1、人教选择性必修第三册 Unit 3 Discover Useful Structures学习目标学习目标12To learn and master the conversion rules of direct speech and indirect speech To convert some sentence patterns of direct speech into indirect speech according to different contexts目标一：目标一：To learn and master the conversion rules of direct speech
2、 and indirect speechActivity 1:Work in groups.Look at the sentences in both columns discuss the differences between each pair.Direct SpeechIndirect Speech1The expert said,From the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.The expert said that from the position of its dead
3、body,the bear appeared to have starved and died.2The reporter asked,Will polar bears die out because of climate change?The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.3The reporter asked,How can we save polar bears from extinction?The reporter asked how we could save p
4、olar bears from extinction.4Lets work together to stop climate change,the expert said.The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.1.What are different between the two sentences?2.How does the punctuation change in each sentence?3.How does the tense change in each sentence?4.Why sho
5、uld we change the verbs sometimes?5.In what situations should we use the indirect speech?Activity 2:Summarise the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech.The contents of the table below may help you.Observation objectExamplesPerson He said,I like it very much.He said that he liked it v
6、ery much.He said to me,Ive left my book in your room.He told me that he had left his book in my room.Tense I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said,Im using a knife.The boy said that he was usin
7、g a knife.They said,We saw her in the street.They said that they had seen her in the street.Observation objectExamplesVerb/Demonstrative pronoun The lawyer said,I will come this morning.The lawyer said that she/he would go that morning.He said,These books are mine.He said that those books were his.C
8、onjunction She said,Did you see him last night?She asked(me)whether I had seen him the night before.He said,Dont make so much noise,boys.He told the boys not to make so much noise.Temporal adverbial She said,It is nine oclock now.She said that it was nine oclock then.She said,I went there yesterday.
9、She said that she had gone there the day before.Direct SpeechIndirect Speech 直接引语：直接引述别人的话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。e.g.John said,Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）【点拨点拨】直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中
10、的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的变化。一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。e.g.Mr.Smith said:Jack is a good worker.Mr.Smith said Jack was a good worker.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外
11、的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。e.g.He said to Kate,How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。e.g.She said.My brother wants to go with me.She said her brother wanted to go with her.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时
12、态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。e.g.She said,I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen.She said,We hope so.She said they hoped so.She said,He will go to see his friend.She said he would go to see his friend.（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时时态
13、变化规律时态变化规律三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then,yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that)。e.g.He said,These books are mine.He said those books were his.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：指示代词：this that these those 表示时间的词：now then t
14、oday that day this week(month,etc)that week(month,etc)yesterday the day before last week(month)the week(month)before ago before tomorrow the next(following)day next week(month)the next(following)week(month)表地点的词：here there 动词：bring take come go四、如何变句型：四、如何变句型：直接引语是陈述句，间接引语用连接词 that 引导，that 可省略。e.g.H
15、is mother said to me,“Mr Harry is in charge of the work.”His mother told me that Mr Harry was in charge of the work.直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语用 whether/if 引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，谓语动词 say(said)改为 ask(asked)。e.g.Mr Tonny said to me,“Are your injuries severe?”Mr Tonny asked me if/whether my injuries were severe.直接引语是特殊疑问句
16、，间接引语用原来的疑问词引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序。e.g.Mary asked me,“When did the British prince become infected with the disease?”Mary asked me when the British prince became infected with the disease.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为 ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do sth.句式。e.g.He said,“Dont subscribe to her view.”He told me not to subscribe t
17、o her view.【注意注意】祈使句中的 please 在间接引语中必须省略。e.g.“Please pass me the pump,”he said to her.He asked her to pass him the pump.直接引语是客观事实、真理、规律等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。e.g.The teacher told his students,“The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher told his students that the earth goes round the sun.目标二：目标二：To convert so
18、me sentence patterns of direct speech into indirect speech according to different contexts Activity 1:Here are some statements and questions by children who attended scientific lectures.NameStatements/QuestionsDianeWhat made Hurricane Katrina unusual?Was it the worst natural disaster in American his
19、tory?MarthaI want to become a scientist and help the world.Im doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.Task 1 Guess who they were talking to and then change the sentences into indirect speech.NameStatements/QuestionsBobWhy is nuclear power a sensitive topic?Could you explain how t
20、he nuclear disaster happened?LauraHow many animals have disappeared because of human hunting?What can we do to help the wild animals?VincentIve never been to the Amazon Jungle.Will scientists discover new species there?Answers:NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDiane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina
21、unusual.Diane asked if/whether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.MarthaMartha said/told me that she wanted to become a scientist and help the world.Martha said/told me(that)she was doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.BobBob asked why nuclear power was
22、 a sensitive topic.Bob asked if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.LauraLaura asked how many animals had disappeared because of human hunting.Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.VincentVincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.Vincen
23、t said if/whether scientists would discover new species there.Task 2 In groups of three,organise an interview show.One acts as Diane/Martha/Bob/Laura/Vincent,one acts as an elderly person who is hard of hearing,and the third acts as a grandson or granddaughter of the elderly person.Example:Diane:Wha
24、t made Hurricane Katrina unusual?An elderly person:What did she say?The grandson or granddaughter:Diane asked what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.Activity 2:Work in groups.Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do.Then report to the class.
25、MichelleI always use my cloth bag when I go shopping,rather than use plastic bags.JackI often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.SallyDont print out documents unless really necessary.JoeWould it be best to share books with others?EXAMPLEI asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives.Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking a taxi.Joe advised us to share books with others.Sally asked us 学习总结学习总结Now share the conversion rules of direct speech and indirect speech.
