纳 v.-ing形式和形式和to do作主语时的区别作主语时的区别。v-ing形式和形式和to do都可以作主语。都可以作主语。v.-ing形式作主语表示比形式作主语表示比较较抽象的抽象的一般行为，一般行为，to do作主语往往表示作主语往往表示具体的具体的或或一次性一次性的动作。的动作。eg Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。玩火危险。(泛指泛指)Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friends birthday party is my d
6、ream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。I cant stand (work)with Jane in the same office.Its no use (complain)without taking action.(volunteer)just feels so good.(invite)to the party was a great honour to the family.workingcomplainingVolunteeringBeing invite
7、d三、三、动词动词-ing形式作形式作宾语，表示动作的对象，或代替宾语，表示动作的对象，或代替it作真作真正的宾语。正的宾语。常跟动词常跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：形式作宾语的动词：avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期避免错过少延期advise，finish，practise 建议完成多练习建议完成多练习enjoy，imagine，cant help 喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住admit，deny，envy 承认否承认否定与嫉妒定与嫉妒escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅逃避冒险莫原谅stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意忍受保持不介意
8、 作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介形式作介词的宾语：词的宾语：be good at擅长；擅长；dream of梦想；梦想；care about在乎；在乎；aim at瞄准；瞄准；be concerned about关心；关心；be interested in对对感兴趣；感兴趣；feel like想要；想要；insist on坚持；坚持；think of认为；认为；set about开始做；开始做；be used to习惯于；习惯于；get down to开始做；开始做；lead to导致；导致；stick to 坚持；坚持；devot
9、e oneself to 献身于献身于；look forward to 期待；期待；pay attention to注意；注意；give up放弃等。放弃等。在以下结构中，动词在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend.(in)doing花费花费做某事做某事have difficulty/trouble(in)doing.做做有困难有困难/麻烦麻烦stop/prevent.(from)doing阻止阻止做某事做某事waste time(in)doing浪费时间做某事浪费时间做某事be busy(in)doing忙于做某事忙于做某事have
10、a good/hard time(in)doing高兴做某事高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事费了很大劲做某事There is no point(in)doing做某事毫无意义做某事毫无意义用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Im looking forward to (hear)from you.He devotes himself to (look)into the matter.She likes spending much money (buy)clothes for herself.hearinglookingbuying 动词动词-ing形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情
11、况形式作主语、宾语时的几个特殊情况：(1)动词动词-ing的复合结构的复合结构 eg His/Toms being late made the teacher very angry.Would you mind my/me closing the window?Would you mind Marys/Mary closing the window?名师点津名师点津动词动词-ing的复合结构的否定形式为：的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词/代词代词(宾格宾格)/名词名词/名词的所有格名词的所有格not doing.。Jerrys not arriving on time
12、made the people present angry.（2）有些动词既可以跟动词）有些动词既可以跟动词-ing形式形式，又可以跟，又可以跟不定式不定式做宾语。做宾语。动词动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词-ing作宾语，作宾语，意义基本相同意义基本相同。They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.动词动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语，但接和不定式作宾语，但接动词动词-ing表示表示经常性
13、经常性的情况，接不定式表示的情况，接不定式表示具体具体的动作。的动作。I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯习惯)It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体具体)一些动词后既可跟动词一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别意义有很大差别。(3)用用it作作形式宾语形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词，真正的宾语是动词-ing形式。形式。I found it useless/no use a
14、rguing about it.Do you consider it any good trying again?(4)在动词在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词后，用动词-ing形式表示形式表示被动被动意义，即意义，即need/require/want/deserve doingneed/require/want/deserve to be done。These clothes need washing.These clothes need to be washed.The house requires repairing.The house requires
15、to be repaired.(5)在在(be)worth后面只能用后面只能用动词动词-ing形式形式来表示来表示被动被动意义。意义。The film is worth seeing a second time.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。(1)I remember (see)her before，but I cant remember when it was.You must remember (tell)Jackson the news tonight.(2)I didnt mean (visit)him yesterday afternoon.Giving u
16、p your plan means (lose)a large amount of money.(3)All of us stopped (talk)when we saw our teacher come in.She felt thirsty，so she stopped (get)a drink of water.seeingto tellto visitlosingtalkingto get四、动词四、动词ing形式作表语形式作表语作表语的动词作表语的动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。形式包括现在分词和动名词。1动名词动名词(短语短语)作表语，表示作表语，表示抽象抽象的的一般性一般性
17、的行为，用来说的行为，用来说明主语的明主语的内容内容，与主语通常是，与主语通常是同一概念同一概念，表语和主语常可，表语和主语常可互换位置。互换位置。One of his weaknesses is telling lies.Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.His hobby is reading books in his spare time.Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.2现在分词现在分词(短语短语)作表语，表示主语的某种作表语，表示主语的某种性质性质和和特征特征，这，这类分词通常可以看作
18、类分词通常可以看作形容词形容词。Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure.The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.名师点津名师点津作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情感情或或情绪情绪的动词变化而来的。的动词变化而来的。常见的有：常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surp
19、rising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing.这类分词有这类分词有“令人令人的的”的含义，常修饰物。的含义，常修饰物。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。Going into hospital can be very (frighten)for a child.Henrys job is (teach)physics in a local middle school.Your task is (clean)the old car over there on your own.frighteningteaching/to teachcleaning五
20、、动词五、动词ing作定语作定语1动名词动名词(短语短语)作定语，表示名词的作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途属性、作用或用途，作，作“供供用用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。There is a swimming pool in our school.Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.2.现在分词现在分词(短语短语)作作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征、用定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征、用途或所修饰的人途或所修饰的人/事物的动作、状态事物的动作、状态及物动词及物动词-ing形式作定形
21、式作定语语与被修饰的名词为与被修饰的名词为逻辑上的主动关系，逻辑上的主动关系，I have never seen a more moving movie.不及物动词不及物动词-ing形式作定形式作定语语表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行The woman sending her children to school is my history teacher.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。The topic (discuss)now has drawn some experts attention.Grandma came into my bedroom with a
22、(walk)stick in her hand.being discussedwalking六、动词六、动词ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语动词动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行正在进行的动作或的动作或经常存在经常存在的状的状态。动词态。动词ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。1动词动词ing位于位于感官动词感官动词后：后：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe 等。等。I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.When h
23、e passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming in it.名师点津名师点津在在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用等感官动词后，用动词动词-ing形式形式作宾语补足作宾语补足语表示动作语表示动作正在进行正在进行；用；用省略省略to的不定式的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到从开始到结束的全过程结束的全过程。I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行动作正在进行)I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night
24、.(动作全过程动作全过程)2动词动词ing位于位于使役动词使役动词后：后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。等。She couldnt have him getting away with telling lies.Please dont keep the little boy staying alone.3用于用于with复合结构复合结构中。中。I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on.With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous.句型转换。
25、句型转换。As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.，we will have a better and better life.I saw that they were coming across the street.I saw the street.I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.I stood on the bridge and watched With time passing bythem coming acrossboats pas
26、sing by七、动词七、动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语1作作时间状语时间状语。Hearing the news，he couldnt help laughing.When he heard the news，he couldnt help laughing.2作作原因状语原因状语。Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.As I dont know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.3作作条件状语条件状语。Working hard，y
27、oull surely succeed.If you work hard，youll surely succeed.4作作结果状语结果状语。The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.名师点津名师点津现在分词现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然自然结果结果，而，而不定式不定式作结果状语时常表示作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果出乎意料的结果，有
28、时，有时前面可以加前面可以加only。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.5作作让步状语让步状语。Having been told many times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart.Although he had been told many times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart.6作作伴随状语伴随状语。Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.Mo
29、rris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches.The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches.7作作方式状语方式状语。He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。他跑回来告诉我这个消息。名师点津名师点津动词动词-ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当形式作状语时
30、，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作作伴随状语伴随状语及及结果状语结果状语时，可转化为时，可转化为并列谓语并列谓语。句型转换。句型转换。It rained heavily and it caused great damage.It rained heavily，After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.，the boy rushed out.All night long he lay awake and he thought of the problem.All night long he lay awake，causing great
31、damageHaving eaten his dinnerthinking of the problem8现在分词作状语时的注意事项现在分词作状语时的注意事项(1)现在分词的现在分词的时态时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式一般式(doing)，还是用，还是用完成式完成式(having done)。当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生同时发生时，用分词时，用分词的的一般式一般式。Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.当现
32、在分词的动作当现在分词的动作先发生先发生，而谓语动词的动作，而谓语动词的动作后发生后发生时，时，用分词的用分词的完成式完成式。Having finished the letter，he went to post it.(having finished是先发生的，是先发生的，went是后发生的是后发生的)(2)现在分词的现在分词的语态语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词现在分词和句子主语之间的关系和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语。Having been shown around the
33、 factory，they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式)Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的现在分词的主动式主动式)(3)动词动词-ing形式的形式的否定式否定式：notv.-ing；not havingv.-edNot knowing this，he didnt come.Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.(4)现在分词作现在分词作评注性状语评注性状语有些现在分词在句中有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主
34、语没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点说话者的态度、观点等。等。例如：例如：generally speaking“一般来说一般来说”，judging by/from.“从从判断判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全局考虑从全局考虑”。Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。用括号内动词的正确形式填空。(work)for
35、three hours，he took a rest.Tom came (dash)into the room with some film tickets in his hand.(spend)all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.Having workeddashingHaving spent1.(talk)with your kid heart to heart is very important.2.The bird narrowly escaped (shoot)by the hunter.3.It is no use
36、 (regret)your past mistakes.4.My parents dont allow us (watch)violent TV programs.5They are planning to build a (swim)pool for the kids.6The student (talk)with the foreigners over there is our monitor.being shotregrettingTalking.单句语法填空。单句语法填空。to watchswimmingtalking7With the temperature (rise)，the l
37、eaves and grass begin to appear.8 (see)from the tower，the city looks very beautiful.9 (work)harder at English，youll make greater progress.10 (finish)the work ahead of time，we have to work hard.SeenWorkingrisingTo finish1总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。In a word，is considered an imp
38、ortant thing.2当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。After the man finished ，he looked at his friend.3李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。Li Ming has always been dreaming of in the future.reading the letterstarting his own businessgetting along well with your classmates.完成句子。完成句子。4因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再
39、犯同样的错误。因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。，he made a promise that he wouldnt make the same mistake.5因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。，he didnt want to argue with him.6被雨淋后他感冒了。被雨淋后他感冒了。He was caught in the rain，thus Respecting his fathermaking himself catch a coldHaving apologized to his teacher for his
40、 rude manners7玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。Mary sat by the window of the classroom，8因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。，I know everyone quite well.9她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。Her job is as clean as possible.10我们让火整夜燃烧着。我们让火整夜燃烧着。We all night long.Having lived in the village for yearskeeping
41、 the lecture hallreading a bookkept the fire burningReplace each underlined part with a suitable-ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the-ing form.When is each one used?1.When he got out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the
42、 floor.When getting out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor.vi.滑到；滑到；滑落；溜走滑落；溜走n.浴缸；浴盆浴缸；浴盆2.Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week?3.She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made he very careful while using hairdryers.Is the
43、re any reason for not having the first-aid training this week?Having been told about the risk of electric shocks,she was very careful while using hairdryers.4.Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents,he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.5.After she had been bitten by mosquito
44、es,she applied some medicine to her skin.Not being watched carefully by his parents,the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/having been bitten by mosquitoes,she applied some medicine to her skin.n.蚊子蚊子主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doingnot doing being donenot be
45、ing done完成式完成式having donenot having donehaving been donenot having been doneComplete the passage with the correct forms of the given words.What happened to Mrs Tayor?Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman _(live)alone.One day,she was in her living room cleaning the windows,when suddenly she could no longer
46、 feel the right side of her body._(try)to walk to her sofa to sit down,she fell over onto the carpet.Then she realised that she could not get up,and that she was having troule _(breathe).livingTryingbreathingadj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的年纪较大的；上了年纪的n.地毯地毯Fortunately,she had her mobile phone with her,and she was ab
47、le to reach it with her left hand while _(lie)on the floor.Her mobile phone _(already,set up)to call an emergency number at the push of a button,so it was easy to call for help.While attempting to talk to the operator(n.电话接线员；电话接线员；操作员操作员),Mrs Tayor discovered that she could not speak._(not,hear)an
48、answer,the operator knew that Mrs Tayor must be in trouble.Telling Mrs Tayor that everything would be OK,lyingwas already set upNot hearingshe immediately sent an ambulance.After _(arrive),the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Tayor and without delay gave he oxygen,put in an IV needle,and checked her
49、 vital signs._(take)to the hospital and treated immediately,Mrs Tayors health was in no great danger,though she had to stay in the hospital ward.After a week,her _(frighten)experience was over,and she was allowed to go home.arrivingHaving been takenfrighteningn.救护车救护车vi.&vt.推迟；延期推迟；延期n.针；注射针针；注射针n.病
50、房病房 What is the function of each ing form you used?Among all the structures filled in,which is different from the others?Why?Can you find more ing forms in the passage?What are their functions in the sentences?How many different structures did you use in the passage?What are they?Did you find any st
