1、外 研 版 必 修第一册 Unit 2 Period 2Grammar&Vocabulary学习目标学习目标12To know the word formation rules in English;To know the differences between American English and British English in spelling and words choice.目标一目标一:To know the word formation rules in English.Activity 1:Read the sentences below and say the usa
2、ge of the words in bold.Her expression changed when she heard the news.Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.They asked a great many questions about England.It never occurs to them to question the doctors decisions.Would you please dry my clothes in the sun?We will try our best to be
3、tter our living conditions.He got first place in the final.She speaks Italian like a native.(1)change在句中用作_，在句中用作_；(2)question在句中用作_，在句中用作_；(3)dry,better通常用作形容词，在句和句中dry,better都用作_；(4)final和black通常用作形容词，在句和句中的final和black都用作_。动词名词名词动词动词名词Summary:【拓展】转化法：把一种词性转化为另一种词性，词形不变。转化后的词义可以通过原词义推断出来。a.动词转化为名词L
4、ets talk about it.(咱们谈谈这件事吧。)I think wed better finish the talk now.(我想我们现在最好结束谈话。)b.名词转化为动词She gave me a glass of water.(她给了我一杯水。)You should water the flowers twice a week.(你应该每周给这些花浇两次水。)c.形容词转化为名词She is wearing a black dress.(她穿着一条黑色的裙子。)The girl in black is very beautiful.(那个穿黑衣服的女孩很漂亮。)d.形容词转化为
5、动词Tom is a brave man.(Tom是一个勇敢的人。)He always braves the difficulties in life.(他一直勇敢地面对生活中的困难。)Activity 2:Look at the words below,and summarize the rules.possible（可能的）impossible（不可能的）understand（理解）misunderstand（误解）tradition（传统）traditional（传统的）teach（教）teacher（教师）home（家）town（城镇）hometown（家乡）black（黑色的）boa
6、rd（板子）blackboard（黑板）World Trade Organization WTOas soon as possibleASAP advertisement adlaboratorylab(1)第组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加_构成的，后边单词词性一般_；(2)第组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的单词加_构成的，后边单词词性一般_；(3)第组单词中，后面的单词是由前面的两个单词_而成的。(4)第组词汇是由前面词汇的_得来；(5)第组单词是由前面单词_得来Summary:前缀不改变后缀改变合并首字母缩写截短【拓展】1 派生法：在词根上加前缀或后缀，构成新词。前缀和后缀有一定的含义
7、或功能，有助于推测新词的词义。一些常见的前缀、后缀及其含义或功能如下。词缀含义/功能例词前缀dis-不disagreeim-,in-不impossible,inexpensiveinter-在.之间；相互internationalmis-错误地misunderstandnon-不，非non-smokerpre-在.之前previewre-再，重新retellun-不unable后缀-er,-or（做某事）的人，.者dancer,actor-ment表示动作、状态、结果development-ship表示技能、地位、性质friendship-tion表示结果reflection-able表示可.
8、的，有.性质的comfortable-ful表示充满.性质的useful-less表示无、没有careless-ous表示有.特性的nervous-ly表示方式carefully2 合成法：把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词合成一个新词，构词方式较灵活。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的单词的词义推测出来。a.合成名词news+paper=newspaper hair+cut=haircutb.合成动词baby+sit=babysit over+look=overlookc.合成形容词heart+felt=heartfelt kind+hearted=kind-heartedd.其他合成词ev
9、ery+one=everyone through+out=throughout3 缩写：用单词或短语的部分内容指代整体。a.首字母缩写United NationsUNAsia-Pacific Economic CooperationAPECb.单词截短telephonephone aeroplaneplanekilogramkilo laboratorylabinfluenzaflu refrigeratorfridgeActivity 3:Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage.Match the word
10、s in bold to the types of word formation.a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.b .sculpt a sculpture.c When we.see rain.,we can say“its raining”.d WHO()1 abbreviating()2 changing the part of speech()3 adding a prefix or suffix()4 combining two or more wordsdcbaNow look for more examples of
11、each type in the reading passage.More examples in the reading passage:1 abbreviating:IT,US2 changing the part of speech:When we.see.snow,we can say.“its snowing”.3 adding a prefix or suffix:paint painting,soft softly,harm harmless/harmful,shame shameless/shameful,visible invisible4 combining two or
12、more words:hamburger,eggplant,seasick,airsick,carsick,homesick,homework,houseworkActivity 4:Complete the passage with the help of word formation.When you open a dictionary,you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words.You might think this is a bit scary.But many of them are formed using other simp
13、ler words.This is called word formation.Words formed by combining other words are called compounds,for example,l_(a friend that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen)and 2_(known by many people).Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings.If you add un-or in-to a word,the new word usu
14、ally means the opposite.For example,if something isnt correct its 3_,and if someone isnt happy theyre 4_.Words with the suffixes-ment and-ness are often nouns.For example,if somebody has improved a lot,they have made great 5_.penfriend well-known incorrect unhappy improvement Some nouns and adjectiv
15、es can be used as verbs,or the other way round.When we calm somebody down,they become 6_.And we can give someone a present by 7_ it.And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words:World Trade Organization can be referred to as 8_,and 9_ is short for as soon as possibleIt is imp
16、ossible to know the meaning of every word,but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.calmpresenting WTO ASAP Activity 5:Work in groups.Choose one type and come up with as many words as possible.()abbreviating()changing the part of speech()adding a prefix or suffix()combining t
17、wo or more wordsGroup AGroup Bunlike,dislike,likely,likelihoodunlike,dislike,likeness,likely,liking,unlikelylikeActivity 1:Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.目标二：目标二：To know the differences between American English and British English in spe
18、lling and words choice.AmE BrE subway undergroundhighway motorway theater theatre gas petrolapartment flat elevator lift American English British English color colourorganize organise garbage rubbishcell phone mobile phone on the weekend at the weekendDo you have Have you got/ntrst/interesting /ntrs
19、t/interesting /dns/dance /da:ns/dance【拓展】Now complete the passage with the words above.Today,American English is in common international use.It is different from British English in several ways,mostly in spelling and vocabulary.Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster,who made one of Ame
20、ricas first dictionaries.He changed-respellings to-er,which is why 1_ is spelt 2 _ in American English.theatretheaterThe Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things.For example,Americans talk about putting 3_ in their cars and driving along the 4 _,whereas in the UK,people
21、 put 5 _ in their cars and drive along the 6 _.Americans take the 7 _ to the top floor of a building,but the British use the 8 _.In the US,they take the 9 _ but in the UK,people travel on the 10 _.Americans live in a(n)11 _,while the British live in a(n)12 _.Its not as confusing as it seems:usually
22、people from the two countries can understand each other from the context.But that doesnt stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the right one!gashighwaypetrolmotorwayelevatorliftsubwayundergroundapartmentflatActivity 2:Work in pairs.Find more examples of differences between American and British English.Use a dictionary or search on the Internet.bus/coachfall/autumnsecond floor/first floor学习总结学习总结1 Can you give more examples of word formation?2 Can you list more words to illustrate the differences between American English and British English?
