1、To do(Infinitives)语法导入-to do动词谓语非谓语donedoingto do非谓语动词非谓语动词After school,we went home while we talked and laughed at the same time.时间时间特征特征1 1 ：非谓语动词和谓语动词同时发生：非谓语动词和谓语动词同时发生-ingingAfter school,we went home talking and laughing.非谓语动词“负鼠装死逃生负鼠装死逃生”The possum played dead so that it could escape.时间时间特征特征
2、2 2：非谓语动词在谓语动词之后（动词不定式）：非谓语动词在谓语动词之后（动词不定式）The possum played dead to escape.非谓语动词“自从得了精神病，整个人精神多了自从得了精神病，整个人精神多了。”Since I became a psyche,I have always been in high spirits.时间时间特征特征3 3：非谓语动词先于谓语动词：非谓语动词先于谓语动词 （明显先后关系（明显先后关系）Having become a psyche,I have always been in high spirits.非谓语动词I have never
3、head a song sung so terribly.I have never heard a person sing so terribly.非谓语动词充当宾补时，根据非谓语动词充当宾补时，根据宾语宾语判断主动判断主动被动被动 非谓语动词Playing the King of Glory,I am no match for a primary student.Played throughout the country,the King of Glory is the most successful game.非谓语动词充当状语时，根据非谓语动词充当状语时，根据主语主语判断主动被动判断主动
4、被动非谓语动词The girl eating durian on bus was despised.It is hard to imagine the amount of durian eaten every year.非谓语动词充当定语时，根据非谓语动词充当定语时，根据被修饰词被修饰词判断主动被动判断主动被动非谓语动词基本公式to do-:He promised to make greater efforts in the future.doing-:Walking in the rain,she felt quite tranquil.done-:This is the first tim
5、e I have heard the song sung in French.to be done-:These are the words to be studied tomorrow.being done-:The boy being scolded is Xiaoming.having done-:Having finished the letter,she folded it.having been done-:I forgot once having been taken to the sea.To do主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式时间特征时间特征一般式一般式to doto be
6、 done不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生发生或在其后发生进行式进行式to be doing/不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生发生完成式完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前之前To do1.节约时间就是延长生命。节约时间就是延长生命。_.2.仰望星空，人们总是想要更多地了解太空。仰望星空，人们总是想要更多地了解太空。_.3.我们认为我们认为Tom是我们班最棒的学生之一。是我们班最棒的学生之一。_
7、.To save time is to lengthen life.Looking at the stars,people have always wanted to learn more about space.We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.主语表语宾语宾语补足语To do4.了解西方艺术最好的了解西方艺术最好的方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。方法就是回顾若干个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。_5.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭
8、愿望永不磨灭。_6.他们制造运载工具，把勇敢者送入太空，去探索宇宙的秘密。他们制造运载工具，把勇敢者送入太空，去探索宇宙的秘密。_ The best way to understand Western Art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.These disasters made everyone sad
9、and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.定语定语状语表语 1.作主语、宾语、表语，宾补To doInfinitives 2.作定语 3.作状语动词不定式做表语1.Our plan is to make better use of these materials.2.His burning ambition was to study medicine.3.The best way to understand Western Art is to look at the development of Wes
10、tern painting over the centuries.1.解释抽象名词：解释抽象名词：主语主语是以是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,ambition,idea,intention,purpose,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名词为中心词的名等抽象名词为中心词的名词词词组后面词组后面的不定式说明其内容的不定式说明其内容动词不定式做表语1.What I suggest is to turn to your teacher for help.2.解释解释what 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 表示将来的内容表示将来的内容2.W
11、hat I hate most is being laughed at.动词不定式做表语1.All she wanted is to be left alone,enjoying some time reading.2.The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.3.当当主语包含主语包含定语从句定语从句且先行词为代词且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式或形容词最高级形式the least,the most时，其后可接时，其后可接“系动词系动词+不定式不定式”作句子的表语。作句子的表语。动词不定式做表语1.All we ne
12、ed to do is live every day with hope and aim.2.What they attempt to do was no longer show reality,but instead to ask the question,“What is art?”3.The only thing I can do is accompany you to the end of the world.不定式作表语省略不定式作表语省略to的情况：的情况：1.all 作主句主语，其后的定语从句中作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时；2.
13、what 引导主语从句，从句中引导主语从句，从句中含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时；3.主句主语被主句主语被only，first，one，least 或形容词最高级修饰时，且其后或形容词最高级修饰时，且其后作定语的从句或短语中作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词含有实义动词do的某种形式时的某种形式时动词不定式做定语Translate sentences and Appreciate the usage1.明天将要明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。_2.The airport _(complete)next year will help
14、promote tourism in this area.All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.to be completed 不定式作定语：不定式作定语：一般位于所修饰词的后面；表示还未发生的动作一般位于所修饰词的后面；表示还未发生的动作动词不定式做定语Appreciate the usage1.China became the third country in the world _(send)humans into space in 2003 independen
15、tly.2.It is recognized that he is the best man _(do)the job.3.He is the only one _(survive)the accident.4.He is always the first _(come)and last _(leave).1.名词名词被特定词被特定词修饰修饰当名词被序数词，形容词最高级或当名词被序数词，形容词最高级或 the only,the next,the last,the right修饰，修饰，且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定式主动形式作定语。且该名词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者时，用不定
16、式主动形式作定语。to send to do to survive to come to leave 动词不定式做定语Appreciate the usage1.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire _(explore)the universe never died.2.Practice is the only way _(learn)a language well.3.In the past,women had no chance _(go)to school.2 2.特定特定抽象名词抽象名词 ab
17、ility,chance,opportunity,belief,way,right,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream等后等后常用动词不定式做定语。常用动词不定式做定语。to explore to explore to go 动词不定式做定语Appreciate the usage1.We dont have enough paper to write on.2.There is nothing to worry about.3.Give me a pen to write with4.He is looking for a room to live in.3.3
18、.不定式不定式加加介词介词作作定语定语作定语的作定语的动词不定式如果动词不定式如果是是vi.或者不定式或虽然是或者不定式或虽然是vt.但不能与被修饰但不能与被修饰词构成动宾关系，不定式词构成动宾关系，不定式后面须有相应的介词。后面须有相应的介词。动词不定式做定语1.He is the only one to survive the accident.2.She has a meeting to attend today.3.The desire to explore the universe never died.主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系动词不定式做定语1.I cant
19、 go out this afternoon,because I have many materials to type.2.The boss told me that he had many materials to be typed.3.Do you have any clothes to wash?4.Do you have any clothes to be washed?当不定式当不定式与修饰的名词与修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的构成动宾关系，且和句中的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑上的主谓主谓关系时，用主动形式表被动意义；若没有逻辑
20、上的主谓关系或不关系或不确定确定逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。逻辑主语是谁时，仍用被动语态。动词不定式作定语1.We are having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _(make)at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2.Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.3.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity
21、_(explore)society of real-life experience.4.I have a lot of readings _(complete)before the end of this term.高考连接高考连接to be madeto change to exploreto complete动词不定式做状语 目的状语Appreciate the usage1.To learn a language well,you must make painstaking efforts.2.In order to catch the first bus,he got up early
22、.3.We work hard so as to be admitted into a key university and pursue what we want.不定式作不定式作目的目的状语状语可用可用in order to/so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。一般不用于句首。动词不定式做状语 结果状语Appreciate the usage1.He arrived at the train station,only to find the train had alre
23、ady left.2.The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.3.She is so proud as to look down upon others4.Im such a fool as to think that she is a warm-hearted woman.5.You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.不定式作不定式作结果状语结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用，表示出乎意料的结果；有时也可用only to,too
24、.to,enough to,so.as to 来表示结果状语。来表示结果状语。动词不定式做状语 原因状语Appreciate the usage1.He was astonished to hear the news.2.Im disappointed to hear you lack the patience.3.The author is content to live a simple life.4.We are shocked to know that he died in the air crash.不定式作不定式作原因状语原因状语，常用于，常用于“主语主语+be+形容词形容词+to
25、 do”结构中，此结构中，此类形容词多是类形容词多是glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的等表示喜怒哀乐的形形容词容词,表示产生情绪的原因。表示产生情绪的原因。动词不定式作状语1._(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.2.Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only _(find)it didnt fit.3.Group activities wi
26、ll be organised after class _(help)children develop team spirit.4.George returned after the war,only _(tell)that his wife had left him.5.This machine is very easy _(operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.6.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.高考连接高考连接To
27、 maketo findto helpto be toldto operateto findHello,my dear friends!I am greatly honoured _(share)the event with you.The theme of the activity is _(introduce)Chinese traditional culture.During this month,there will be various activities for you _(experience)the rich and colorful Chinese culture.You
28、will have a chance _(make)paper-cutting or _(appreciate)Chinese arts.There will be some lectures for you _(attend),_ is beneficial to your understanding about China._(learn)more about China,dont hesitate _(contact)us and be the first _(sign)up for the activity.to shareto introduceto experienceto maketo appreciateInfinitive as attribute and adverbial:Exercise语篇演练语篇演练to attendTo learnwhichto contactto sign主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式to doto be done进行进行式式to be doing完成完成式式to have doneto have been done完成进行完成进行式式to have been doing 动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态Infinitive as attribute:Summary
