1、人教选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Review Useful Structures学习目标学习目标12To review and consolidate the passive voice of verbsTo use passive voice appropriately in a text 目标一：目标一：To review and consolidate the passive voice of verbsActivity 1:Scan the reading text and underline all the verbs in the passive voice.was going
2、 to be tested out;to be harmed;was being looked after;was being offered;was not allowed;was being treated badly;to be discovered by her;was being completely transformedActivity 2:Observe the following sentences,and then finish the two tasks.Task 1 Change the passive voice into the active voice.It wa
3、s going to be tested out by Larrys wife,Claire.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.As he was not
4、allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Larrys wife,Claire was going to test out it.A robot that looked so human was looking after her,and it was disturbing.Claire thought it was ridiculous that a robot was offering sympathy to
5、 her,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.As she didnt allow him to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Task 2 Work in pairs.Discuss with a partner why the passive voice is used.The passive voice i
6、s used to focus on the person or object that experiences an action rather than the person or object that performs the action.It is used when we dont know the performer,or the performer is unimportant(and therefore omitted),or the performer is to be highlighted(and therefore placed toward the end).Th
7、e Passive Voice 被动语态被动语态1.语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。2.英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者承受者。Some trees are planted by us every year.3.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象 的及物动词才有被动语态。承受者承受者执行者执行者一、被动语态的相关概念一、被动语态的相关概念二、主动句与被动句的转换二、主动句与被动句的转换We plant these trees.These trees are planted b
8、y us.主语主语宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾语三、被动语态的构成三、被动语态的构成现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：时态时态被动语态的构成被动语态的构成一般式一般现在时be(am,is,are)told一般过去时be(was,were)told一般将来时shall/will be told过去将来时should/would be told进行式现在进行时be(am,is,are)being told过去进行时be(was,were)being told完成式现在完成时have/has been told过去完成时had been told四、特殊结构的被动形式四、特殊结构的被动形式(1)双宾动词
9、的被动结构 双宾动词变为被动结构时,一般将主动结构中的间接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,直接宾语不变。如将主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,间接宾语之前则应加介词to或for。e.g.He gave her some money.She was given some money.Some money was given to her.(2)带复合宾语的动词的被动结构 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时,一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。e.g.His father called him Jack.He was called Jac
10、k by his father.(3)带情态动词的被动语态，由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。e.g.The problem may be solved in a number of different ways.In our school,library books must be returned in two weeks.(4)“be+过去分词+不定式”的被动结构 e.g.He is reported to have broken a world record.She is said to know three languages.(5)“it+be+过去分词+从句”式的被动
11、结构 e.g.Its said that she has some supernatural powers.Its reported that they have discovered a new star.常见的结构还有：It is known that.众所周知It is suggested that.有人建议It is believed that.人们相信(6)“get+done”构成被动语态 用来表示状态或情况,常考的形式如：get married 结婚 get engaged 订婚 get hurt/wounded 受伤 get lost 迷路 get drunk 喝醉了 get c
12、aught/stuck/trapped 被困 get dressed 穿好衣服 get run over 被(车)轧五、主动形式表示被动意义五、主动形式表示被动意义1)有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义。a.某些连系动词，如feel,look,prove,smell,sound,taste 等。e.g.The food tasted better than it looked.b.某些与cant,wont 等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等。e.g.It cant move.The door wont shut.c.某些可与well,easily 等副词连用的不及物
13、动词，如read,write,wash 等。e.g.My new pen writes well.The cloth doesnt wash easily.2)非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义a.在“be+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。常见形容词有：cheap,easy,comfortable,difficult,hard,light,heavy,expensive,pleasant,interesting,fit 等。e.g.The question is difficult to answer.Volleyball
14、is very interesting to watch.b.在be worth doing 和be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.The film is well worth seeing.The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.c.当want,need,require 表示“需要”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.The carpet really wants cleaning(=to be c
15、leaned).Most house plants require watering(=to be watered).六、六、不能用于被动语态的情况不能用于被动语态的情况1)谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,benefit,lack等。2)谓语是不可拆开的take place,consist of,lose heart,belong to等短语动词。3)宾语是无实意的代词it。4)宾语是表示身体的某一部分的名词。5)宾语是某些抽象名词。6)have在任何情况下都不能用于被动语态。7)一般来说，当动词的宾语是动词-ing形式或者是不定式时不能变成被动语态。8)将来进行时
16、和完成进行时没有被动语态。如果遇到这种情况时，可以用一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态来代替。目标二：目标二：To use passive voice appropriately in a textActivity 1:Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets.1.What is done cannot _.(undo)2.Janet _ chairwoman of the student union last month.(elect)3.Two hundred grammes of flour
17、 should _ to the cake mix.(add)4.A 3,000-seat venue _ for the circus performance in November.(build)be undonewas electedbe addedwas built/will be built5.Working efficiency _ since this new software was adopted.(improve)6.Only one piece of carry-on luggage _ for each economy class passenger.(allow)7.
18、It is a great honour for me to _ to address this international AI conference.(invite)8.When I entered the room,I found that the salesmans salary _ at the meeting.(discuss)9.With exams being adapted into Braille,a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance E
19、xamination.He is expected to _ to a top university.(admit)has been improvedis allowedbe invitedwas being discussedbe admittedNow try to translate these sentences into Chinese.1.覆水难收。2.珍妮特上个月被选为学生会主席。3.蛋糕料里需要加入200克面粉。4.十一月将建成一个可容纳三千人的马戏团表演场地。5.由于采用了这种新软件，工作效率得到了提高。6.每位经济舱乘客只能随身携带一件行李。7.我很荣幸能被邀请在这个国际人
20、工智能大会上发言。8.我进入会议室时候发现正在讨论销售员的工资问题。9.随着盲文考试的实施，一位高中的视障学生在高考中获得了630分(满分650分)。他有望被一所顶尖大学录取。Activity 2:Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.explore translate discover regard represent set up recruit write get caught up
21、connectScience fiction _ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and _.The Three-Body Problem,_ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin,is one of those astonishing predictions about the future.The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a t
22、hree-volume book in 2008.When the first volume _ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu,it attracted attention around the world,becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel.The book _ many themes such as space exploration,alien contact,AI,and the future of humans.is rega
23、rdedexploredwrittenwas translatedrepresentsThe Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people,Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao.Ye _ to join a secret project in a remote area of China,which _ to contact alien life forms.In the other story,set 20 years later,Wang Miao _ in a popular online
24、game called Three Body,in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns.But Wang discovers it is more than a game it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence.How are these two peoples stories _?And how will their behaviour change Earths future and the civilisations of other planets?Answers to all these questions are waiting to _ when you go on reading.is recruitedhas been set upgets caught upconnectedbe discovered学习总结学习总结Have you mastered the usage of the passive voice in a specific context?
